Variables Involved in the Planting of Rice in the Rice Husk

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
J.L. Akasaki ◽  
E.J. Silva ◽  
L.C. Sousa ◽  
J.L.P. Melges ◽  
M.M. Tashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Different Origins

Rice production in Brazil in 2010 was approximately 12,2 million tons, and to reach that amount several planting techniques were used with different strains of rice in different rice-growing areas. Since Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is the pozzolan of vegetable origin most studied by researchers working in the area of pozzolanic materials, the present paper evaluates the influence that the form of planting, the climate, the soil, the strain of rice and the origin/amount of nitrogen-based fertilizers used in rice cultivation has on the chemical composition and crystallographic properties of RHA. The results obtained in this paper, confirm the importance of carrying out routine chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction to maintain the quality control of the CCAs produced, because in situations of large-scale production, husks of different origins may be used.

A New Synthetic Route to Nano Metal Oxides

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Jin Hua Yao ◽  
Shu Bao Jin ◽  
Li Jun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Key Steps

Strong alkali anion exchange resin was employed as a hydroxyl source in the synthesis. OH- releasing rates were easily controlled by varying precursor salts, salt concentrations and temperatures, etc. The ratio between the nucleation speed and the speed of oxide crystallite growth was adjusted to favor the anisotropic growth of the crystal. Zinc and aluminum nano-sized oxide were obtained in various morphologies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize the products. It is ascertained that the surface reaction on the resin and the mechanical grinding are the key steps in controlling the product morphology. The results show the flexibility and possibility of large scale production of various nano metal oxides and as well as mixed oxides.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO2/SERICITE COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH FAVORABLE PIGMENTS PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950039 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU LIANG ◽  
WANTING CHEN ◽  
GUANG YANG ◽  
HAO DING ◽  
XIFENG HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
The Cost

A unique method of preparing TiO2/sericite composite particles material was investigated by coating anatase TiO2 on the surface of sericite via chemical precipitation method. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that TiO2 coated uniformly on the surface of sericite, and Si-O-Ti chemical bonds are formed during the thermal treatment process. The hiding power of Ti/SE-CPM composite is up to 85% of TiO2 white pigments, and the oil absorption value was equal to TiO2 white pigments. All these data demonstrated that the obtained Ti/SE-CPM samples have similar excellent properties compared with anatase TiO2 white pigments. Therefore, this study provides a feasible way of reducing the usage of TiO2 while maintaining similar pigment properties, which, of course, will reduce the cost, protect our environment and has a potential application in large-scale production of white pigments.

Low-Temperature Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using the HDDR Process for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
F.G. Benitez Jara ◽  
P. D. V. Cruz ◽  
Lusinete Pereira Barbosa ◽  
J.C.S. Casini ◽  
S. K. Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxide Powder ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production

In the present work, attempts of reducing a graphene oxide powder using a low temperature hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and the recombination process (L-HDDR) has been carried out. A lower processing temperature in large scale production is significant when costs are concerned. Graphite oxide was prepared using a modified Hummers’ method dispersed in ethanol and exfoliated using ultrasonication to produce Graphene Oxide (GO). Investigations have been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results of L-HDDR processing graphene oxide powder, using unmixed hydrogen at 400°C and relatively low pressures (<2 bars) have been reported. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a reduction of graphene oxide with the L-HDDR process. The results showed that both processes, the L-HDDR as well as the standard HDDR, may be applied to the reduction of graphene oxide in order to produce supercapacitor materials. The advantage of employing the L-HDDR process is a relatively low temperature reducing the cost of treatment, what is a very important factor for producing a large amount of material. Thus, the L-HDDR process has been considered a promising alternative method of reducing graphene oxide with efficiency, with the possibility of large scale production.

A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide using Sodium Humate

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xiang ◽  
Jiguo Huang ◽  
Honggang Zhao ◽  
Chengjia Liu ◽  
Xingjuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Humate ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene

AbstractA green and simple chemistry approach was demonstrated to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using sodium humate (SH) as the reducing agent. Without using toxic and harmful chemicals, this method is environmentally friendly and suitable for the large-scale production of graphene. At first, the improved Hummers method to oxidize graphite for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was applied, and then the as-prepared GO was reduced by SH to form rGO. Characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and Raman spectra. The intensity ratio of the D and G band (I

Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Dhirendra Singhal ◽  
Rinku Walia ◽  
Ajay Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

Comparison between Rice Husk Ash and Commercial Silica as Filler in Polymeric Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Janaína Fernandes ◽  
Daiane Calheiro ◽  
Emanuele Caroline Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Roxane Oliveira ◽  
Tatiana Louise Avila de Campos Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Sources

The use of rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in polymeric materials has been studied in different polymers. Research reported that RHA may successfully replace silica. The silica production process using ore demands high energy input and produces considerable amounts of waste. Therefore, the replacement of silica by RHA may be economically and environmentally advantageous, reducing environmental impact and adding value to a waste material. In this context, this study characterizes and compares RHA of different sources (moving grate and fluidized bed reactor) with commercially available silicas to assess performance as filler in polymeric materials. Samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, loss on ignition, X-ray diffraction, grain size, specific surface area, specific weight, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that RHA may be used as a filler in several polymeric materials.

scholarly journals Solidification and Leachability of Cr (VI) in Rice Husk Ash-Blended Cement

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Investigations carried out to study the effect of Cr (VI) (1000–3000 mg/l) on solidification and hydration behavior of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash (RHA) blended (10%, 20%, and 30%) cement show that addition of RHA accelerates final setting as compared to control samples (OPC) and retardation in setting time has been observed on increase in rice husk ash concentration (10%–30%). Solidification studies show that the compressive strength of controls and rice husk ash blended samples increases with increase in the curing period and maximum strength was observed with 20% RHA blended samples. With the increase in Cr (VI) concentrations, the strength of OPC and RHA blended samples decreases as compared to controls (without chromium). The results of Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test, (pH≅3), show that the retention capacity of OPC and RHA blended samples was in the range of 92% to 99% and the leached Cr (VI) concentration was under the allowable limit (5 mg/l) of U.S. EPA. The chemistry of influence of Cr (VI) on hydration of cement was examined by X-ray diffraction which shows the formation of various crystalline phases during solidification in rice hush ash blended cement.

scholarly journals SPINE-compatible `carboloops': a new microshaped vitreous carbon sample mount for X-ray and neutron crystallography

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Romoli ◽  
Estelle Mossou ◽  
Maxime Cuypers ◽  
Peter van der Linden ◽  
Philippe Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
High Standards

A novel vitreous carbon mount for macromolecular crystallography, suitable for neutron and X-ray crystallographic studies, has been developed. The technology described here is compatible both with X-ray and neutron cryo-crystallography. The mounts have low density and low background scattering for both neutrons and X-rays. They are prepared by laser cutting, allowing high standards of production quality, the ability to custom-design the mount to specific crystal sizes and large-scale production.

Programmatics of large scale production of silicon pore optics for future x-ray telescopes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kraft ◽  
M. Collon ◽  
M. W. Beijersbergen ◽  
M. Bavdaz ◽  
D. H. Lumb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Effects of Rice Husk Ash–Magnesium Oxide Addition on Wear Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Matrix Hybrid Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Abbas Y. Awad ◽  
Mohammed N. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed K. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

A336.0 aluminum alloy used to fabricate hybrid composites using rice husk ash (RHA) and MgO particles as reinforcement. The influence of the particles on the wear behavior of A336.0 aluminum alloy as a matrix that reinforced with MgO and RHA was investigated. Firstly, the rice husk burned at 700°C and then heat treated at 1100°C for 2 hrs. The ash characterized by X-ray florescence and X-ray diffraction. Less than 53 and 125 micron are the particle sizes of MgO and RHA respectively. The hybrid composites manufactured using stir casting method in two steps. A336.0 aluminum alloy reinforced with 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3 and 0:4 of RHA: MgO with 10 wt% total reinforcement phase. Optical microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the prepared hybrid composites. Dry sliding wear, hardness, apparent density, percentage of porosity and coefficient of friction were examined. Results indicated that porosity, apparent density and hardness enhanced with increasing MgO, while increasing wt% of RHA decreased the apparent density. Results indicated that with inceasing the applied load the wear rate of the composites was enhanced. Coefficient of friction varies inversely with applied load and wt% of RHA. Hardness increased with increasing RHA while the friction coefficient and the wear rate decreased. The minimum wear rates were at 10% RHA and Al-alloy-(RHA-MgO) [3:1] composites, while the minimum friction coefficients were at 10% RHA composites.

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