Non-Destructive Testing with Ultrasound in Rails and Ship Plates

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
Panagiotis I. Chatzifotis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Pulse Echo Method

This paper deals with finding of defects, such as cracks, breakdowns and inclusions in rails and in ship plates, by ultrasound technique. Pulse echo method and twin beams technique is some of the ultrasonic inspection methods we have used for thickness measurements and for inspection of the welds. Initially, the thickness of rails and ship plates was measured by ultrasound devices using straight beam transducers and then the weldings of these samples were checked by using angle beam transducers.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Cementitious Materials Using the Prism Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-212
Author(s):  
Rahma Messaoudi ◽  
Cherif Bouzerira ◽  
Morad Grimes ◽  
Hocine Oucief
Keyword(s):  
Mode Conversion ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Pulse Echo Method ◽  
Made In

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that the non-destructive testing has proved the exceptional role in supervising the quality of concrete. Today, they represent an alternative that contributes to the resolution of materials diagnostic problems without altering them. This work presents an experimental study using a pulse-echo method that has the advantage of generating two types of wave (compressional and shear) by a mode conversion using just one transducer. The samples were made in a prismatic form. The results recovered from backscattered echoes are extracted using an estimation algorithm. These data were exploited to determine velocities of the tested material then the reflection coefficients for related them with the compressive strength. The tests were conducted with six samples with varied water/cement ratio. The results obtained showed that the prism technique has the potential to evaluate characteristics cementitious material using this proposed process.

Use of Image Analysis for Non-Destructive Testing of Thermoformed Food Packages

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-607
Author(s):  
O. Ekşi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the thickness distribution of a food package using a non-destructive method. Initially, thickness measurements were carried out using an experimental procedure for thermoformed samples that were used for food packaging. Additionally, in this study, image analysis was used for the first time to determine the thickness distribution of the thermoformed products non-destructively. Image analysis software was employed for the estimation of thickness distribution. Measured thickness results were compared to those estimated using image analysis. Based on the results of the current study, image analysis may be an alternative method for non-destructive testing of thermoformed food packages even in a mass production line. Image analysis can be used to determine not only thickness distribution but also the weakest regions in a food package.

Parametric optimization of pulse-echo laser ultrasonic system for inspection of thick polymer matrix composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Abetew ◽  
TC Truong ◽  
SC Hong ◽  
JR Lee ◽  
JB Ihn
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Laser Ultrasonic ◽  
Ultrasonic Signals ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Non Destructive

One of the main challenges of using laser ultrasonic techniques for non-destructive testing applications is the typically low signal-to-noise ratio of the laser ultrasonic signals. In the case of thick composite structures, this is even more problematic since composite materials have very strong sound attenuation. This article investigates the effects of laser beam size and profile to the amplitude of pulse-echo laser ultrasonic signals with the constraint that the peak energy density (fluence) must be kept constant under the thermal damage threshold of material like polymer matrix composites. Such constraint is very important for the non-destructive feature of non-destructive testing, yet in a number of the existing parameter studies of laser ultrasonics, it was not fully investigated. In this article, a series of A-scan and C-scan experiments on thick composite specimens shows that the amplitude of the direct waves and the reflected waves increases with the increase in laser beam size with constant peak energy density. This amplitude enhancement significantly improves the propagation depth, thereby optimizing the system for inspection of thick composite structures. The validity of experimental results is verified theoretically by solving the thermoelastic model of epicenter displacement using Laplace–Hankel transformation.

Investigation of Interaction of Laser Generated Lamb Waves With Structures of Interest

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
I. Charles Ume
Keyword(s):  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

Laser generation/EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) reception ultrasonic inspection technique shows a great promise in the field of Non-Destructive Testing of welds due to its non-contact nature. However, the broadband nature of laser generation and the dispersive characteristic of Lamb waves make the laser generated ultrasonic signals in thin structures extremely complicated. In order to ease the interpretation of received signals, it is desirable to investigate the interactions of different structural features with Lamb waves and find their related signatures in signal, which offers the potential to detect different types of weld defects using a single test procedure. This work proposed a technique based on 2-D Fourier Transformation to investigate the laser generated Lamb waves experimentally and to find the most sensitive predictors in EMAT received signals corresponding to a specific structural feature of interest. The amplitudes of different Lamb wave modes in the wave-number/frequency domain provide a wealth of information. The demonstration of the technique was carried out on aluminum plates with isolated rectangular notches of different depths. The procedure introduced here is general which can be employed in other applications of Non-Destructive Testing.

High-Efficiency Remote Measurement of Pipe Defect Using RF/UT Technologies: A Theoretical Analysis Part One — Straight Beam UT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam M. Alobaidi ◽  
Eric Sandgren
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Signal Velocity ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Calibration Condition

This analysis has established a new hybrid RF/UT system for non-destructive testing of pipe walls for pipe wall thinning (PWT) in order to predict location, and enable measurement of the depth of defect by combining the group velocity method and calibration condition. A simulation of microwave (MW) behavior in a 91% brass waveguide (762mm pipe, Young’s Modulus 102KN/mm2) was developed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The model included a frequency band of 1.283GHz for the TMnm mode (TM01 and TM21), with a sweeping frequency from 0.70GHZ to 2.00GHz. The model includes 14 instances of full-circumferential PWT, regularly spaced along the length of the waveguide with step-width of 50.8mm on center. For each we have modeled four cases of increasing PWT (5.08mm, 10.16mm, 15.24mm and 20.32mm). Considering the measurement with MW as a prediction of the location of the PWT, rather than a measurement, we can guide a straight-beam UT probe to the position predicted by MW, and use the appropriate signal velocity ultrasound to accurately measure the depth to defect from the outer surface of the pipe. The straight beam UT is found to be no better at determining the geometry of the defect than MW, but the accurate depth to defect (DDO) measurement would allow estimation of the volume of the PWT.

Evaluation of near-drum thinning data in recovery boiler generating bank tubes

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
W.B.A. SANDY SHARP ◽  
W.A. BILLY JONES
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Non Destructive

Near-drum thinning affects the fireside surface of recovery boiler generating bank tubes near the surface of the mud drum. Although sophisticated thickness scanning equipment has been developed to rapidly make tens of thousands of thickness measurements in the portion of a tube that is vulnerable to near-drum thinning, methods for using these data to evaluate fitness-for-service have not shown similar advances. Non-destructive testing companies typically use a technician’s subjective judgment to identify the “thinnest reliable" thickness measurement on each tube. Some mills decide whether tubes can continue in operation or should be plugged or replaced based on this single thickness measurement. However, finite element analysis of the remaining strength of individual tubes thinned in the near-drum area suggests that it is essentially impossible to identify the weakest tubes from simple empirical rules. In the absence of an industry standard for evaluating these data, different mills could reach different conclusions about the fitness-for-service of a tube from the same data set. This paper reviews the technology for scanning the thickness of generating bank tubes and discusses approaches that have been used to identify the tubes most weakened by near-drum thinning and to evaluate the fitness-for-service of individual tubes.

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