Effect of Moisture Content on Sunflower Seed Physical and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdeen Mousa Ali ◽  
Wang Yuan Zong ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Horia Mohamed Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Length Width

This study was carried out to measure some physical and mechanical properties of the sunflower seeds variety “DW667”. The physical properties (length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity) and mechanical properties (compressive load and displacement deformation for vertical and horizontal orientations) were measured at 4%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% Dray basis (d.b.) moisture contents. Higher moisture content from 4%to25% increased length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity and deformation displacement at the vertical and horizontal orientations of seeds increased from 10.57 to , 4.50 to , 2.85 to , 5.13 to , 49 to 50 %, 82.95 to 94.53 mm2, 33.70 to , 286.80 to 314.98 kg/m3, 406.47 to 483.61 kg/m3, 29.22 to 34.54 %, 1.63 to 2.63 mm and 0.70 to 1.87 mm, respectively. While the required compressive force for rupture seeds decreased from 25.3 to 12.39 N and 11.5 to 5.63 N for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively with moisture contents uprising from 4 to 25 %. The findings of this study will open new windows in farm mechanization for the designing and improvement of treatment machines for this type of seed.

Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Trash Relating to the Criteria Design of a Sugarcane Trash Chopping Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1574-1581
Author(s):  
Nirattisak Khongthon ◽  
Somposh Sudajan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Shearing Force ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Static Coefficient

The physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane leaves were necessary for the design consideration of the relating storage, handling and processing equipment. The sugarcane trash at moisture contents of 23.40 and 73.91 % w.b. were used for this study. The mean length and unit weight of sugarcane trashes were 168.63 cm and 65.87 grams respectively. The average number of leaf of each sample was 4. The mean diameter of the thrash top, width and thickness increased with the increase of moisture from 23.40 and 73.91 % w.b.. The average leaf angles (β) relative to the horizontal plane of the first left leaf, second left leaf, first right leaf and second right leaf were 65.10, 73.36, 71.07 and 78.26 degrees for 73.91 % w.b., and 66.33, 73.50, 67.50 and 75.83 degrees for 23.40 % w.b. respectively. When the moisture content increased from 23.40 to 73.91% w.b., the static coefficient of friction increased from 0.30 to 0.43, 0.38 to 0.41, 0.30 to 0.37 and 0.54 to 0.66 for plywood, mild steel, galvanized iron and rubber plate respectively. The least static coefficient of friction occurred on the galvanized iron plate. The results from experimenting on mechanical properties showed that the maximum shearing force increased with the increase in moisture content from 23.40 to 73.91% w.b. respectively. The maximum shearing force was 360.15 and 457.32 N for moisture contents of 23.40 and 73.91% w.b.. The maximum tensile force decreased toward upper region of the leaf for both 23.40 and 73.91% w.b.. The results of this study would be useful for the design and optimization of the equipment associated with harvesting, threshing, chopping and processing.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Stems at Varying Moisture Contents

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
S. A. Fagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Shearing Energy

The physical and mechanical properties of Nigerian variety Kenaf stems Ibadan Local were studied. Plant height was ranged from 224 cm to 327 cm and maximum stem diameter was ranged from 15 mm to 50 mm. The mechanical properties revealed that maximum cutting force and shearing energy were 1778.62 N and 10.20 J, respectively for 37% moisture content while it was 742.67 N and 3.74 J for 77% moisture content. The Young’s modulus ranged from 60.04 – 266.80 MPa. The greater shearing energy was obtained at the base of the stem.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COFFEE GRAINS PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT HARVEST RIPENING

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana ◽  
Evanila Silvia ◽  
Bosman Sidebang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Very High

This research aimed to determine relationships between weight and several physic-mechanical properties of coffee grains. Grains having 12.2% (wet basis) moisture content in average, originated from cherries of different ripening levels identified by green, yellow, red and deep red in colors were used for experiment. Research used regresi linear analysis. Results of experiment indicated that weight of grains positively correlated to length, width, thickness and frontal area with very high values of determination coefficient. Weight of grains correlated positively to sphericity and negatively to porosity. Weight of grains originated from green and red cherries had positive correlation with density whereas weight of grains originated from yellow and deep red cherries possessed no correlation with density. Weight of grains from yellow, red and deep red cherries had negative correlation with true density in contrast weight of grains from green cherries had positive correlation with true density. There were no reliable trend concerning the relationships between weight of grains and coefficient of static friction and angle of repose.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

scholarly journals Postharvest Chemical, Sensorial and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica MRATINIĆ ◽  
Bojan POPOVSKI ◽  
Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ ◽  
Melpomena POPOVSKA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Solids Content

Some chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties of 19 apricot genotypes and Hungarian Best (control) such as moisture content, soluble solids content, titratable acidity ratio and their ratio, fruit and stone mass, flesh/stone ratio, fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were determined. Their application is also discussed. The highest moisture content and stone mass observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04, soluble solids content in ZO-1/03, titratable acidity in ZL-2/03, SS/TA ratio in ZL-1/03, and fruit mass and flesh/stone ratio in DL-1/1/04 genotype. The most number of genotypes have orange and deep orange skin and flesh colour, respectively, whereas sweet kernel taste was predominant in most genotypes. Regarding physical-mechanical properties, the superior fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter and surface area observed in DL-1/1/04 genotype, whereas the highest sphericity and surface area observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04 genotypes. Also, the series of genotypes evaluated have better chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties than Hungarian Best (control). Finally, information about these properties is very important for understanding the behaviour of the product during the postharvest operations.

Physical Properties of Rough Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Farahmandfar ◽  
Esfandiyar Farahmandfar ◽  
Amir Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
True Density ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Size Grading

Knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the rice grain is being used in the handling, planting, harvesting, threshing, cleaning, size grading, up grading, treating and packaging. Several physical properties of three rough rice cultivars (Poya, Khazar and Haraz) were determined and compared in terms of length, width, thickness, aspect ratio, arithmetic diameter, geometric diameter, equivalent diameter, sphericity, mass, volume, surface area, bulk density, true density and porosity. A linear model for describing the mass of rough rice grain for each cultivar was also investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture and region of cut on cassava stalk properties in biomass applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaewwinud Nisanath ◽  
Khokhajaikiat Porntep ◽  
Boonma Apichart
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Different Levels

In an attempt to investigate the potential of using cassava stalk as a biomass material and determine the design requirements for developing a cutting machine, this study aims to investigate physical and mechanical properties of cassavas stalk, under the influence of moisture content and region of cut using statistical techniques. Moisture contents were ranged into three different levels; 54.19, 43.05 and 24.93% wet basis (w.b.) while cutting regions were classified as top (tip of cassava stalk), middle and bottom. Mechanical properties were represented by shearing stress. Physical properties, on the other hand, were represented by length, diameter, and mass. By decreasing moisture levels, all parameter values were reduced, except shearing stress. Moreover, it was found that shearing stress increased when lowering the cutting line. Maximum and minimum shearing stress occurred at bottom and top regions of the stalk, respectively. Most importantly, moisture content and region of cut both had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on shearing stress, although the latter had much larger impact.

Physico-mechanical properties of rough rice grain under different moisture conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
R. ElGamal ◽  
G. ElMasry ◽  
F. Firtha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
True Density ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rough Rice

This study was carried out to evaluate some physical and mechanical properties of three Hungarian rice varieties named Dáma, Janka and M488 under different moisture levels to be a useful data for modelling the moisture changes in rough rice storage bins. Rough rice grains were conditioned to moisture contents of 12, 18, 24, and 30% (w.b.). Five mechanical expressions named rupture force (Fr), maximum stress (σmax), grain deformation (D), energy (E) and toughness (T) were extracted from stress–strain curve for all tested varieties as a function of moisture content. Also, some physical properties such as bulk density, true density, porosity and some morphological features of grain were determined as a function of moisture content for tested rough rice grain. The results revealed that the measured physical and mechanical properties are significantly effected by moisture contents for the three tested rice varieties. In general, when the moisture content increased, the rupture force and maximum stress decreased for all investigated grains. However, the deformation, energy and toughness firstly decreased with moisture content increase and after that increased with further increase of moisture content for all rice varieties. On the other hand, the bulk density, true density and porosity do not have a specific trend with increasing moisture content. Moreover, there was a significant difference among the selected rice varieties in terms of their bulk density and porosity at the same moisture content range.

scholarly journals Some physical properties of lentil seeds affected by harvest time

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
S. Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
True Density ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture

Abstract: The physical properties and the hardness of lentil seeds, which can also be affected by harvest times, are very important variables in the designing and adjustment of machineries used during harvest, handling and other processes. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different harvest times on some physical and mechanical properties of lentil seeds. A field experiment was conducted at six harvest times including the harvesting at physiological maturity (H1) and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after physiological maturity (H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6, respectively). The variables determined were moisture content, diameter, thickness, sphericity, seed mass, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds. It was found that seed moisture content, seed dimensions, seed mass and bulk density decreased with delayed harvest time. However, sphericity, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds increased with increased harvest time.

Physical Properties of Finola® Hemp Seeds: Clean and Containing Dockages

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuji Jian ◽  
Sam Yavari ◽  
Ramasamy Boopathy Narendran ◽  
Digvir S. Jayas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Average Surface Area

Abstract.Physical properties of hemp seeds (, L., cultivar Finola®) with 5%, 10%, and 15% foreign materials and dockages (FMD) at 9%, 12%, and 15% moisture contents (wet basis) were measured. The measured and determined physical properties include physical dimensions (length, width, thickness, kernel volume, sphericity, and average surface area), density (bulk and true density), porosity, weight of 1000 kernels, filling and empting angles of repose, and coefficients of friction on surfaces of plywood, galvanized steel, steel-troweled concrete, and wood-floated concrete. The mean value of the length, width, and thickness of the 50 kernels had a linear relationship with the increase of moisture content; however, this was not true for individual kernels. Bulk density of seeds at any FMD level decreased linearly or quadratically with the moisture content increase, while the true density had an opposite trend. Increasing FMD significantly increased the bulk density at any moisture content, and there were variations for the true density. There were gaps between the seed coat and cotyledon, and these gaps became smaller or disappeared when the seed moisture content was increased. This phenomenon resulted in the same average surface area, same volume, and exponential increase in porosity to 58.5% with the increase of moisture content. Increased FMD significantly decreased the porosity at any moisture content. Emptying angle of repose increased with the increase of moisture contents and percentage of FMD. Higher variability was observed in the filling angle of repose than in the emptying angle of repose. The coefficient of friction was the largest against wood-floated and steel-troweled concrete, followed by galvanized steel, and the smallest was against the plywood surface. Keywords: Angle of repose, Density, Foreign material and dockage (FMD), Friction against structural surface, Hemp seed, Physical dimensions.

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