Properties of Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Nitrile Glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) Blends: The Effects of Recycled Nitrile Glove (rNBRg) Particle Sizes

2016 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Z. Nik Yahya ◽  
Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Minimum Torque

The effects of different particle sizes of recycled nitrile glove (rNBRg) on curing characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/recycled nitrile glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) blends were investigated. The particle sizes of rNBRg were differentiated by the method of sizing. S1 was obtained by cutting the rNBRg into smaller sheets; S2 was obtained by passing rNBRg through 2 rolls mill for 10 times; and S3 was obtained by passing rNBRg through 2 rolls mill for 10 times and then mechanically grinded. NR/SBR/rNBRg blends were prepared at 50/30/20 composition using two roll mill at room temperature, with different particle sizes, rNBRg (S1), rNBRg (S2) and rNBRg (S3). Curing characteristics (scorch time, cure time, minimum torque and maximum torque), tensile properties and physical properties (crosslink density, resilience and hardness) of the blends were investigated. Results indicated that scorch time, cure time and minimum torque decreased as the rNBRg particle size decreased, while maximum torque and crosslink density increased. Tensile strength of the blends decreased as the rNBRg particle size reduced, which explained the formation of holes on the surfaces of tensile fracture, observed by scanning electron microscope. The rigidity of NR/SBR/rNBRg blends increased when smaller rNBRg particles were used, which explained the increased in hardness and decreased in resilience of the blends.

Effect of Recycled Nitrile Glove (rNBRg) Particle Sizes on Curing Characteristics and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Nitrile Glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Z. Nik Yahya ◽  
Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Minimum Torque

Effects of different particle sizes of recycled nitrile glove (rNBRg) on curing characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/recycled nitrile glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) blends were studied. The particle sizes of rNBRg were differentiated by the method of producing. S1 was obtained by cutting the rNBRg (whole glove) into smaller sheet; S2 was obtained by passing rNBRg through 2 rolls mill for 10 times; S3 was obtained by passing rNBRg through 2 rolls mill for 10 times and then mechanically grinded. NR/SBR/rNBRg blends were prepared at 50/30/20 composition using two roll mill at room temperature, with different particle sizes, rNBRg (S1), rNBRg (S2) and rNBRg (S3). Scorch time, cure time, minimum torque, maximum torque, crosslink density and hardness of the blends were examined. Results indicated that scorch time, cure time and minimum torque decreased as the rNBRg particle size decreased, while maximum torque and crosslink density increased. The rigidity of NR/SBR/rNBRg blends increased when smaller rNBRg particles were used, which explained the increased in hardness and decreased in resilience of the blends.

Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Nitrile Glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) Ternary Blend: Curing Characteristics and Swelling Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Z. Nik Yahya ◽  
N.Z. Noimam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
Santiagoo Ragunathan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Minimum Torque

Curing characteristics and swelling behavior of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/recycled nitrile glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) blends were investigated. Eleven composition ratio; 50/50/0, 50/40/10, 50/30/20, 50/20/30, 50/10/40, 50/0/50, 40/50/10, 30/50/20, 20/50/30, 10/50/40, and 0/50/50 of SMRL/SBR/rNBRg with the size of rNBRg ; 2.5 3.0 cm2 were prepared by using two roll mill at room temperature. Cure characteristics such as scorch time,t2, cure time,t90, minimum torque, ML, maximum torque, MH, and swelling behavior of SMRL/SBR/rNBRg ternary blends were examined. Results indicated that the scorch time and maximum torque of the NR/SBR/rNBRg blends decreased with increasing rNBRg content. The minimum torque of the blends increased as rNBRg content increased. The cure time of NR/SBR/rNBRg blends show a unique trend, which are depending on the domain rubber content. The increment in rNBRg content decreased the crosslink density of NR/SBR/rNBRg blends.

Evaluation of silane effect as a coupling agent for metakaolin

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Alessandra de Alencar Padua Gabino ◽  
Cléverson Fernandes Senra Gabriel ◽  
Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa ◽  
Cristina Russi Guimarães Furtado ◽  
Bluma Guenther Soares
Keyword(s):  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Silica Sample ◽  
Automobile Tire ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This study aimed at evaluating the coupling effect of silane Si69 bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide in metakaolin (MK) in automobile tire tread compounds based on a styrene–butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber blend. A reference compound of a typical tread recipe, filled with silica and carbon black, was used as a reference due to the acknowledged effect of TESPT in silica incorporation in elastomers. A silica sample without silane was also prepared. Silica was then completely substituted by MK, producing two samples, with and without silane. The samples were tested for crosslink density, rheometry, and morphology, and the vulcanization reaction parameters were determined and evaluated. Silane improved the interaction between MK and the polymer matrix, evidenced by the increase in crosslink density and vulcanization reaction rate, the same effect silane causes on silica-filled composites. Morphology also revealed that silane increased MK dispersion and adhesion to rubber. On the other hand, MK seems not to be as reinforcing as silica, considering that maximum torque is related to the stiffness of the material, with MK exhibiting lower values for this parameter.

The Effects of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) on the Cure Characteristics and Swelling Behaviour of Activated Carbon Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Vulcanizates

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Processing Aids

Compatibilizer is one of the processing aids used for rubber compounding which helps the incorporation of filler in rubber. In this study, the effect of trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) as compatibilizer on the cure characteristics and swelling behaviour of activated carbon filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates were studied as a function of TOR loading. Both uncompatibilized and compatibilized SBR vulcanizates with different TOR loading (2, 4, 6 and 8 phr) were prepared using two-rolls mill at room temperature. It was observed that the cure time (tc90) of compatibilized SBR vulcanizates was shorter than that of the uncompatibilized SBR vulcanizate and decreased with increasing of TOR loading up to 6 phr. The minimum torque (ML) of the uncompatibilized SBR vulcanizate was lower compared to the compatibilized vulcanizates. In contrast, the uncompatibilized SBR vulcanizate has higher maximum torque (MH) compared to the compatibilized SBR vulcanizates. As the TOR contents increased, the ML increased but MH gradually decreased. It was also reported that the value of cure rate index (CRI) of the compatibilized SBR vulcanizates increased with the increment in addition of TOR. The result also showed that the compatibilized SBR vulcanizates had lower crosslink density than that of the uncompatibilized SBR vulcanizate and slightly decreased with increasing TOR loading.

scholarly journals CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND CROSSLINK DENSITY OF NATURAL RUBBER/STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER BLENDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, the cure characteristics and crosslink density of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blends were studied with a blend ratio from 0 to 100% rubber. The scorch time, optimum cure time, and torque difference value of the blended rubber compounds were determined by using the Moving-Die Rheometer (MDR 2000). The crosslink density was determined by the Flory—Rehner approach. Results indicate that the scorch and cure times, ts2 and t90, of the NR/SBR blends increased with increasing the SBR content. Whilst, the maximum values of torque difference and crosslink density were performed by the NR/SBR blend with a blend ratio of 75/25.

Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Recycled Acrylonitrile – Butadiene Rubber Blends (EPDM/rNBR): Effect of the Addition of Bamboo Fillers

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Z. Norhafizah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Torque

Cure characteristics and physical properties of EPDM/rNBR filled bamboo fillers were studied. Results indicated that the addition of bamboo fillers has significant effects on EPDM/rNBR blends. The scorch time, t2decreased up to 25 phr fillers loading but increased further to 50 phr fillers loading. Cure time, t90increases as the increase in bamboo fillers in the blends. At a similar blend ratio fine sizes bamboo fillers in EPDM/rNBR (S1: ≤125μm) exhibited higher value of t2ad t90compared to EPDM/rNBR (S2: 125-250μm & S3: 250-500μm). The minimum torque, MLalso increases with increasing bamboo fillers in the blend. Meanwhile, the maximum torque, MHof the EPDM/rNBR filled bamboo fillers were in contrast. The hardness and degree of crosslink density of the blends increased with the increase in bamboo fillers and reduce percentage of resilience at all blends. The fine sizes of bamboo fillers contributed to the better properties compared to the coarse sizes and medium sizes.

Particle Size, Structure and Powdering Process of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Filled Powdered Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Zhou Da Zhang ◽  
Xue Mei Chen ◽  
Guo Liang Qu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
New Particles

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) filled powdered styrene-butadiene rubber (P(SBR/CaCO3) was prepared by adding nano-CaCO3 particles, encapsulant and coagulant to styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex by coacervation, and the particle size distribution, structure were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the (P(SBR/CaCO3) particle structure, and a powdering model was proposed to describe the powdering process. The process includes: (i) the latex particles associated with the dispersed nano-CaCO3 particles (adsorption process) to form “new particles” and (ii) the formation of P(SBR/CaCO3) by coagulating “new particles”. The SEM results also shown that the nano-CaCO3 and rubber matrix have formed a macroscopic homogenization in the (P(SBR/CaCO3) particles and nano-CaCO3 dispersed uniformly in the rubber matrix with an average diameter of approximately 50 nm.

Novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber/acrylic rubber blends to improve mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and swelling behavior for oil sealing applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110313
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Hakim ◽  
Soma A el-Mogy ◽  
Ahmed I Abou-Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Blending of rubber is an important route to modify properties of individual elastomeric components in order to obtain optimum chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is made by employing acrylic rubber (ACM) to obtain blends of outstanding mechanical, dynamic, and oil resistance properties. In order to achieve those properties, we used a unique vulcanizing system that improves the crosslink density between both polymers and enhances the dynamic mechanical properties as well as its resistance to both motor and break oils. Static mechanical measurements, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness are improved together with dynamic mechanical properties investigated using dynamic mechanical analyses. We also proposed a mechanism for the improvement of crosslink density and consequently oil resistance properties. This opens new opportunities for using SBR/ACM blends in oil sealing applications that requires rigorous mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon-black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient sulphur vulcanisation system, the effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were investigated. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR compounds. The ALK loadings were 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the CB-filled SBR compounds. ALK also improved the tensile modulus and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. The crosslink density measurement proved that the 5.0 phr of ALK exhibited the highest degree of crosslink density which caused the highest in tensile modulus and tensile strength. Due to its plasticity effect, ALK increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR vulcanisates.

Studies on Dicumyl Peroxide Vulcanization of Styrene—Butadiene Rubber in Presence of Sulfur and 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Das ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The effect of sulfur, MBT, zinc oxide, and stearic acid on the DCP vulcanization of SBR has been studied. DCP decomposition obeys first order kinetics in all cases, but its rate constant is higher in presence of MBT. Sulfur and MBT reduce the crosslink density due to DCP. In the mixes containing sulfur, MBT, zinc oxide, and stearic acid in presence of DCP the crosslink density is initially additive. Here oxidation of some pendent vinyl groups are effected by DCP, and these groups also take part in thiol addition reaction with MBT. The thiazole accelerated sulfuration of SBR proceeds fundamentally by the same mechanism as reported for NR, but the details show slight difference chiefly due to the presence of pendent vinyl groups and styrene units in the chain and due to the absence of pendent methyl groups in SBR.

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