Development of Transparent Electrodes Using Graphene Nano-Ink and Post-Consumer PET Bottles for Electrochromic Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Duangamol Ongmali ◽  
Pongsatorn Sriboonpeng ◽  
Sarinee Prompanut ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Transparent Substrate ◽  
Electrochromic Windows ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Pet Film

Electrochromism refers to the reversible change of color of thin films due to a small change in the voltage. This is important for smart windows and display applications. The color change takes place because of intercalation and deintercalation of ions, which is controlled by voltage applied between transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers. In this research, the use of graphene nano-ink and post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles as the flexible electrochromic windows was reported. PET film was coated with graphene ink by spin coating method. The sheet resistance value of PET/graphene electrode was 19 W/sq. The polypyrrole (PPy) also was electroactive and had good adhesion towards transparent substrate. Our results primarily indicated that the novel PET/graphene/PPy/graphene/PET electrochromic device offered an optical modulation, in which the color of the device switched from the black color to the yellow color under the applied potential at ± 2.0 V. The graphene in the electrochromic device demonstrated a potential for replacing indium tin oxide (ITO) in flexible electrochromic windows.

Preparation and Electrochromic Properties of Polythiophene Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Zhong ◽  
Xue Quan Zhao ◽  
Li Guan ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Wen Ji Deng
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Electrochromic Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Doping ◽  
Polythiophene Derivative

Polythiophene derivatives, poly(2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2″′:5″′,2″″-quinquethiophene) (P5T), poly (2,3,4,5-tetrathiopenyl-thiophene) (PX5T) and poly(1,3,5-tristhienyl-benzene) (P3TB), were prepared via the electropolymerization. The electrochromic properties of polythiophene derivative films were investigated. The results showed that P5T, PX5T and P3TB films exhibited reversible, clear colour change in liquid electrolyte on electrochemical doping and dedoping. Moreover, solid state electrochromic device, indium tin oxide (ITO)/polythiophene derivative films/conducting gel /ITO, were fabricated with polythiophene derivative films as the active electrochromic layer. The color change of polythiophene derivative films based on gel electrolyte on electrochemical doping and dedoping were similar with the color change based on liquid electrolyte.

scholarly journals Dual-Cation Electrolytes Crosslinked with MXene for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Soyoung Bae ◽  
Youngno Kim ◽  
Jeong Min Kim ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Fast Response Time ◽  
Coloration Efficiency ◽  
Conduction Pathway

MXene, a 2D material, is used as a filler to manufacture polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity because of its unique sheet shape, large specific surface area and high aspect ratio. Because MXene has numerous -OH groups on its surface, it can cause dehydration and condensation reactions with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and consequently create pathways for the conduction of cations. The movement of Grotthuss-type hydrogen ions along the cation-conduction pathway is promoted and a high ionic conductivity can be obtained. In addition, when electrolytes composed of a conventional acid or metal salt alone is applied to an electrochromic device (ECD), it does not bring out fast response time, high coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast simultaneously. Therefore, dual-cation electrolytes are designed for high-performance ECDs. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amine lithium salt (LiTFSI) was used as a source of lithium ions and PSSA crosslinked with MXene was used as a source of protons. Dual-Cation electrolytes crosslinked with MXene was applied to an indium tin oxide-free, all-solution-processable ECD. The effect of applying the electrolyte to the device was verified in terms of response time, coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast. The ECD with a size of 5 × 5 cm2 showed a high transmittance contrast of 66.7%, fast response time (8 s/15 s) and high coloration efficiency of 340.6 cm2/C.

scholarly journals Pulsed Electrodeposition for Copper Nanowires

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc-Thinh Vuong ◽  
Ha-My Hoang ◽  
Nguyen-Hung Tran ◽  
Hyun-Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Copper Nanowires ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Flexible Polymer

Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) are a promising alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO), for use as transparent conductors that exhibit comparable performance at a lower cost. Furthermore, Cu NWs are flexible, a property not possessed by ITO. However, the Cu NW-based transparent electrode has a reddish color and tends to deteriorate in ambient conditions due to the oxidation of Cu. In this paper, we propose a pulsed-current (PC) plating method to deposit nickel onto the Cu NWs in order to reduce oxidation over a 30-day period, and to minimize the sheet resistance. Additionally, the effects of the pulse current, duty cycle, and pulse frequency on the performance of the Cu–Ni (copper–nickel) NW films have also been investigated. As a result, the reddish color of the electrode was eliminated, as oxidation was completely suppressed, and the sheet resistance was reduced from 35 Ω/sq to 27 Ω/sq. However, the transmittance decreased slightly from 86% to 76% at a wavelength of 550 nm. The Cu–Ni NW electrodes also exhibited excellent long-term cycling stability after 6000 bending cycles. Our fabricated Cu–Ni electrodes were successfully applied in flexible polymer-dispersed liquid crystal smart windows.

Smart windows application of carbazole and triazine based star shaped architecture

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (31) ◽  
pp. 21659-21667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Guzel ◽  
Tugba Soganci ◽  
Rukiye Ayranci ◽  
Metin Ak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Color Characteristics

Triazine-based, star shape and electroactive monomer was successfully synthesized and electropolymerized. The polymer showed superior optoelectronic and thermal properties. Due to the fact that the redox color characteristics of the polymer are indispensable for smart windows, PTCZ-based electrochromic device was constructed.

Fast-Switching, High-Contrast Electrochromic Thin Films Prepared Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Charged Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime C. Grunlan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Poly Ethylene

ABSTRACTThin films were prepared by depositing alternating layers of tungstate anion (WO42-) and poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) (PVP-S) onto an electrode from aqueous solutions. These films have very high contrast (CR > 8) relative to equivalent films prepared using poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), but suffer from slow color change due to poor electrical conductivity. The switching time of the tungstate-based films was decreased by an order of magnitude, from 30 seconds down to three, by adding layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) particles stabilized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). In this case, a four-layer repeating structure was created (i.e., PVP-S and PDDA-ITO were each deposited every fourth layer). Unlike tungstate, ITO has a high intrinsic conductivity (∼ 104 S/cm) that accounts for the dramatic increase in the switching speed. It is only through the nanometer-scale control of film architecture, provided with the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process, that switching speed and contrast ratio can be optimized simultaneously.

The Future of TCO Materials: Stakes and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Isabelle Baraton
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transparent Conductor ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Conducting Oxides ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
P Type

AbstractThe field of major applications of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) continues to expand, thus generating a growing demand for new materials with lower resistivity and higher transparency over extended wavelength ranges. Moreover, p-type TCOs are opening new horizons for high-performance devices based on p-n junctions. Among the most commonly used TCO materials are zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO2), and indium oxide (In2O3). Still, design and synthesis of improved TCO materials leading to a marked increase in conductivity and robustness remain highly desirable while a more detailed understanding of the conductivity mechanisms is critical to further improvement. For example, there is an accelerating effort worldwide by both academia and industry to develop a transparent conductor that can meet or beat the performance of the commonly used ITO at lower costs and with more physical resilience. This article reviews new developments in TCO materials to be used in various applications spanning from photovoltaics to lighting, smart windows, or gas sensors. The financial stakes, far from being negligible in the TCOs market, and the current scientific and technological challenges to be taken up are analyzed.

scholarly journals Improvement of the effective work function and transmittance of thick indium tin oxide/ultrathin ruthenium doped indium oxide bilayers as transparent conductive oxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kattareeya Taweesup ◽  
Ippei Yamamoto ◽  
Toyohiro Chikyow ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum ◽  
Kazutoshi Tsukagoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Effective Work Function ◽  
Conductive Oxide

scholarly journals Solution processed SnO2:Sb transparent conductive oxide as an alternative to indium tin oxide for applications in organic light emitting diodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 3563-3570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esro ◽  
S. Georgakopoulos ◽  
H. Lu ◽  
G. Vourlias ◽  
A. Krier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Conductive Oxide

Here, we present the deposition of antimony-doped tin oxide thin films using the ambient spray pyrolysis technique and demonstrate their implementation as transparent electrodes (anodes) in red, green and blue organic light emitting diodes.

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