scholarly journals Contactless Video-Based Heart Rate Monitoring of a Resting and an Anesthetized Pig

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Meiqing Wang ◽  
Ali Youssef ◽  
Mona Larsen ◽  
Jean-Loup Rault ◽  
Daniel Berckmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Window Functions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Better Than

Heart rate (HR) is a vital bio-signal that is relatively easy to monitor with contact sensors and is related to a living organism’s state of health, stress and well-being. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm to extract HR (in beats per minute) of an anesthetized and a resting pig from raw video data as a first step towards continuous monitoring of health and welfare of pigs. Data were obtained from two experiments, wherein the pigs were video recorded whilst wearing an electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring system as gold standard (GS). In order to develop the algorithm, this study used a bandpass filter to remove noise. Then, a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method was tested by evaluating different window sizes and window functions to accurately identify the HR. The resulting algorithm was first tested on videos of an anesthetized pig that maintained a relatively constant HR. The GS HR measurements for the anesthetized pig had a mean value of 71.76 bpm and standard deviation (SD) of 3.57 bpm. The developed algorithm had 2.33 bpm in mean absolute error (MAE), 3.09 bpm in root mean square error (RMSE) and 67% in HR estimation error below 3.5 bpm (PE3.5). The sensitivity of the algorithm was then tested on the video of a non-anaesthetized resting pig, as an animal in this state has more fluctuations in HR than an anaesthetized pig, while motion artefacts are still minimized due to resting. The GS HR measurements for the resting pig had a mean value of 161.43 bpm and SD of 10.11 bpm. The video-extracted HR showed a performance of 4.69 bpm in MAE, 6.43 bpm in RMSE and 57% in PE3.5. The results showed that HR monitoring using only the green channel of the video signal was better than using three color channels, which reduces computing complexity. By comparing different regions of interest (ROI), the region around the abdomen was found physiologically better than the face and front leg parts. In summary, the developed algorithm based on video data has potential to be used for contactless HR measurement and may be applied on resting pigs for real-time monitoring of their health and welfare status, which is of significant interest for veterinarians and farmers.

Vibration signal diagnosis and analysis of rotating machine by utilizing cloud computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-413
Author(s):  
Zhe Mi ◽  
Tiangang Wang ◽  
Zan Sun ◽  
Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Fault Prognosis ◽  
Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Vibration signal diagnosis and analysis plays an important role in the industrial machinery since it enhances the machinery performance under supervision. The information regarding the future condition is given by vibration diagnosis techniques which is growing interest for the scientific and industrial communities. Information for failure diagnostic and prediction are provided by the motor vibration through signal processing. The development of mechanical systems fault prognosis and in the last decades, research is done at a very rapid rate. The examination of vibration signal monitoring is done in this paper with the aid of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Cloud Technology (CT). The machines maintenance strategies are implemented by using the data collected from machines which are based on the fault prognosis. The cloud computing platform is presented in this paper which is having three layers and the unlabelled data is received to generate an interpreted online decision. Feature extraction of the vibration signal is obtained in terms of range, mean value, root mean square value, and standard deviation and crest values. The performance of the model is evaluated by utilizing the classical statistical metrics such as RMSE Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the vibration signal. It is obtained that the proposed technique is 25% and 90% better than the Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System and the Single Modeling System respectively in terms of RMSE. The performance in terms of MAPE, then the proposed technique outperforms the existing Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System and the Single Modeling System by 8 % and 60% respectively. The presented technique is better than the existing Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System and the Single Modeling techniques by average of 15% and 30 % respectively.

scholarly journals Posisi Ibu Hamil Memengaruhi Akurasi Pengukuran Kesejahteraan Janin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Minarti Minarti ◽  
Risnawati Risnawati
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Value

During pregnancy, the fetal heart rate is a picture of the well-being of the fetus in the womb. The mother's position affects the results of the assessment when taking measurements of the fetal heart rate. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of the measurement of fetal well-being based on the position of pregnant women. This type of research is analytic observational in Wajo Health Center, Katobengke Health Center, and Sulaa Health Center, from April - August 2019. The population in this study were all pregnant women registered in the KIA book. The research sample consisted of 60 respondents using inclusion criteria. The data analysis uses univariate analysis. The results showed there were differences in the value of the fetal heart rate measurements for each position. The average value (min-max) of DJJ measurement with the lying position (supine) 128-158 times per-minute, mean value 138.81 times per-minute; sitting position 124-158 times per-minute, mean value 143.41 times per-minute; standing position 126-159 times per-minute, mean value 145.58 times per minute. In a sitting and lying position, the resulting heart rate is in the normal range of 120-140 times per-minute; in a standing position, the heart rate obtained 150-160 times per-minute has the potential for tachycardia. The conclusion of this study is that the position of pregnant women affects the results of fetal heart rate measurement and the good position of the FHR measurement when lying on her back

scholarly journals The Willingness of Residents to Pay for Improving Air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Sana Akhtar ◽  
Aiman Riaz ◽  
Faiza Noor ◽  
Umaima Zainab ◽  
Faryal Asim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Air pollution has become one of the major emerging issues of the 21st century. It is a serious problem for almost every developing country. Due to the rapid increase in population and industrialization, the problem of air pollution has become more serious. Various environmentalists and scientists have conducted a variety of studies and surveys to know about the current situation and further how to deal with these situations. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the willingness of people living in the Southern region of Lahore to pay for improving the air quality. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (version 20.0) was applied to determine the relationship between willingness to pay and powerful factors. A short time later stepwise, a linear regression model was built to determine the amount of positive Willingness to pay and to predict the mean value of Willingness to pay. The frequency and percentage of each variable were also determined through SPSS. The results revealed that out of 400 questionnaires filled by the citizens 82% of the citizens of southern Lahore showed positive response as they were in favor of Willingness to pay for improved air quality which shows their deep concern about the rising issue. And only 18% were not ready for Willingness to pay for improved air quality, the only reason for this negative response was the unawareness among the citizens. This shows that more awareness is required to create more knowledge among the citizens of Southern Lahore that bad air quality has so many depressing impacts on their health and well-being.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICA DO FETO E DO MEIO INTRA-UTERINO DURANTE O ÚLTIMO MÊS DE GESTAÇÃO EM ÉGUAS PURO SANGUE INGLÊS (PSI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. TULLIO ◽  
L.E. KOZICKI ◽  
A.W.C. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fetal Activity ◽  
The Mean

Com o objetivo de avaliar o diâmetro da aorta fetal, freqüência cardíaca fetal, atividade fetal, ecogenicidade dos líquidos alantóide amniótico e espessura da unidade feto-placentária, trinta e oito éguas Puro-Sangue Inglês (PSI) com gestações saudáveis foram examinadas por ultra-sonografia. O valor médio da freqüência cardíaca fetal variou de 73,05 ± 2,99 bat/min aos 300-330 dias de gestação para 70,05 ± 1,88 bat/min a partir de 330 dias de gestação. O valor médio do diâmetro da aorta fetal foi 23,69 ± 1,66 mm e a média da atividade fetal foi 2,03 ± 0,19. A espessura da unidade feto-placentária apresentou valores médios de 8,70 ± 0,92 mm para 300-330 dias, e 9,57 ± 0,49 mm para 330 dias até o parto. O valor médio para a ecogenicidade do líquido amniótico foi 1,96 ± 0,27, e para o líquido alantóide foi 1 ± 0. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetus and intrauterine environment in the last month of pregnancy in thoroughbred mares Abstract Thirty eight thoroughbred mares with normal pregnancies were subjected to transabdominal and transrectal sonography from 300 days of gestation up to the term in order to evaluated fetals aortic diameter, heart rate and activity, as well as the amniotic and allantoic fluids ecogenicity and the thickness of the uterus and placenta unit. The mean fetal heart rate values varied from 73,05 ± 2,99 beats/minute at 300-330 days of pregnancy to 70,05 ± 1,88 beats/minute from 330 days of pregnancy up to the term. The mean value for fetal aortic diameter was 23,69 ± 1,66 mm and for fetal activity was 2,03 ± 0,19. The uterus and placenta thickness displayed mean values of 8,70 ± 0,92 mm and 9,57 ± 0,49 mm at 300-330 days of pregnancy mm and at 330 days of pregnancy up to the term, respectively. The mean values for amniotic fluid ecogenicity and for allantoic fluid were found to be 1,96 ± 0,27 and 1,0, respectively. These evaluations can be used as normal values in order to evaluate fetal well-being.

scholarly journals Measurement of respiratory rate using wearable devices and applications to COVID-19 detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Natarajan ◽  
Hao-Wei Su ◽  
Conor Heneghan ◽  
Leanna Blunt ◽  
Corey O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

AbstractWe show that heart rate enabled wearable devices can be used to measure respiratory rate. Respiration modulates the heart rate creating excess power in the heart rate variability at a frequency equal to the respiratory rate, a phenomenon known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia. We isolate this component from the power spectral density of the heart beat interval time series, and show that the respiratory rate thus estimated is in good agreement with a validation dataset acquired from sleep studies (root mean squared error = 0.648 min−1, mean absolute error = 0.46 min−1, mean absolute percentage error = 3%). We use this respiratory rate algorithm to illuminate two potential applications (a) understanding the distribution of nocturnal respiratory rate as a function of age and sex, and (b) examining changes in longitudinal nocturnal respiratory rate due to a respiratory infection such as COVID-19. 90% of respiratory rate values for healthy adults fall within the range 11.8−19.2 min−1 with a mean value of 15.4 min−1. Respiratory rate is shown to increase with nocturnal heart rate. It also varies with BMI, reaching a minimum at 25 kg/m2, and increasing for lower and higher BMI. The respiratory rate decreases slightly with age and is higher in females compared to males for age <50 years, with no difference between females and males thereafter. The 90% range for the coefficient of variation in a 14 day period for females (males) varies from 2.3–9.2% (2.3−9.5%) for ages 20−24 yr, to 2.5−16.8% (2.7−21.7%) for ages 65−69 yr. We show that respiratory rate is often elevated in subjects diagnosed with COVID-19. In a 7 day window from D−1 to D+5 (where D0 is the date when symptoms first present, for symptomatic individuals, and the test date for asymptomatic cases), we find that 36.4% (23.7%) of symptomatic (asymptomatic) individuals had at least one measurement of respiratory rate 3 min−1 higher than the regular rate.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Meditation buffers medical student compassion from the deleterious effects of depression.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S Mascaro ◽  
Sean Kelley ◽  
Alana Darcher ◽  
Lobsang Negi ◽  
Carol Worthman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Wait List ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Second Year

Increasing data suggest that for medical school students the stress of academic and psychologicaldemands can impair social emotions that are a core aspect of compassion and ultimately physiciancompetence. Few interventions have proven successful for enhancing physician compassion inways that persist in the face of suffering and that enable sustained caretaker well-being. To addressthis issue, the current study was designed to (1) investigate the feasibility of cognitively-basedcompassion training (CBCT) for second-year medical students, and (2) test whether CBCT decreasesdepression, enhances compassion, and improves daily functioning in medical students. Comparedto the wait-list group, students randomized to CBCT reported increased compassion, and decreasedloneliness and depression. Changes in compassion were most robust in individuals reporting highlevels of depression at baseline, suggesting that CBCT may benefit those most in need by breakingthe link between personal suffering and a concomitant drop in compassion

Evaluation of Normal Heart Rate in Early Pregnancy Corresponding to Gestational Age between Six to Eight Weeks

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Bikranta Rimal ◽  
Tarannum Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Normal Heart Rate ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: Ultrasonography is the reliable and safe way for the evaluation of pregnancy. Heart rate can be detected more confidently from the Ultrasonography. Heart rate is an important parameter for the evaluation of early pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal heart rate in embryos/fetuses between 6 and 8 weeks of gestation.Method: In our region people are poor and most of them do not know the benefit of regular follow up examination during pregnancy. So most of pregnant women come to our centre at late stage of pregnancy. The number of pregnancy cases is good in our centre but the number of early pregnancy cases coming to regular follow up examination is low. Thus the study was conducted in 51 normal singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. The duration of study was 6 weeks.Result: Out of 51 singleton pregnancies, 20 cases (39.2%) heart rate were between 131-150 beat per minute and 25 cases (49.0 %) heart rate were between 151-170 beat per minute. However 4 cases (7.8%) were between 110-120 beat per minute and 2 cases (3.9%) were more than 171 beat per minute. There were zero cases above the 180 beat per minute.Conclusion: The result of this study will help to evaluate abnormal and normal fetal heart rate so that early clinical decision whether to continue the pregnancy or terminate it can be taken, as Ultrasonography is only the method used in screening fetal well being in most of the region of our country.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 34-37

The Alternatives to War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The Face ◽  
Normative Issues ◽  
Better Than

If states are not to go to war, what should they do instead? In The Alternatives to War: From Sanctions to Non-violence, James Pattison considers the case for the alternatives to military action to address mass atrocities and aggression. He covers the normative issues raised by measures ranging from comprehensive economic sanctions, diplomacy, and positive incentives, to criminal prosecutions, non-violent resistance, accepting refugees, and arming rebels. For instance, given the indiscriminateness of many sanctions regimes, are sanctions any better than war? Should states avoid ‘megaphone diplomacy’ and adopt more subtle measures? What, if anything, can non-violent methods such as civilian defence and civilian peacekeeping do in the face of a ruthless opponent? Is it a serious concern that positive incentives can appear to reward aggressors? Overall, Pattison provides a comprehensive account of the ethics of the alternatives to war. In doing so, he argues that the case for war is weaker and the case for many of the alternatives is stronger than commonly thought. The upshot is that, when reacting to mass atrocities and aggression, states are generally required to pursue the alternatives to war rather than military action. Pattison concludes that this has significant implications for pacifism, Just War Theory, and the responsibility to protect doctrine.

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