Analysis of Material Solutions of Exterior Walls with Contact Thermal Insulation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vilčeková ◽  
Anna Sedláková ◽  
Eva Kridlova-Burdova ◽  
Ladislav Ťažký
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Heating Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Nowadays, heating energy demand has become a significant estimator used during the design stage of any new building. The residential building sector consumes a significant amount of fossil fuel energy and thereby produces a large percentage of greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming and climate change. The aim of the paper is analysis of thermo-physical and environmental parameters of proposed versions of exterior wall structures.

scholarly journals PCSP’s Diagonal Tie Connectors Thermal Bridges Impact on Energy Performance and Operational Cost: Case Study of a High-Rise Residential Building in Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 08006
Author(s):  
Martin Kiil ◽  
Martin-Sven Käärid ◽  
Paul Klõšeiko ◽  
Karl-Villem Võsa ◽  
Raimo Simson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Heating Energy Demand ◽  
Air Circulation

This study analyses the effect of air circulation around diagonal tie connectors in precast sandwich panels on heating energy demand, energy performance value and heating costs of a sample residential building. Dynamic simulations were performed using 4 different climatic boundary conditions: Estonian test reference year, Estonian 48-year weather dataset as well as data from Eastern Germany and Northern Finland. The results show that the effect of the thermal bridge is most noticeable in total room heating energy demand (increase of 10.3%), while the influence on energy performance value was 1.1%. The relative increase of total room heating energy demand was similar (7.0-10.3%) in all studied climatic regions.

Environmental impacts and resource use from Australian pork production determined using life cycle assessment. 2. Energy, water and land occupation

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Wiedemann ◽  
Eugene J. McGahan ◽  
Caoilinn M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
National Average ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Utilisation of water, energy and land resources is under pressure globally because of increased demand for food, fibre and fuel production. Australian pork production utilises these resources both directly to grow and process pigs, and indirectly via the consumption of feed and other inputs. With increasing demand and higher costs associated with these resources, supply chain efficiency is a growing priority for the industry. This study aimed to quantify fresh water consumption, stress-weighted water use, fossil fuel energy use and land occupation from six case study supply chains and the national herd using a life cycle assessment approach. Two functional units were used: 1 kg of pork liveweight (LW) at the farm-gate, and 1 kg of wholesale pork (chilled, bone-in). At the farm-gate, fresh water consumption from the case study supply chains ranged from 22.2 to 156.7 L/kg LW, with a national average value of 107.5 L/kg LW. Stress-weighted water use ranged from 6.6 to 167.5 L H2O-e /kg LW, with a national average value of 103.2 L H2O-e /kg LW. Fossil fuel energy demand ranged from 12.9 to 17.4 MJ/kg LW, with a national average value of 14.5 MJ/kg LW, and land occupation ranged from 10.9 to 16.1 m2/kg LW, with a national average value of 16.1 m2/kg LW and with arable land representing 97% to 99% of total land occupation. National average impacts associated with production of wholesale pork, including impacts from meat processing, were 184 ± 43 L fresh water consumption, 172 ± 53 L H2O-e stress-weighted water, 27 ± 2.6 MJ fossil fuel energy demand and 25.9 ± 5.5 m2 land/kg wholesale pork. Across all categories through to the wholesale product, resource use was highest from the production of feed inputs, indicating that improving feed conversion ratio is the most important production metric for reducing the resource use. Housing type and energy generation from manure management also influence resource use requirements and may offer improvement opportunities.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Energy Assessment of a Monolithic Aerogel Glazing Unit for Building Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Buratti ◽  
Elisa Moretti ◽  
Elisa Belloni ◽  
Michele Zinzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
New Production ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Rapid Supercritical Extraction ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

In the last few decades, the attention of researchers has been focused on the characterization of aerogels in order to improve the thermal performance of transparent building envelopes. Granular aerogel is already spread in the market thanks to the easy manufacturing system, whereas the difficulty in producing monoliths without defects, cracks, and inhomogeneity limited the diffusion of monolithic aerogel systems. A new production process for the monolithic panels was developed at Union College (Schenectady, NY, USA); it is a rapid supercritical extraction technique which allows a reduction in production time (only a few hours) and results in less solvent waste. Panes with maximum dimensions of about 100 × 100 mm were fabricated and composed in a unique glazing system, with external dimensions 300 × 300 mm. The thermal characterization of the innovative monolithic aerogel glazing system (simple float glazing 4.7-mm-thick monolithic aerogel pane 15-mm-thick simple float glazing 4.7 mm thick), which was carried out by means of a Small Hot Box apparatus, showed a thermal transmittance value of about 1.1 W/(m2K). Data was used in dynamic simulations of a typical non-residential building. They showed that the new investigated solution allows a valuable reduction with respect to a low-e double glazing system in terms of heating energy demand (about 5–7% for Helsinki, 8–12% for Paris, and 10–15% for Turin), for different window-to-wall ratios.

scholarly journals Stochastic RCM-driven cooling and heating energy demand analysis for residential building

2022 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 111764
Author(s):  
Chuyin Tian ◽  
Guohe Huang ◽  
Joseph M. Piwowar ◽  
Shin-Cheng Yeh ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Demand Analysis ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

Economic Optimization of a Cogeneration System for Apartments in Korea

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyonUk Seo ◽  
Jinil Sung ◽  
Si-Doek Oh ◽  
Hoo-Suk Oh ◽  
Ho-Young Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Optimum Configuration ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

A cogeneration system which can be used as a distributed generation source produces electricity and heat energy simultaneously from a single source of fuel. For industrial and domestic applications, where both kinds of energy are required, the cogeneration system can return fossil fuel energy savings up to 30%, and can reduce CO2 emissions correspondingly as compared with a conventional system. In this study, eight apartments with residential areas in the range of 7200 m2 to 18200 m2 were chosen to study how much energy savings can be achieved by adoption of the cogeneration system in those apartments. Based on the energy demand data for heat and electricity, an optimum configuration of the cogeneration system for each apartment was determined by a developed computer program. The economic gain achieved by introducing the cogeneration system in those apartments was estimated and the monitored values compared with the estimated ones. By adoption of the cogeneration system, the fossil fuel saved was more than 30% and an average economic gain of $3.6/m2 per year was obtained.

Solar Thermal Energy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

The Sun’s spectrum on Earth is modified by the atmosphere, and is harvested either by generating heat for direct use or for running heat engines, or by quantum absorption in solar cells, to be discussed later. Focusing of sunlight requires tracking of the Sun and is defeated on cloudy days. Heat engines have efficiency limits similar to the Carnot cycle limit. The steam turbine follows the Rankine cycle and is well developed in technology, optimally using a re-heat cycle of higher efficiency. Having learned quite a bit about how the Sun’s energy is created, and how that process might be reproduced on Earth, we turn now to methods for harvesting the energy from the Sun as a sustainable replacement for fossil fuel energy.

scholarly journals Heating and Cooling Degree-Days Climate Change Projections for Portugal

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Cristina Andrade ◽  
Sandra Mourato ◽  
João Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

Climate change is expected to influence cooling and heating energy demand of residential buildings and affect overall thermal comfort. Towards this end, the heating (HDD) and cooling (CDD) degree-days along with HDD + CDD were computed from an ensemble of seven high-resolution bias-corrected simulations attained from EURO-CORDEX under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). These three indicators were analyzed for 1971–2000 (from E-OBS) and 2011–2040, and 2041–2070, under both RCPs. Results predict a decrease in HDDs most significant under RCP8.5. Conversely, it is projected an increase of CDD values for both scenarios. The decrease in HDDs is projected to be higher than the increase in CDDs hinting to an increase in the energy demand to cool internal environments in Portugal. Statistically significant linear CDD trends were only found for 2041–2070 under RCP4.5. Towards 2070, higher(lower) CDD (HDD and HDD + CDD) anomaly amplitudes are depicted, mainly under RCP8.5. Within the five NUTS II

scholarly journals Energy Rating of Buildings to Promote Energy-Conscious Design in Israel

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Abraham Yezioro ◽  
Isaac Guedi Capeluto
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
New Buildings

Improving the energy efficiency of existing and new buildings is an important step towards achieving more sustainable environments. There are various methods for grading buildings that are required according to regulations in different places for green building certification. However, in new buildings, these rating systems are usually implemented at late design stages due to their complexity and lack of integration in the architectural design process, thus limiting the available options for improving their performance. In this paper, the model ENERGYui used for design and rating buildings in Israel is presented. One of its main advantages is that it can be used at any design stage, including the early ones. It requires information that is available at each stage only, as the additional necessary information is supplemented by the model. In this way, architects can design buildings in a way where they are aware of each design decision and its impact on their energy performance, while testing different design directions. ENERGYui rates the energy performance of each basic unit, as well as the entire building. The use of the model is demonstrated in two different scenarios: an office building in which basic architectural features such as form and orientation are tested from the very beginning, and a residential building in which the intervention focuses on its envelope, highlighting the possibilities of improving their design during the whole design process.

Resource use and environmental impacts from Australian export lamb production: a life cycle assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
M.-J. Yan ◽  
C. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) investigating energy, land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fresh water consumption and stress-weighted water use from production of export lamb in the major production regions of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The study used data from regional datasets and case study farms, and applied new methods for assessing water use using detailed farm water balances and water stress weighting. Land occupation was assessed with reference to the proportion of arable and non-arable land and allocation of liveweight (LW) and greasy wool was handled using a protein mass method. Fossil fuel energy demand ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 MJ/kg LW, fresh water consumption from 58.1 to 238.9 L/kg LW, stress-weighted water use from 2.9 to 137.8 L H2O-e/kg LW and crop land occupation from 0.2 to 2.0 m2/kg LW. Fossil fuel energy demand was dominated by on-farm energy demand, and differed between regions and datasets in response to production intensity and the use of purchased inputs such as fertiliser. Regional fresh water consumption was dominated by irrigation water use and losses from farm water supply, with smaller contributions from livestock drinking water. GHG emissions ranged from 6.1 to 7.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW and additional removals or emissions from land use (due to cultivation and fertilisation) and direct land-use change (due to deforestation over previous 20 years) were found to be modest, contributing between –1.6 and 0.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW for different scenarios assessing soil carbon flux. Excluding land use and direct land-use change, enteric CH4 contributed 83–89% of emissions, suggesting that emissions intensity can be reduced by focussing on flock production efficiency. Resource use and emissions were similar for export lamb production in the major production states of Australia, and GHG emissions were similar to other major global lamb producers. The results show impacts from lamb production on competitive resources to be low, as lamb production systems predominantly utilised non-arable land unsuited to alternative food production systems that rely on crop production, and water from regions with low water stress.

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