Study on the Improvement of Microprism Retroreflective Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Wen Kun Zhu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Chang Ying Yuan ◽  
Rui Min Diao
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Light Cone ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Positive Unit ◽  
Diamond Blade ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Mode

In this paper, the microprism reflective structure is optimized by theoretical research and simulation calculations, and based on the current technology of V-shaped diamond blade manufacturing mode, an improved microprism retroreflective material is designed. By adjusting the intensity distribution and angle of the light cone, we can control the style of light cone which is formed by the reflected light for optimal reflective effect. The microprism reflective structure contains the positive unit and negative unit. The negative unit relative to the positive unit is rotated 60° for producing phase superposition to reduce the non-uniform of the material orientation. Cutting along a straight line by V-shaped diamond blade, the technology creates a plurality of higher-precision and smaller reflective elements and enhances the retroreflective performance. Meanwhile, the overall processing technology which reduces labor force greatly is beneficial to the cost control and highly practical during the fabrication process. Keywords: microprism retroreflective material, improvement and optimization

scholarly journals Influence of inflation on long-term economic growth in the context of the raw material orientation of the national economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Aizhan Omarova ◽  
Zhanar Oralbaeva ◽  
Assel Turlybekova ◽  
Assiya Marat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Cost

In modern conditions for Kazakhstan, it becomes important to choose a development model that would be the most optimal and effective. When developing a model of economic policy, special attention should be paid to the choice of a system of indicators that could adequately describe macroeconomic processes as a whole and their interconnections. At the same time, economists argue that the implementation of the model approach can become the basis for strategic decisions only in a stable economic situation and when in the period under review the change in the cost structure of GDP is not distorted by high inflation. Therefore, in modern conditions of economic development, in our opinion, it is of interest to study the relationship between economic growth and the level of current and threshold inflation. This study substantiates the role of the threshold inflation level and proposes an equation of the functional dependence of this indicator on the main economic indicators. The necessary conditions for the implementation of the inflation targeting regime are disclosed. It is concluded that in conditions of commodity dependence, new effective monetary policy instruments are required.

Analysis of Shortest Path Routing for Large Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.10) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms S.Girija ◽  
Mrs S.Kayathri ◽  
Ms S.Meena
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Concurrent System ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Cost

In the concurrent system, each node avails as a packet over the network depends on the length of the node. The length of the node generated through straight line routing algorithm. The cost of routing depends on the shortest path routing algorithm. The shortest path is determined by the cost of a distance from one node to another over the network. The capacity of a network is balanced and maintained by the straight routing. The traffic and cost is balanced over the network by using the algorithms.   

scholarly journals ANALISIS DURASI dan PERHITUNGAN BIAYA PENYUSUTAN (DEPRESIASI) ALAT BERAT EXCAVATOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Dian Febrianti ◽  
Zakia Zakia
Keyword(s):  
Unit Price ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Price Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Town ◽  
Selection Factor ◽  
Straight Line Method

Keberhasilan suatu  proyek dilihat dari keuntungan yang didapatkan dan kecepatan dalam menyelesaikan proyek tersebut, sehingga faktor pemilihan alat berat sangat penting dalam keberhasilan suatu proyek. Biaya penggunaan alat berat yang tinggi, berpengaruh pada konstribusi alat berat terhadap pelaksanaan proyek maka permasalahan yang timbul pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya dan waktu penggunaan salah satu alat berat, yaitu excavator. Permasalahan diatas mendasari penelitian ini untuk mencari durasi penggunaan alat berat excavator dengan metode barchart untuk mengetahui berapa lama durasi penggunaannya dan selanjutnya menghitung biaya penyusutan (depresiasi) alat berat dengan menggunakan metode garis lurus untuk mengetahui nilai sisa alat setelah pemakaian alat dan yang terakhir untuk menghitung biaya penggunaan alat berat menggunakan Analisis Harga Satuan Pekerjaan (ASHP). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pekerjaan timbunan pilihan pada proyek peningkatan jalan alun-alun suka makmue - jalan lingkar timur ibu kota tahap II kabupaten Nagan Raya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode barchart maka diperoleh waktu penggunaan alat berat pada pekerjaan timbunan pilihan adalah  excavator 36 hari. Selanjutnya  hasil perhitungan depresiasi alat berat mengalami penurunan nilai asetnya adalah excavator  tipe hitachi Rp.136.000.000/tahun, excavator tipe komathatsu Rp.53.000.000/tahun, dan terakhir hasil mehitung biaya sewa penggunaan alat berat adalah excavator tipe hitachi sebesar Rp.365.300/hari, excavator tipe komathatsu sebesar Rp.409.400.,00/hari. Kesimpulan yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah pengunaan alat berat yang optimal dapat mengghemat penggunaan biaya sewa alat berat.Kata kunci : Alat berat, Durasi, DepresiasiThe success of a project is seen from the benefits obtained and the speed in completing the project, so that the selection factor of heavy equipment is very important in the success of a project. The cost of using heavy equipment is high, affecting the contribution of heavy equipment to the implementation of the project, the problems that arise in this study aim to analyze the cost and time of use of one of the heavy equipment, namely an excavator. The above problems underlie this study to find the duration of the use of excavator heavy equipment with the barchart method to determine how long the duration of use and then calculate the depreciation of heavy equipment using the straight-line method to determine the remaining value of the tool after use of the tool and the last to calculate the cost heavy equipment use using Job Unit Price Analysis (ASHP). This research was carried out on selected heap work on a road improvement project in the town square like makmue - the eastern ring road of the second stage capital of Nagan Raya district. Based on the results of calculations using the barchart method, it is obtained the time of heavy equipment usage on the selected pile job is 36 days excavator. Furthermore, the calculation of the depreciation of heavy equipment experienced a decrease in the value of its assets are hitachi type excavators Rp. 136,000,000 / year, komathatsu type excavators Rp. 53,000,000 / year, and finally the result of calculating the rental cost of heavy equipment is hitachi type excavators Rp.365,300 / day, komathatsu type excavators of Rp. 409,400 .00 / day. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the optimal use of heavy equipment can save the use of heavy equipment rental costs.Keywords: Heavy equipment, Duration, Depreciation

scholarly journals Thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Orest Voznyak ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Yurkevych ◽  
Iryna Sukholova ◽  
Oleksandr Dovbush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Thermally Conductive ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the results of theoretical research to achieve the maximum effect in determination of the economically feasible level of buildings thermal protection. It must be optimal both thermally and economically, an indicator of which there are the costs. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the maximum effect when different thermal insulating materials are used. The aim is to increase the efficiency of energy saving measures, reduce their cost by optimizing the cost of thermal energy and insulating materials, determining the optimization criteria and justification for choice the optimal insulating material and its thickness, and determining the optimal thermal resistance, identifying ways to improve energy efficiency and substantiation of the calculation method. One of the most common thermal renovation measures, namely insulation of external walls, is considered. An economic assessment has been conducted, which is an important factor in a certain energy-saving proposition. The solution of the problem is presented, which includes two stages. The result of the first stage is the selection of the optimal heat-insulating material. The second stage is a substantiation of economically expedient thickness of the heatinsulating material. The obtained results make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy saving in thermal renovation of buildings taking into account both energy and economic aspects. In this paper the results of mathematical provement of such factor importance as the thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating material at their thickness optimization are presented. Determining for the establishment of the normative thermal resistance in the future is the ratio of the cost of thermal energy to the thermal conductivity of the insulating material.

scholarly journals The Practical Aspects of Local Development of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Travel Companies

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Ewa Kulińska ◽  
Monika Odlanicka-Poczobutt
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Effective Transfer ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The aim of this publication is to present the effects of one of the projects conducted in Opole Province, titled “The effective transfer of knowledge from science to industry in Opole Province” and its impact on the practical aspects of the local development of entrepreneurship and innovation in travel companies. The presented material constitutes an attempt to answer the research problems associated with the introduced innovations. These problems have been formulated as the following questions: Is the GPS functional enough to significantly improve transportation services? Does the cost of implementing the system not exceed the profits it generates? Does the use of GPS in performing transportation services cost-effective also for small businesses? Is a company that uses the GPS able to meet the increasing customer expectations? How can a business benefit as a result of implementing the system? To verify this objective, theoretical research tools were used, such as: analysis, synthesis, generalizations, and comparisons. In terms of practical methods, the following found application: observation method (gathering information on companies, interviews with employees, analysis of documents) and analytical method.

Conflicts between Random Flights in a Given Area

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ratcliffe ◽  
R. L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Complex Scheme ◽  
Rudimentary Form ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

This paper, which was presented at a meeting of the Institute in London on 2o May 1981, with Captain R. Maybourn in the Chair, describes some studies of the conflicts arising between a multiplicity of aircraft in straight-line flight through a volume of airspace. Topics include the effect of coercing traffic to fly fixed routes, the direction from which a threat can be expected and the choice of alerting criterion for a groundbased advisory service or an airborne collision-warning system. There are some analogies, perhaps, with marine traffic problems.There exists, worldwide, a complex scheme for the segregation and control of various classes of air traffic. To fit into this scheme aircraft must make detours, horizontally and/or vertically, the cost of which in Europe alone must be at least £50M per annum. The cost of the rare failures in traffic management is higher still. To authors trained in electronic engineering it is therefore rather surprising that the published theory of air traffic management and control is still in a rather rudimentary form.

scholarly journals Introductory remarks

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Norbert Kroó
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Topical Problem ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Straight Lines

The logo of the Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (iASK) refers to a more than 100 – year old, but still topical problem: how to join 9 dots arranged in a box - like square format with four straight lines without lifting the pen. The solution is only possible if, while moving the pen, we get out of the box. The box in fact does not exist, it is only a self imposed virtual limitation. Even more, the task can be solved also by using just one straight line, the only problem is that in order to achieve that the earth has to be circled twice. But why not circle the earth twice? We certainly have to consider the cost/benefit aspect as well but the lesson must not be forgotten: we shoud think twice before calling the solution of a task impossible

Research on Resource Allocation Evaluation of Service-Oriented Manufacturing Enterprise Based on DEA

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
Xuan Guo Xu ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Evaluation Problem ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Mode

Abstract: Service-oriented manufacturing is a new manufacture mode. In order to solve the problem of resource allocation evaluation of service-oriented manufacturing enterprise, a Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) mathematical model based on cost-benefit was constructed in this approach. The resource allocation evaluation problem was mapped to the cost-benefit analysis problem by using DEA, considering the characteristics of the service-oriented manufacturing mode, taking enterprise T as the example to analysis self-supporting allocation cost and cost-benefit value of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises to verify the applicability of the model. Finally, according to the recent five years’ situation of enterprise T, the optimization strategy of resource allocation was given.

DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE IN MANUFACTURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
DAVID W. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Repair Process ◽  
System Level ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Distributed Intelligence ◽  
Front End ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information

This paper describes an information system that was architected to enable front end distributed intelligence in a real manufacturing environment. By distributing intelligence to the most robust components of the system, data can be preserved at the cost of very real-time information. In order for the system as a whole to function this way, each software component was fitted with watchdog agent and granted system level access to the operating system so that it could detect and repair itself and other tasks in the event of a failure. During the repair process, the appropriate data collection processes were granted a level of autonomy that preserved data integrity. The paper is quite practical and designed as a case study rather than a theoretical research paper, although the techniques and principles applied are the result of much study.

Discussion on the Application of Activity-Based Costing in Virtual Manufacturing Cell Mode

2014 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lv ◽  
Ling Ling Xiong ◽  
Wen Min Han
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Virtual Manufacturing ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
New Production ◽  
Manufacturing Cell ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Mode

As a new development of cell manufacturing mode, virtual manufacturing cell (VMC) has complied with the new production organization requirements of current production efficiency and production flexibility improving synchronously, and it presents new characteristics in terms of cost accounting and cost control. Traditional cost methods present some shortcomings in VMC mode. For these situations, this paper discusses the advantages of activity-based costing (ABC) in VMC mode and improves traditional ABC to better meet the cost accounting requirements of VMC. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the basic use of the improved ABC in VMC mode.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document