Site Experiment for Predicting Hazardous Geological Formations ahead of Tunnel Face

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Lin ◽  
Yu Yong Jiao ◽  
Q.S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Short Time

In the construction of railways in western part of China, more and more long tunnels have been excavated these years, and several ones are under construction at the moment. Because of the complex geologies like faults, fractured zones, karst cavities as well as water bearing formations, the stability and safety of tunnels have been challenging topics in the construction process. In this regard, the advance knowledge of the location, size, and spatial information of the uncertainties ahead of the face is very important to the contractors. In this paper, by using the Tunneling Seismic Prediction (TSP) technique, site experiments are performed to predict hazardous formations ahead of face in a railway tunnel. Through interpretation of the testing data, the wave velocities and the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock are obtained, and the faults/fractures are recognized. The study shows that compared to time-consuming core drilling method, the wave reflection based TSP method can predict major uncertain formations in long range ahead of the face in short time. The downtime, as we know, is one of the key factors in speeding the tunnel construction. For the prediction accuracy, the TSP technique is able to provide enough information due to its multiple proof-test procedure.

scholarly journals 3D Numerical Investigation of Face Stability in Tunnels with Unsupported Face

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIMITRIOS GEORGIOU ◽  
ALEXANDROS KALOS ◽  
MICHAEL KAVVADAS
Keyword(s):  
Stability Parameter ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Tunnel Wall ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Face Stability ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Average Face ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The paper studies the stability of unsupported tunnel faces by analyzing the results of a large number of 3D numerical analyses of tunnel faces, in various ground conditions and overburden depths. The analyses calculate the average face extrusion (Uh) by averaging the axial displacement over the tunnel face. Limiting face stability occurs when the average face extrusion becomes very large and algorithmic convergence becomes problematic. Using the results of the analyses, a dimensionless “face stability parameter” is defined, which depends on a suitable combination of ground strength, overburden depth and tunnel width. The face stability parameter correlates very well with many critical tunnel face parameters, like the safety factor of the tunnel against face instability, the average face extrusion, the radial convergence of the tunnel wall at the excavation face, the volume loss and the deconfinement ratio at the tunnel face. Thus, semi-empirical formulae are proposed for the calculation of these parameters in terms of the face stability parameter. Since the face stability parameter can be easily calculated from basic tunnel and ground parameters, the above critical tunnel parameters can be calculated, and conclusions can be drawn about tunnel face stability, volume loss and the deconfinement ratio at the excavation face which can be useful in preliminary tunnel designs.

‘My kingdom for a horse’: Bestial Sovereignty in Richard III

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Huw Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
History Plays ◽  
Richard Ii ◽  
Richard Iii ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Animal Imagery ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Two Bodies

This chapter offers a conclusion to the book, through a movement away from the human body into the ways that animal bodies are also recruited for Shakespeare’s metaphorics of sovereignty. More than any other of Shakespeare’s history plays, Richard III is dominated by animal imagery. One way to understand this is as a form of moral commentary on the “bestial” state that England has been dragged into by the civil war and, particularly, by the evils of that war as concentrated in Richard himself, a concentration particularly in the image of his body as deformed. However, the slipperiness of metaphor does not allow for the stabilization of sovereignty in any one body, including the stability imagined in the metaphysical conceit of the “kings two bodies”. In this chapter, I offer a final countermand to Kantorowicz’s reading of Richard II wherein Richard’s abdication offers up the Christ-like sacrifice of the king as a concentrated image of divine sovereignty. In place of this, I read Richard III backwards from the moment of Richard’s own brief “abdication” at the end of the play: his willingness to exchange his kingdom for a horse, albeit in the face of death. Whilst not ascribing any revolutionary intent to the character of Richard, this moment affords an alternate insight into the translatable locations of sovereignty. Re-read through its figurations, sovereignty is conceived of as never inalienable; it is, rather, always dependent on the bodies of others including, here, the bodies of animals.

Test Study on the Influence of Interface of Soil and Rock on the Stability of Sandy Soil Tunnel Face

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Tong ◽  
Ming Nian Wang ◽  
Hu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Test Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Stability

Through model tests, three different locations of the interface of the soil and rock in sandy soil tunnel were simulated. The failure processes of the face and the un-supported section were described. The initial and finial depth-width ratios were obtained. The failure features and mechanism were analyzed. The tests show that the longitudinal equilibrium arch in the un-supported section fist forms, and then the tunnel face damages. The failure surface shape approximates to logarithm spire curve, and it is the interface of the soil and rock when there is the interface of the soil and rock in front of the tunnel face. The interface of the soil and rock improves the stability and the depth-width ratios of the tunnel face and the un-supported section, especially when it is in front of the tunnel face.

scholarly journals Problems Encountered during a Railway Tunnel Excavation in Squeezing and Swelling Materials and Possible Engineering Measures: A Case Study from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebu Bekir Aygar ◽  
Candan Gokceoglu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Tunnel Support ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Northwestern Turkey ◽  
Under Construction

The T3 railway tunnel—under construction within the scope of the Bursa-Yenişehir high-speed train project—is located in northwestern Turkey and has a length of 1250 m. The tunnel is being constructed entirely in silty clay/clayey silt, sand, and clay units, and it is designed in accordance with the principles of weak ground tunneling described by the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM). When the tunnel excavations began in 2013, during and after portal excavations, a failure occurred at the entrance of the tunnel; thus, a revision of the support systems became mandatory. While the excavation works proceeded after the revision phase, a collapse occurred again at the tunnel face where the overburden thickness was low. This study presents the mechanisms of the collapse that took place at the portal location and in the middle of the tunnel. The proposed tunnel support systems and their numerical analyses are also discussed, because the case is interesting for the tunnel community and will inform future tunnel construction work. For this reason, the relationship between portal excavation and tunnel excavation stability is described. Consequently, tunnels excavated through weak ground conditions are considered, and the importance of considering the face stability of tunnels in tunneling studies is underlined.

scholarly journals Peran Jasa Ground Handling Terhadap Pelayanan Perusahaan Air Freight di Bali dalam Menghadapi Kompetisi Global

WARTA ARDHIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yati Nurhayati ◽  
Yunitha Ardiani Nur
Keyword(s):  
Air Cargo ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ground Handling ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Air Freight ◽  
Freight Forwarder ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Short Time

Salah satu kunci keberhasilan dari sebuah perusahaan pengiriman barang terletak pada kegiatan handling barang yang efektif dan efisien. Untuk dapat berkompetisi dengan baik dengan acuan waktu pelayanan yang efisien, perusahaan jasa airfreight memerlukan kerjasama dengan perusahaan jasa ground handling (PT Jasa Angkasa Semesta dan PT Gapura Angkasa) agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan. Di sinilah letak peran penting perusahaan jasa ground handling terhadap bisnis air cargo. Sesuai dengan konsep aliran logistik secara terpadu maka selayaknya tidak ada sekat (boundary) atau pisahan antara perusahaan jasa ground handling dan airfreight dalam operasionalnya. Keduanya bersama-sama dengan maskapai penerbangan merupakan satu kesatuan untuk tujuan yang sama mengirim cargo pelanggan tepat waktu. Strategi apa yang akan digunakan perusahaan jasa airfreight bergantung kepada perhitungan IFAS dan EFAS untuk mencari titik absis dan ordinat yang menunjukkan posisi strategis perusahaan airfreight saat ini. Sebagai alat analisis kualitatif, analisis SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threat) memadai untuk mengetahui posisi strategis perusahaan airfreight dan mengatur langkah strategi apa yang akan digunakan. Kerjasama antara airfreight dan ground handling ini diharapkan akan menghasilkan jasa pelayanan air cargo dengan total waktu proses yang relatif cepat. [The Role of Ground Handling Services to The Air Freight Services in Bali in The Face of Global Competition] One of the successful key of freight forwarder companies lies in their handling operations that executed effectively and efficiently. Most of the companies that can stay competitive in this transportation services business are those which operated with relatively short time in unloading and loading the cargo. In order to make their companies well competed with reference to efficient services time, air freight services companies need to cooperate with ground handling services companies (PT Jasa Angkasa Semesta and PT Gapura Angkasa) so that customer needs can be fulfilled. And that is the important role of ground handling services in the air freight business. In accordance with the integrated logistic flow concept, there should be no operational boundaries between ground handling services companies and air freight services companies. Both of them, together with the airlines, are an entity with the same purpose: to handle the customer cargo right in time. The strategy that will be used by air freight services companies rely on IFAS and EFAS calculation in order to find the correct abscissa and ordinate that indicate the strategic position of the companies at the moment. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) used as the tool of qualitative analysis not only for indicating the strategic position of the air freight services companies but also for managing the strategic measures that will be taken. The awareness of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the air freight services companies can be used as the benefit in the cooperation with the other services companies, especially ground handling and airlines. The role of ground handling in improving the strengths and using the opportunities while reducing weaknesses and threats is crucial for air freight operations. Thus, cooperation between air freight and ground handling is expected in providing quick processing-cargo services.

scholarly journals Second ethical comments towards COVID-19 (one year later)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
O. I. Kubar ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
N. I. Romanenkova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
The Face ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Real Picture

At the beginning of COVID-19 development, when social vulnerability in the face of the global infectious threat became obvious, we presented target information on a key civilizational issue — the role of ethics in epidemic emergencies. The compliance of RF legislation and the world ethical standards analyzed on based on the study of the humanitarian heritage of pandemic management and a review of existing international documents. Today, one year later, it is time to practically evaluate the effectiveness of the ideology of ethical commitment and objectively comprehend the conflicts that have arisen, their causes and consequences. It should be emphasized that this work is not a so-called “moral lesson learned from COVID-19”, but representation of a real picture of how the centuries-old experience of former epidemics and pandemics was taken into account and the unique truth of the ethical content of management decisions and actions was accepted. It is particularly important to have a possibility to present this article as a continuation of our research topic on the bioethics of pandemics, on the pages of such an authoritative, specialized journal, which fully allows us to preserve the integrity of ideas about the humanitarian essence of anti-epidemic measures. This humanitarian parallel starts from the moment of managing a particular patient with infectious pathology until large-scale measures for eradication vaccine-preventable diseases. A comprehensive and dynamic look at the need to find ways and the nature of overcoming ethical conflicts during the ongoing pandemic of the new coronavirus infection could determine the ethical approach of longterm recommendations in the field of public health protection and ensure the stability of social trust in the future.

Em transe-to

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Natalia Christofoletti Barrenha
Keyword(s):  
The Face ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City

This text seeks to explore the Argentine films Castro (Alejo Moguillansky, 2009) and El asaltante (Pablo Fendrik, 2007) from within the displacement of their characters through the city. This transit configures the organising element of the plots, determining the direction and rhythm of events. The escape motto will structure the film analyses, which are also twinned by the sensory apprehension that comes from the spaces they travel through. The notion of escape, as explored by Esteban Dipaola in Argentine cinema of the 1990s, continues to throb in mid-to-late 2000s production, and in these films represents the means by which the protagonists deploy critical attitudes—sometimes radical and explosive, sometimes silent—in the face of fixed notions, suggesting some scepticism about the “stability” and “order” that they (dis)encounter in normality. RESUMEN Este texto busca explorar los largometrajes argentinos Castro (Alejo Moguillansky, 2009) y El asaltante (Pablo Fendrik, 2007) a partir del desplazamiento de sus personajes por la ciudad. El transitar se configura como elemento organizador de las tramas, determinando la dirección y el ritmo de los acontecimientos. El tema de la fuga irá estructurando los análisis de las películas, las cuales también están relacionadas por la aprehensión sensorial que hacen de los espacios que recorren. La noción de fuga, tal y como fue explorada por Esteban Dipaola en el cine argentino de los años 90, continúa vigente en la producción de mediados/fines de la primera década del siglo XXI, y en estas películas es el recurso por medio del cual los protagonistas despliegan actitudes críticas – a veces radicales y explosivas, y a veces silenciosas – frente a nociones convencionales, lo cual hace pensar que existe un cierto escepticismo con relación a la “estabilidad” y al “orden” que ellos (des)encuentran en la normalidad. RESUMO Este texto busca explorar os longas-metragens argentinos Castro (Alejo Moguillansky, 2009) e El asaltante (Pablo Fendrik, 2007) a partir do deslocamento de seus personagens pela cidade. O transitar configura-se como elemento organizador das tramas, determinando a direção e o ritmo dos acontecimentos. O mote da fuga estruturará as análises dos filmes, os quais também se irmanam pela apreensão sensorial que fazem dos espaços que percorrem. A noção de fuga, conforme explorada por Esteban Dipaola no cinema argentino da década de 1990, continua a pulsar na produção de meados/fins dos anos 2000, e é, nestes filmes, o recurso através do qual os protagonistas desdobram atitudes críticas – às vezes radicais e explosivas, às vezes silenciosas – diante de noções fixas, sugerindo certo ceticismo em relação à “estabilidade” e à “ordem” que eles (des)encontram na normalidade.

Stability Analysis of the Nanjung Water Diversion Twin Tunnels based on Convergence Measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Simon Heru Prassetyo ◽  
Ganda Marihot Simangunsong ◽  
Ridho Kresna Wattimena ◽  
Made Astawa Rai ◽  
Irwandy Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Critical Strain ◽  
Convergence Rates ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Tunnel Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Twin Tunnels

This paper focuses on the stability analysis of the Nanjung Water Diversion Twin Tunnels using convergence measurement. The Nanjung Tunnel is horseshoe-shaped in cross-section, 10.2 m x 9.2 m in dimension, and 230 m in length. The location of the tunnel is in Curug Jompong, Margaasih Subdistrict, Bandung. Convergence monitoring was done for 144 days between February 18 and July 11, 2019. The results of the convergence measurement were recorded and plotted into the curves of convergence vs. day and convergence vs. distance from tunnel face. From these plots, the continuity of the convergence and the convergence rate in the tunnel roof and wall were then analyzed. The convergence rates from each tunnel were also compared to empirical values to determine the level of tunnel stability. In general, the trend of convergence rate shows that the Nanjung Tunnel is stable without any indication of instability. Although there was a spike in the convergence rate at several STA in the measured span, that spike was not replicated by the convergence rate in the other measured spans and it was not continuous. The stability of the Nanjung Tunnel is also confirmed from the critical strain analysis, in which most of the STA measured have strain magnitudes located below the critical strain line and are less than 1%.

scholarly journals Contactless Video-Based Heart Rate Monitoring of a Resting and an Anesthetized Pig

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Meiqing Wang ◽  
Ali Youssef ◽  
Mona Larsen ◽  
Jean-Loup Rault ◽  
Daniel Berckmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Window Functions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Better Than

Heart rate (HR) is a vital bio-signal that is relatively easy to monitor with contact sensors and is related to a living organism’s state of health, stress and well-being. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm to extract HR (in beats per minute) of an anesthetized and a resting pig from raw video data as a first step towards continuous monitoring of health and welfare of pigs. Data were obtained from two experiments, wherein the pigs were video recorded whilst wearing an electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring system as gold standard (GS). In order to develop the algorithm, this study used a bandpass filter to remove noise. Then, a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method was tested by evaluating different window sizes and window functions to accurately identify the HR. The resulting algorithm was first tested on videos of an anesthetized pig that maintained a relatively constant HR. The GS HR measurements for the anesthetized pig had a mean value of 71.76 bpm and standard deviation (SD) of 3.57 bpm. The developed algorithm had 2.33 bpm in mean absolute error (MAE), 3.09 bpm in root mean square error (RMSE) and 67% in HR estimation error below 3.5 bpm (PE3.5). The sensitivity of the algorithm was then tested on the video of a non-anaesthetized resting pig, as an animal in this state has more fluctuations in HR than an anaesthetized pig, while motion artefacts are still minimized due to resting. The GS HR measurements for the resting pig had a mean value of 161.43 bpm and SD of 10.11 bpm. The video-extracted HR showed a performance of 4.69 bpm in MAE, 6.43 bpm in RMSE and 57% in PE3.5. The results showed that HR monitoring using only the green channel of the video signal was better than using three color channels, which reduces computing complexity. By comparing different regions of interest (ROI), the region around the abdomen was found physiologically better than the face and front leg parts. In summary, the developed algorithm based on video data has potential to be used for contactless HR measurement and may be applied on resting pigs for real-time monitoring of their health and welfare status, which is of significant interest for veterinarians and farmers.

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