Effect of Arraying Patterns of Diamond Grits on the Grinding Forces of Mono-Layer Brazed Diamond Tool

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Feng Lin Zhang ◽  
Meng Jia He ◽  
Yu Mei Zhou ◽  
Hui Ping Huang ◽  
Jing Ming Fan
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Tool ◽  
Concentric Circle ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Mono Layer ◽  
Grinding Processes ◽  
Diamond Grinding ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
The Mean

Four uniform patterns include grid (GD), concentric circle (CC), spiral (SL) and uniformly random (UR) and one non-uniform (NUR) pattern of diamond grits are designed to fabricate mono-layer brazed diamond grinding tools. The grinding forces of five tools in the cut-in and the stable grinding processes are tested and compared. The results showed that NUR tool has the higher lateral and normal grinding forces than that of other uniformly tools in the cut-in and the stable grinding processes. GD owns the lower and smoother grinding forces than that of other tools in the cut-in process. In the stable grinding process the mean grinding forces of UR tool, namely FLM and FZM, are higher than that of GD, CC and SL tools. And normally CC and SL tools own the lower grinding forces than that of GD tool, especially at the higher feeding speed.

Effect of Arraying Patterns of Diamond Grits on the Wear of the Mono-Layer Brazed Diamond Tool

2011 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Zhou ◽  
Feng Lin Zhang ◽  
Meng Jia He ◽  
Hui Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Diamond Tool ◽  
Diamond Grit ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Mono Layer ◽  
Wet Grinding ◽  
Diamond Grinding ◽  
Dry Grinding

. In this paper three uniformly arraying patterns (GD, CC and UR) and one non-uniformly arraying pattern (NUR) of diamond grits are used to fabricate the mono-layer brazed diamond grinding tools. The wear characteristics of those grinding tools are compared. It is found that NUR tool wears faster than other uniformly arrayed tools in the wet grinding. The protrusion of diamond grits on NUR tool is much lower than that on GD, CC and UR tool after 20 h of wet grinding. By tracking one diamond grit’ wear processes on CC and NUR tools in the dry grinding respectively, it is found that the diamond grit on NUR tool is worn with the form of macro-fracture firstly, then is polished with large flattened area. However, the wear of diamond grit on CC tool keeps in a form of micro-fracture and a slow wear rate.

Wear of Brazed Diamond Wheel in Grinding of Cemented Carbide

2009 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Ji Zhan ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Xi Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Vacuum Brazing ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Force Components

Grinding forces, protrusion height, grinding temperatures and wear of diamond grits have been studied in grinding cemented carbide YG8 with a single-layer vacuum brazed diamond wheel. The experiment results indicate that the primary wear progression of diamond grits in the whole grinding process follows the mode of whole diamonds, flat diamonds when grinding of the cemented carbide. The worn mechanism of the failure of diamond grits was discussed and possible solutions are recommended. The proportions of diamond conditions and the mean protrusion height of grains are more closely related to grinding forces and grinding temperatures. The grinding forces, force ratio and grinding temperatures decreased with the increasing proportions of whole crystal and the decreasing mean protrusion height of diamond grits, and the tangential and normal force components increased with the gradual wear of the brazed diamond wheel during a long-time grinding process. It shows great potential in improving thermal damage of cemented carbides by reduces grinding temperature with vacuum brazing diamond wheels.

Effects of the Wear Characteristics of Brazed Diamond Grits on Grinding Forces

2007 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Ji Zhan ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Xi Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Force ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Diamond Grit ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Force Components

Grinding forces, protrusion and wear of diamond grit have been studied in grinding granite with a single-layer brazed diamond wheel. The experiment results indicate that the primary wear progression of diamond grits in the whole grinding process follows the mode of whole, micro-fractured, macro-fractured and pull-out when grinding granite with the brazed diamond wheel. The proportions of the whole, fractured, pull-out, break flat and the mean height protrusion of grains are more closely related to grinding forces. The grinding forces decreased with the increasing proportions of whole and break flat grains, and the tangential and normal force components increased with the gradual wear of the brazed diamond wheel during a long-time grinding process.

Prozessüberwachung beim ultraschallunterstützten Schleifen*/Influence of the tool-workpiece contact on the ultrasonic amplitudes in the grinding process

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
J. Bruckhoff ◽  
E. Uhlmann
Keyword(s):  
High Hardness ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Grinding Processes ◽  
Technical Ceramics

Hinsichtlich Zähigkeit verbesserte technische Keramiken führen in Kombination mit der materialspezifischen hohen Härte dieser sprödharten Werkstoffe zu Herausforderungen bei der Bearbeitung. Das präzise sowie wirtschaftliche Bearbeiten geschieht daher vorwiegend mit Schleifverfahren. Die Ultraschallunterstützung kann die Produktivität von Schleifprozessen erhöhen. In-Prozess-Messungen der Ultraschallamplitude sollen Aufschluss über die Wechselwirkungen von Werkstück und Werkzeug geben.   Due to improved toughness and material-specific high hardness of technical ceramics, the machining of these brittle-hard materials is challenging. Therefore, precise and economical processing is mainly done by grinding. Ultrasonic support can increase the productivity of grinding processes. In-process measurement of ultrasonic amplitudes provides information about the interaction between the workpiece and the tool.

Grinding Performance of Porous Diamond Wheels on Different Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3191-3197
Author(s):  
Qiu Lian Dai ◽  
Can Bin Luo ◽  
Fang Yi You
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Abrasive Grain ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Medium Porosity ◽  
The One

In this paper, metal-bonded diamond wheels of different sized abrasive grain with different porosity were fabricated. Grinding experiments with these wheels on three kinds of materials were carried out under different grinding conditions. Experimental results revealed that wheel with high porosity (38%) had smaller grinding forces and specific energy than the one with a medium porosity (24%) on grinding G603. However, on grinding harder materials like Red granite or ceramics of Al2O3, the wheel with 38% porosity had bigger grinding forces and specific energy than the wheel with 24% porosity. Both wheels exhibited good self-sharpening capability during the grinding process of G603 and Red granite, but on grinding ceramics of Al2O3 the wheel with 38% porosity displayed in dull state during the grinding process . With the same porosity, the grinding forces of the wheel with a grain size of 230/270 US mesh were lower than the one with a grain size of W10 when grinding Red granite and ceramics of Al2O3. However revising results were obtained on grinding G603.

scholarly journals Modeling of Vibration Condition in Flat Surface Grinding Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amon Gasagara ◽  
Wuyin Jin ◽  
Angelique Uwimbabazi
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Vibration Condition

This article presents a new model of the flat surface grinding process vibration conditions. The study establishes a particular analysis and comparison between the influence of the normal and tangential components of grinding forces on the vibration conditions of the process. The bifurcation diagrams are used to examine the process vibration conditions for the depth of cut and the cutting speed as the bifurcation parameters. The workpiece is considered to be rigid and the grinding wheel is modeled as a nonlinear two-degrees-of-freedom mass-spring-damper oscillator. To verify the model, experiments are carried out to analyze in the frequency domain the normal and tangential dynamic grinding forces. The results of the process model simulation show that the vibration condition is more affected by the normal component than the tangential component of the grinding forces. The results of the tested experimental conditions indicate that the cutting speed of 30 m/s can permit grinding at the depth of cut up to 0.02 mm without sacrificing the process of vibration behavior.

Near Optimal Grinding Process Design Using Neural Network and Real Coded Genetic Algorithm

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Mukherjee ◽  
Pradip Kumar Ray
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Back Propagation Neural Network ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Grinding Processes ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm

A typical grinding process is an essential manufacturing operation and has been considered to be a precise and economical means of shaping the parts into the final products with required surface finish and high dimensional accuracy. The need to economically process hard and tough materials which can withstand varying stress conditions to ensure prolonged service life of parts has become a real challenge for researchers and practitioners. In this context, with the advance development and automation of grinding processes, use of appropriate modelling and optimization techniques has been continually emphasized. In view different types of end product and process requirements in grinding processes, optimization often becomes non-linear, multiple response constrained problem with multi-modal distribution of response quality characteristics. The objective of this study is to apply back propagation neural network modelling technique for prediction of a computer numeric-controlled (CNC) rough grinding process behaviour, and thereby determine overall near optimal process design using real coded genetic algorithm. The study proposes an integrated approach using back propagation neural network algorithm, composite desirability function, and real-coded genetic algorithm. The effectiveness and suitability of the approach is determined based on data analysis of a single-pass 6-cylinder engine liner CNC rough grinding (honing) operation in a leading automotive manufacturing unit in India.

Development of Three-Dimensional Dynamometer for Wafer Grinder

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Long Zhu ◽  
Ren Ke Kang ◽  
Yong Qing Wang ◽  
Dong Ming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Good Repeatability

Grinding forces during grinding silicon wafer have great influences on the accuracy, surface quality and grinding yield of the wafer. It is necessary to develop an accurate and reliable grinding dynamometer for measuring and monitoring the grinding process of the large and thin wafer. In this work, a new 3D (three-dimensional) grinding dynamometer using piezoelectric sensors is designed and developed, which is used for a wafer grinder based on wafer rotating grinding method. The calibrating experiments of the 3D grinding dynamometer are carried out. The FEA and modal analysis are made and compared with the results of mode testing. Furthermore, the static performance parameters of the dynamometer are obtained from the loading experiment. The experiment results indicate that the 3D grinding dynamometer can measure axial, radial and tangential grinding force of grinding wheel with high sensitivity, good linearity, good repeatability and high natural frequency, and fully satisfied requirement for measuring and monitoring of the grinding force in wafer grinding process.

ANALYSIS OF WHEEL WEAR USING FORCE DATA IN SURFACE GRINDING

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Warkentin ◽  
Robert Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Force Data

Grinding involves many randomly shaped and distributed abrasive grains removing material from a workpiece. Wheel wear results when these grains dull, fracture or break away. As a result, grinding forces are time-varying. In order to automate and optimize the grinding process an understanding of how forces are generated and change during grinding is critical to avoid workpiece damage, surface finish deterioration, cracking, excessive heat generation, and excessive residue stresses. This paper builds upon the existing grinding literature by studying the relationships between wheel wear and grinding forces for different depths of cut when surface grinding mild steel with an aluminum oxide wheel.

scholarly journals Modified Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure: Suture-Button Fixation Achieves Excellent Remodeling at 3-Year Follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Zhenhan Deng ◽  
Weimin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humeral Head ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Concentric Circle ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Latarjet Procedure ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Suture Button ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Fit

Background: Some studies have advocated the use of suture-button fixation during the Latarjet procedure to reduce complications associated with screw fixation. However, the sample size of these studies is relatively small, and their follow-up period is short. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of the suture-button Latarjet procedure with at least 3 years of follow-up and remodeling of the coracoid graft. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 152 patients who underwent the suture-button Latarjet procedure between February 2013 and February 2016 were selected, and 128 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative clinical results were assessed. The position and healing condition of the coracoid graft and arthropathy of the glenoid and humeral head were also assessed using radiography and 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT). Results: The mean follow-up time was 40.3 ± 5.8 months. There were 102 patients included in this study. The mean visual analog scale score for pain during motion, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, the Rowe score, and the Walch-Duplay score were improved considerably. A total of 100 grafts achieved bone union. The overall absorption rate was 12.6% ± 4.3%. Graft absorption mostly occurred on the edge and outside the “best-fit” circle of the glenoid. A vertical position was achieved in 98 grafts (96% of all cases) immediately postoperatively, with the mean graft midline center at the 4 o’clock position. In the axial view, CT showed that 89 grafts were flush to the glenoid, whereas 2 and 11 grafts were fixed medially and laterally, respectively. In all cases, the bone graft and glenoid tended to extend toward each other to form concentric circles during the remodeling process. During follow-up observations, the height of the 11 grafts that were positioned laterally (ie, above the glenoid level) exhibited a wave-curved change. No arthropathy was observed in any patient. Conclusion: Patient outcomes were satisfactory after the modified arthroscopic suture-button Latarjet technique. Graft absorption mostly occurred on the edge and outside the “best-fit” circle of the glenoid. The graft exhibited the phenomenon of ectatic growing when it fused with the glenoid and finally remodeled to a new concentric circle with the humeral head analogous to the original glenoid. Grafts positioned laterally did not cause arthropathy of the joints within the period of the study.

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