Some physical properties of lentil seeds affected by harvest time

Abstract: The physical properties and the hardness of lentil seeds, which can also be affected by harvest times, are very important variables in the designing and adjustment of machineries used during harvest, handling and other processes. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different harvest times on some physical and mechanical properties of lentil seeds. A field experiment was conducted at six harvest times including the harvesting at physiological maturity (H1) and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after physiological maturity (H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6, respectively). The variables determined were moisture content, diameter, thickness, sphericity, seed mass, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds. It was found that seed moisture content, seed dimensions, seed mass and bulk density decreased with delayed harvest time. However, sphericity, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds increased with increased harvest time.

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Pengaruh Kadar Air terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisik Biji Lada Putih

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.15308 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Andi Muhammad Akram Mukhlis ◽

Edy Hartulistiyoso ◽

Yohanes Aris Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Average Height ◽

True Density ◽

The Third ◽

Axial Dimension ◽

Content Range

The physical properties of seed are required in designing an apparatus for handling, separation, drying, storage, and processing. The physical properties of white pepper seeds were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 15,40 - 64,80 % dry basis (d.b.). The average height, length and width at a moisture content condition of 15,40 % (d.b.) were 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm and 4,35 ± 0,35 mm, respectively. In the range of moisture content 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.), the results of this study showed an increase linearly of the third axial dimension, the average diameter, the roundness from 0,969 to 0,977, the volume from 39,50 to 67,34 mm3, the surface area from 55,87 to 79,92mm2 and the thousand seed mass from 52,47 to 75,63 g. Bulk density and true density has a polynomial correlation with changes in moisture content.The porosity decreased from 45,01 % to 44,88 % with an increase in the moisture content range of 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.). ABSTRAKSifat fisik biji-bijian diperlukan dalam merancang suatu peralatan untuk penanganan, pemisahan, pengeringan, penyimpanan dan pengolahannya. Sifat fisik biji lada putih ditentukan sebagai fungsi kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % basis kering (b.k.). Tinggi, panjang dan lebar rata-rata pada kondisi kadar air 15,40 % (b.k.) adalah 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm dan 4,35 ± 0,35 mm berturut-turut. Pada rentang kadar air 15,40 - 64,80 % b.k., hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan secara linear pada ketiga dimensi aksial, diameter rata-rata, kebulatan dari 0,969 hingga 0,977, volume dari 39,50 hingga 67,34 mm3, luas permukaan dari 55,87 hingga 79,92 mm2 dan massa seribu biji dari 52,47 hingga 75,63 g. Bulk density dan true density memiliki hubungan polinomial dengan perubahan kadar air biji. Porositas menurun dari 45,01 % hingga 44,88 % dengan peningkatan kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % (b.k.).

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EFFECT OF SWATHING AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON SEED PROPERTIES OF LAIRD LENTIL

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-142 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1173-1178 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JUMING TANG ◽

SHAHAB SOKHANSANJ ◽

F W. SOSULSKI ◽

A. E. SLINKARD

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Cooking Quality ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Kernel Density ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Seed Moisture

The influence of harvest date and time in the swath on seed moisture content, physical characteristics and cooking quality of lentil was detemined over a 22-d harvest period in August 1988. Swathing effectively reduced seed moisture content from nearly 60 to 14% in 10 d except under conditions of prolonged rainfall. Reductions in moisture content resulted in increased bulk density along with proportional decreases in seed mass. Susceptibility to seed breakage also increased with decrease in moisture content, especially at seed moisture levels below 15% or when the experiment was conducted at −25 °C. Harvest date and seed moisture content had no apparent effect on cooking quality or kernel density.Key words: Lentil, harvesting, swathing, cooking quality, breakage susceptibility, bulk density, kernel density

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Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea06078 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 683 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pippa J. Michael ◽

Kathryn J. Steadman ◽

Julie A. Plummer

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Development ◽

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

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Effect of Moisture Content on Sunflower Seed Physical and Mechanical Properties

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.57.169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 169-179

Author(s):

Khaled Abdeen Mousa Ali ◽

Wang Yuan Zong ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Horia Mohamed Abd El-Ghany

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Surface Area ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Compressive Force ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

True Density ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Length Width

This study was carried out to measure some physical and mechanical properties of the sunflower seeds variety “DW667”. The physical properties (length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity) and mechanical properties (compressive load and displacement deformation for vertical and horizontal orientations) were measured at 4%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% Dray basis (d.b.) moisture contents. Higher moisture content from 4%to25% increased length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity and deformation displacement at the vertical and horizontal orientations of seeds increased from 10.57 to , 4.50 to , 2.85 to , 5.13 to , 49 to 50 %, 82.95 to 94.53 mm2, 33.70 to , 286.80 to 314.98 kg/m3, 406.47 to 483.61 kg/m3, 29.22 to 34.54 %, 1.63 to 2.63 mm and 0.70 to 1.87 mm, respectively. While the required compressive force for rupture seeds decreased from 25.3 to 12.39 N and 11.5 to 5.63 N for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively with moisture contents uprising from 4 to 25 %. The findings of this study will open new windows in farm mechanization for the designing and improvement of treatment machines for this type of seed.

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Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.52151/jae2021581.1749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (03) ◽

pp. 250-261

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽

Sheshrao Kautkar ◽

P. K. Pathak ◽

Bholuram Gurjar ◽

Sunil Swami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

True Density ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

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Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i2.3105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽

N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Effect Of Moisture

The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for four cashew varieties viz., Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4 and Vengurle 7 at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For Vengurle 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm3, 1355 to 1540 mm2, 984 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 3 geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm3, 2320 to 2567 mm2, 1020 to 1048 kg m-3 and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 4 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm3, 1391 to 1828 mm2, 970 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32.5 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m-3, respectively. For Vengurle 7 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm3, 1840 to 1941 mm2, 998 to 1045 kg m-3 and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m-3, respectively.

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Physical properties of safflower grains. Part I: Geometric and gravimetric characteristics

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n5p344-349 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 344-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elton A. S. Martins ◽

André L. D. Goneli ◽

Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽

Munir Mauad ◽

Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

True Density ◽

Geometrical Characteristics ◽

Forced Air ◽

Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Safflower is an oil crop and its oil can be used for food and industrial purposes. However, there is little information about the physical properties of these grains, which is important for the planning and execution of post-harvest stages. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drying on the main physical properties of safflower grains. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During the drying, bulk density and true density, porosity, thousand-grain mass, circularity, sphericity, projected and surface area, and surface-volume ratio were measured. Based on these results, it is concluded that all gravimetric and geometrical characteristics of safflower grains were reduced due to the reduction of moisture content, except for the surface-volume ratio.

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Physical properties of sunflower seeds during drying

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Thaís Adriana de Souza Smaniotto ◽

Osvaldo Resende ◽

Kelly Aparecida de Sousa ◽

Rafael Cândido Campos ◽

Denner Nogueira Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Terminal Velocity ◽

True Density ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Intergranular Porosity ◽

Air Ventilation

The aim of this work was to determine the effect that the moisture content has on the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The cultivar Olisun 3, with an initial moisture content of 34.1 (% wb), was used and then subjected to drying in an oven with forced air ventilation under three temperature conditions: 40, 60 and 80 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored by the gravimetric method until it reached a final moisture content of 8.0 ± 1.0 (% wb). The physical properties were analysed: the bulk density, true density, intergranular porosity and volumetric shrinkage of the mass and unit and terminal velocity. The reduction in the moisture content influenced the physical properties of sunflower seeds and caused a decrease in the intergranular porosity, bulk density and true density at all examined temperatures. The mass and volumetric contractions of the unit and reduction in shrinkage rates all increased with the drying of sunflower seeds at all studied temperatures. The terminal velocity increased as the moisture content of the grains increased, which was more evident at the drying temperature of 80 °C.

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Onset of germinability, desiccation tolerance and hardseededness in developing seeds of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) K. Heyne (Caesalpinioideae)

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1079/ssr2003149 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 323-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

T. Mai-Hong ◽

T.D. Hong ◽

N.T. Hien ◽

R.H. Ellis

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tree Legume ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Seed Population ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Filling Phase

In the hot and dry conditions in which seeds of the tree legume Peltophorum pterocarpum develop and mature in Vietnam, seed moisture content declined rapidly on the mother plant from 87% at 42 d after flowering (DAF) to 15% at 70 DAF. Dry weight of the pods attained a maximum value at about 42 DAF, but seed mass maturity (i.e. the end of the seed-filling phase) occurred at about 62 DAF, at which time seed moisture content was about 45–48%. The onset of the ability of freshly collected seeds to germinate (in 63-d tests at 28–34°C) occurred at 42 DAF, i.e. about 20 d before mass maturity. Full germination (98%) was attained at 70 DAF, i.e. at about 8 d after mass maturity. Thereafter, germination of fresh seeds declined, due to the imposition of a hard seed coat. Tolerance of desiccation to 10% moisture content was first detected at 56 DAF and was complete within the seed population by 84 DAF, i.e. about 22 d after mass maturity. Hardseededness began to be induced when seeds were dried to about 15% moisture content and below, with a negative logarithmic relation between hardseededness and moisture content below this value.

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Studies on Evaluation and Determination of Physical and Functional Properties of Millets. (Ragi and Pearl Millet)

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (03) ◽

Author(s):

P A Pawase ◽

A Shingote ◽

U D Chavan

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Functional Properties ◽

True Density ◽

Sample Weight ◽

Dimensional Properties ◽

Significant Difference

The study determined the physical properties of ﬁnger millet (FM) (Eluesine coracana) grains and the functional properties of FM ﬂour. Physical properties such as colour attributes, sample weight, bulk density, true density, porosity, surface area, sample volume, aspect ratio, sphericity, dimensional properties and moisture content of grain cultivars were determined. Water absorption capacity (WAC), bulk density (BD), dispersibility, viscosity and micro-structure of FM ﬂours were also evaluated. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23.0. Results showed that milky cream cultivar was signiﬁcantly higher (p less than 0.05) than other samples in sample weight, bulk density, true density, aspect ratio and sphericity. However, pearl millet, used as a control, was signiﬁcantly diﬀerent from FM ﬂour on all dimensional properties. Moisture content of milky cream showed higher signiﬁcant diﬀerence for both grains and ﬂours as compared to brown and black grain/ﬂours. Milky cream cultivar was signiﬁcantly diﬀerent in L , b , C , H values, WAC, BD and dispersibility for both FM grains and ﬂours. Data showed that brown ﬂour was signiﬁcantly higher in viscosity than in milky and black ﬂours. Microstructure results revealed that starch granules of raw FM ﬂours had oval/spherical and smooth surface. The study is important for agricultural and food engineers, designers, scientists and processors in the design of equipment for FM grain processing. Results are likely to be useful in assessing the quality of grains used to fortify FM ﬂour.

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