A Novel Nucleus Detection on Pap Smear Image Using Mathematical Morphology Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Nadzirah Nahrawi ◽  
Wan Azani Mustafa ◽  
Siti Nurul Aqmariah Mohd Kanafiah ◽  
Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad ◽  
Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Mathematical Morphology ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Contrast Stretching

The fourth most common form of cancer among women is cervical cancer with 569,847new cases and 311,365 reported deaths worldwide in 2018. Cervical cancer is classified as the third leading cause of cancer among women in Malaysia, with approximately 1,682 new cervical cases and about 944 deaths occurred in 2018. Cervical cancer can be detected early by cervical cancer screening. Papanicolaou test, also known as Pap smear test is conducted to detect cancer or precancer in the cervix. The disadvantage of this conventional method is that the sample of microscopic images will risk blurring effects, noise, shadow, lighting and artefact problems. The diagnostic microscopic observation performed by a microbiologist is normally time-consuming and may produce inaccurate results even by experienced hands. Thus, correct diagnosis information is essential to assist physicians to analyze the condition of the patients. In this study, an automatedsegmentation system is proposed to be used as it is more accurate and faster compared to the conventional technique. Using the proposed method in this paper, the image was enhanced by applying a median filter and Partial Contrast Stretching. A segmentation method based on mathematical morphology was performed to segment the nucleus in the Pap smear images. Image Quality Assessment (IQA) which measures the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the proposed method shows a higher percentage of accuracy and specificity with 93.66% and 95.54% respectively compared to Otsu, Niblack and Wolf methods. As a conclusion, the percentage of sensitivity is slightly lower, with 89.20% compared to Otsu and Wolf methods. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the detection performance in comparison to the existing methods.

Effect of Health Education About Cervical Cancer and Papanicolaou Testing on the Behavior, Knowledge, and Beliefs of Turkish Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Bebis ◽  
Nesrin Reis ◽  
Tulay Yavan ◽  
Damla Bayrak ◽  
Ayşe Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Belief Model

BackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer observed among women in Turkey. The participation of women in cervical cancer screening programs is strongly affected by Turkish attitudes, beliefs, and sociocultural structure.AimThis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of health education that aimed to raise awareness about Papanicolaou testing and to emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled trial and was carried out in 148 women. Seventy-five women in the control group were asked to fill out questionnaire forms. A 45-minute conference-style training was given to 73 women in the study group, and all of the subjects were asked to fill out the forms after the training. The sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups and the mean “Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test” scores of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference noticed between the sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups (P> 0.05). The difference in test scores, which represented knowledge about cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing, was statistically significant between the control group and the study group (t= 10.122,P< 0.05). In the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test, there were statistically significant differences in the following measures: lower levels of susceptibility to cervical cancer score (t= −2.035,P< 0.05), lower levels of perceived benefit from a Papanicolaou test score (t= 3.278,P< 0.05) and lower levels of perceived barriers to Papanicolaou test score (t= −3.182,P< 0.05).ConclusionNurses should be involved in educating women about cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing. By doing so, they can change the attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of the women.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽  
Yu-Yun Hsu ◽  
Ya-Min Cheng ◽  
Shu-Hsin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Feature-Based Methodology to Perform Cervical Cancer Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4091
Author(s):  
Débora N. Diniz ◽  
Mariana T. Rezende ◽  
Andrea G. C. Bianchi ◽  
Claudia M. Carneiro ◽  
Daniela M. Ushizima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Microscopy Image ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Number Of Classes

Prevention of cervical cancer could be performed using Pap smear image analysis. This test screens pre-neoplastic changes in the cervical epithelial cells; accurate screening can reduce deaths caused by the disease. Pap smear test analysis is exhaustive and repetitive work performed visually by a cytopathologist. This article proposes a workload-reducing algorithm for cervical cancer detection based on analysis of cell nuclei features within Pap smear images. We investigate eight traditional machine learning methods to perform a hierarchical classification. We propose a hierarchical classification methodology for computer-aided screening of cell lesions, which can recommend fields of view from the microscopy image based on the nuclei detection of cervical cells. We evaluate the performance of several algorithms against the Herlev and CRIC databases, using a varying number of classes during image classification. Results indicate that the hierarchical classification performed best when using Random Forest as the key classifier, particularly when compared with decision trees, k-NN, and the Ridge methods.

The Pap smear test value in dysplasia and cervical cancer diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Cruciat ◽  
Iulia Popa ◽  
Suzana Mariam Chaikh-Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

scholarly journals The Correlation between Characteristics, Knowledge and Motivation of Couples in Childbearing Age with the Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anggrita Sari ◽  
Ika Mardiatul Ulfa ◽  
Dewi Pusparani Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the cervix and often attack women. In Indonesia cervical cancer is the number one killer of all cancers. So early detection is very important. The incidence of cancer from year to year has been increasing significantly. On the contrary, the coverage of pap smear test has been decreasing. The aims are to determine the correlation of characteristics (age, education, and employment), knowledge and motivation and early detection of cervical cancer in couples of childbearing age in patients of Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This type of research is analytic survey with cross sectional. The population is all couples of childbearing age who visit in obstetrics policlinic in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. Sampling method was done by accidental sampling using a sample size of 30 people. Analysis using the spearman rank correlation test with 95% confidence value. Results find no correlation between age and early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,264>α=0,05), a correlation between education and early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,001<α=0,05), a correlation between employment with early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,003<α=0,05), no correlation between knowledge with the early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,425>α=0,05)), no correlation between motivation with the early detection of cervical cancer (p=0,264>α=0,05).

Computational Intelligence-Based Cell Nuclei Segmentation from Pap Smear Images

2016 ◽  
pp. 262-284
Author(s):  
Savitha Balakrishnan ◽  
Subashini Parthasarathy ◽  
Krishnaveni Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Nuclei Segmentation ◽  
Segmentation Problem

Automated Segmentation of cell nuclei in Pap smear images plays an important role in the cervical cancer cell analysis systems to make a correct diagnosis decision. The aim of this chapter is to detail about the variety of computational intelligence and image processing approaches developed and used for the nuclei segmentation. In additional, the threshold based segmentation problem is treated as an optimization problem with an objective of preserving both the size and volume of the cell nuclei and also to segment the nuclei region from the original microscopic Pap smear image with the help of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization techniques (ACO). Experimental results are shown, compared in quantitative and qualitative manner as well as the main advantages and limitations of each algorithm are explained.

scholarly journals Migrating techniques, multiplying diagnoses: the contribution of Argentina and Brazil to early 'detection policy' in cervical cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Eraso
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
South American ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Medical Centers

This article on the early detection of cervical cancer focuses on the development of two leading diagnostic techniques - colposcopy and the Pap smear test - and their histories in Argentina and Brazil. It explores how diagnostic tools were transferred between Europe and the Americas, while examining the intersection of cultural and medical aspects and the processes of adaptation and resignification in the receiving countries. Colposcopy received little attention in the main Western medical centers until South American countries reasserted its significance in the 1950s. 'Peripheral' centers played a central role in early detection policies and the combined uses of these methods gave rise to a new stage of 'cumulative confidence' in cervical cancer diagnosis and screening.

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