Synthesis of Natural Surfactant of Sodium Lignosulfonate from Rice Husk Lignin by Ultrasound Assisted - Sulfonation

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ma'ruf ◽  
Bambang Pramudono ◽  
Nita Aryanti
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Natural Surfactant ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Lower Temperature

Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) is one of natural surfactant that can be modified from lignin. The utilization of natural surfactant of SLS is widely studied by researchers. This paper will study the synthesis of a natural surfactant of SLS from rice husk lignin by ultrasound assisted – sulfonation and the characteristics of SLS based on FTIR spectra. The reaction was carried out at the temperature of 60 °C and the time of 30 minutes. From the experiment can be concluded that sulfonation process with ultrasonic irradiation has advantages compared with conventional heating, i.e. lower temperature, shorter time and higher yield.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Conventional and Ultrasound Irradiation Promoted Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstitutedquinoxaline Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mutanabbi Abdula ◽  
Ghazwan Ali Salman ◽  
Hamid H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
13C Nmr ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Good Percentage

A series of ten chalcone-substituted quinoxalines (4a-e), (3a-e) starting from 1-(phenylquinoxalin-2-yl)ethanone and 1-(3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)ethanone have been synthesized using conventional heating and ultrasound-assisted methods. Furthermore, novel of five quinoxaline derivatives including pyrazoline, isoxazole, pyrimidin-2-one, N-acylpyrazoline and pyridin-2-one moieties were also prepared from the reaction of chalcone compound 4a with different cyclization reagents using the same strategy. The structures of all synthesized compounds were established on the basis of FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The ultrasonic irradiation method provide several advantages over conventional heating method, including shorter reaction times (30-90 min.) and good percentage yields (65% - 88%), comparing with conventional protocol (5 to 20 hrs. with 30% to 55% reaction yields).

scholarly journals Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Negar D. Tafti ◽  
Jim J. Wang ◽  
Xudong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractRecent studies have shown that silicon (Si) dissolution from biochar may be influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. In addition, the enhancement of biochar by treatment with alkali has been proposed to produce a Si source that can be used for environmentally friendly plant disease control. In this study, biochars from rice straw and rice husk pretreated with KOH, CaO and K2CO3 and then pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C were prepared to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on Si release and plant uptake from alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar. Extractable Si and dissolution Si from the prepared biochars were assessed by different short-term chemical methods and long-term (30-day) release in dilute acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, along with a rice potting experiment in greenhouse. For both rice straw- and husk-derived alkali-enhanced biochars (RS-10KB and HS-10K2B, respectively), increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 550 °C generally had the highest extractable Si and increased Si content extracted by 5-day sodium carbonate and ammonium nitrate (5dSCAN) designated for fertilizer Si by 61–142%, whereas non-enhanced biochars had more extractable Si at 350 °C. The alkali-enhanced biochars produced at 550 °C pyrolysis temperature also released 82–172% and 27–79% more Si than that of 350 °C produced biochar in unbuffered weak acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, over 30 days. In addition, alkali-enhanced biochars, especially that derived from rice husk at 550 °C facilitated 6–21% greater Si uptake by rice and 44–101% higher rice grain yields than lower temperature biochars, non-enhanced biochars, or conventional Si fertilizers (wollastonite and silicate calcium slag). Overall, this study demonstrated that 550 °C is more efficient than lower pyrolysis temperature for preparing alkali-enhanced biochar to improve Si release for plant growth.

Ultrasound-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel in H2O2/Heteropoly Acid/Solvent System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Xian Yu ◽  
Qian Zhong ◽  
Mei Jin ◽  
Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Heteropoly Acid ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAODS) of diesel fuel in H2O2/Heteropoly acid/Solvent systems, was investigated. Effects of solvent, catalyst, ultrasound and reaction temperature on the oxidation desulfurization of diesel fuel were investigated. When MPA/oil was 2%wt, methanol/diesel fuel was 20%wt, ultrasound power was 400 W and ultrasound time was 10 min, the sulfur content of diesel fuel was decreased from 211 ppm to 19 ppm. The use of ultrasonic irradiation in H2O2/Heteropoly acid/Solvent system significantly improved the efficiency of the oxidation reaction, and solvent was helpful to make the oxidative reaction happen in the same one phase.

scholarly journals Synthesis of MFe2O4/CNS (M = Zn, Ni, Mn) Composites Derived from Rice Husk by the Hydrothermal-Microwave Method for Remediation of Paddy Fields

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Tutik Setianingsih ◽  
Bambang Susilo ◽  
Siti Mutrofin ◽  
Bambang Ismuyanto ◽  
Andreas Novan Endaryana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H2o2 Solution ◽  
Carbamate Pesticide

In this research work, MFe2O4/CNS was prepared using the hydrothermal–microwave method. The influence of cations (M) toward functional groups of composites and their performance in pesticide degradation were studied. Rice husk was pyrolyzed hydrothermally (200 °C, 6 h) and by microwave (800 W, 40 min). Each product was mixed with MCl2 (Zn, Ni, Mn), FeCl3, KOH, and water, and calcined (600 °C, 15 min) to obtain a composite. Characterization by XRD confirmed the MFe2O4/CNS structure. The FTIR spectra of the composites showed different band sharpness related to C-O and M-O. A mixture of dried paddy farm soil, composite, BPMC (buthylphenylmethyl carbamate) pesticide solution (0.25%), and H2O2 solution (0.15%) was kept under dark conditions for 48 h. The solution above the soil was filtered and measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 217 nm. Applications without the composite and composite–H2O2 were also conducted. The results reveal that dark BPMC degradation with the composite was 7.5 times larger than that without the composite, and 2.9 times larger than that without the composite–H2O2. There were no significantly different FTIR spectra of the soil, soil–BPMC, soil–BPMC-H2O2, and soil–BPMC-H2O2 composite and no significantly different X-ray diffractograms between the soil after drying and soil after application for pesticide degradation using the composite.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Irradiation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of 4,6-Disubstituted-1,3,5-triazine Containing Hydrazone Derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessa H. Al-Rasheed ◽  
Monirah Al Alshaikh ◽  
Jamal M. Khaled ◽  
Naiyf S. Alharbi ◽  
Ayman El-Faham
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Pyridine Derivative ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activities

Novel series of 4,6-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazines containing hydrazone derivatives were synthesized employing ultrasonic irradiation and conventional heating. The ultrasonication gave the target products in higher yields and purity in shorter reaction time compared with the conventional method. IR, NMR (H 1 and C 13), elemental analysis, and LC-MS confirmed the structures of the new products. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were evaluated for all the prepared compounds against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results showed that only two compounds 7i (pyridine derivative) and 7k (4-chlorobenzaldehyde derivative) displayed biological activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the rest of the tested compounds did not display any antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Ultrasound assisted synthesis of a Zn(ii) metal–organic framework with nano-plate morphology using non-linear dicarboxylate and linear N-donor ligands

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (88) ◽  
pp. 47894-47898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yaser Masoomi ◽  
Ali Morsali ◽  
Peter C. Junk
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Donor Ligands ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Plate Morphology ◽  
Organic Framework

Nano-plates of TMU-4 were obtained upon ultrasonic irradiation.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Method for the Synthesis of Tertiary Fatty Aliphatic Esters with Potential Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6829-6836
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aliphatic Esters ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acid Esters

This study aims to demonstrate a simple and rapid “green” method for the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of t-aliphatic esters by reacting t -butanol with saturated (capric, lauric, palmitic) and unsaturated (oleic and undecylenic) acids. The spectral characterization of esters was performed by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The impact of ultrasonic irradiation on the reaction in comparison with the conventional method was analyzed based on the reaction time and the yield of the resulting esters. After spectroscopic studies, the synthesis of the corresponding esters after the ultrasound-assisted irradiation was proven. The yields of the t-butyl fatty acid esters increased between 2 and 10% in comparison with the conventional method for their synthesis. It was also established that the application of ultrasonic irradiation intensifies the esterification process significantly compared to the conventional method. The advantages of the ultrasound-assisted esterification include shortening the reaction time; the process is carried out at room temperature instead of at the conventional reaction temperature 67-70oC. The application of ultrasonic-assisted irradiation for esterification is a suitable and promising method to reduce energy consumption, shortening the reaction time, and increasing the yield of t -butyl fatty acid esters.

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