scholarly journals Synthesis of MFe2O4/CNS (M = Zn, Ni, Mn) Composites Derived from Rice Husk by the Hydrothermal-Microwave Method for Remediation of Paddy Fields

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Tutik Setianingsih ◽  
Bambang Susilo ◽  
Siti Mutrofin ◽  
Bambang Ismuyanto ◽  
Andreas Novan Endaryana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H2o2 Solution ◽  
Carbamate Pesticide

In this research work, MFe2O4/CNS was prepared using the hydrothermal–microwave method. The influence of cations (M) toward functional groups of composites and their performance in pesticide degradation were studied. Rice husk was pyrolyzed hydrothermally (200 °C, 6 h) and by microwave (800 W, 40 min). Each product was mixed with MCl2 (Zn, Ni, Mn), FeCl3, KOH, and water, and calcined (600 °C, 15 min) to obtain a composite. Characterization by XRD confirmed the MFe2O4/CNS structure. The FTIR spectra of the composites showed different band sharpness related to C-O and M-O. A mixture of dried paddy farm soil, composite, BPMC (buthylphenylmethyl carbamate) pesticide solution (0.25%), and H2O2 solution (0.15%) was kept under dark conditions for 48 h. The solution above the soil was filtered and measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 217 nm. Applications without the composite and composite–H2O2 were also conducted. The results reveal that dark BPMC degradation with the composite was 7.5 times larger than that without the composite, and 2.9 times larger than that without the composite–H2O2. There were no significantly different FTIR spectra of the soil, soil–BPMC, soil–BPMC-H2O2, and soil–BPMC-H2O2 composite and no significantly different X-ray diffractograms between the soil after drying and soil after application for pesticide degradation using the composite.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Silica From Rice Husks Siam Unus from South Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti ◽  
Dahlena Ariyani ◽  
Muna Lisa
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
White Rice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red

Research on analysis of rice husk content of Siam Unus with various NaOH concentrations (1.0 M; 1.5 M; 2.0 M; 2.5 M; 3.0 M) has been done. This study aims to obtain data on the effect of variations in NaOH concentration on the purity of the silica extract from Siam Unus rice husks and silica characterization of Siam Unus rice husks using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The results showed that the combustion of rice husks at 200 °C as optimum temperature for 1 hour followed by combustion at 600 °C for 4 hours produces grayish-white rice husks with a yield is 20.70%. Silica functional group characterization showed that silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) as dominant functional groups. The result of composition characterization using XRF showed that SiO2 as the dominant compound with the highest percentage of SiO2 is 1.5 M NaOH extract at 42.80%.

scholarly journals Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4567-4607 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liu ◽  
S. Takahama ◽  
L. M. Russell ◽  
S. Gilardoni ◽  
D. Baumgardner
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Functional Groups

Abstract. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to measure organic functional groups and elements of submicron particles collected during MILAGRO in March 2006 on three platforms: the Mexico City urban area (SIMAT), the high altitude site at 4010 m (Altzomoni), and the NCAR C130 aircraft. Scanning transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) were applied to single particle organic functional group abundance analysis of particles simultaneously collected at SIMAT and C130. Correlations of elemental concentrations showed different groups of source related elements at SIMAT, Altzomoni, and C130, suggesting different processes affecting the air masses sampled at the three platforms. Cluster analysis resulted in seven distinct Clusters of FTIR spectra, with the last three clusters consisting of spectra collected almost exclusively on the C130 platform, reflecting the variety of sources contributing to C130 samples. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of NEXAFS-STXM spectra identified three main factors representing soot, secondary, and biomass burning type spectra. PMF of FTIR spectra resulted in three fossil fuel combustion type factors, one biomass burning factor, and one mixed or processed factor. The fossil fuel combustion type factors were found to have the largest contributions to OM, while the processed factor has the largest O/C among all factors. Alkane, carboxylic acid, and amine functional groups were mainly associated with combustion related sources, while alcohol groups were likely from atmospheric processing of mixed sources. While the processed factor has the highest O/C, half of the OM and O/C measured could be attributed directly to fossil fuel combustion sources. Both PMF of NEXAFS-STXM spectra and PMF of FTIR spectra indicate that the combustion type factors are more affected by fluctuations in local sources, while the processed factors are more consistent during the sampling period.

scholarly journals Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters Using Microwave toward Structural Properties of ZnO/CNS Intermediate and Application of ZnCr2O4/CNS Final Product for Dark Degradation of Pesticide in Wet Paddy Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Tutik Setianingsih ◽  
Danar Purwonugroho ◽  
Yuniar Ponco Prananto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Irregular Particle ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Particle Shapes

Pesticide is a pollution problem in agriculture. The usage of ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 as additive in liquid fertilizer has potency for catalytic pesticide degradation. Colloid condition is needed for easy spraying. Rice husk and sawdust were used as carbon precursor and ZnCl2 as activator. The biomass–ZnCl2 mixtures were pyrolyzed using microwave (400–800 W, 50 min). The products were dispersed in water by blending then evaporated to obtain ZnO/CNS. The composites were reacted with KOH, CrCl3·6H2O, more ZnCl2, and little water by microwave (600 W, 5 min). The ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 were used for degradation of buthylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) in wet deactivated paddy soil. TOC was measured using TOC meter. The FTIR spectra of the ZnO/CNS composites indicated the completed carbonization except at 800 W without ZnCl2. The X-ray diffractograms of the composites confirmed ZnO/CNS structure. SEM images showed irregular particle shapes for using both biomass. ZnCr2O4/CNS structure was confirmed by XRD as the final product with crystallite size of 74.99 nm. The sawdust produced more stable colloids of CNS and ZnO/CNS composite than the rice husk. The pyrolysis without ZnCl2 formed more stable colloid than with ZnCl2. The ZnCr2O4/CNS from sawdust gave better dark catalytic degradation of BPMC than from rice husk, i.e., 2.5 and 1.6 times larger for 400 and 800 W pyrolysis, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURES ON COMPOSITION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CARBOSIL PREPARED FROM RICE HUSK

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasinton Simanjuntak ◽  
Simon Sembiring ◽  
Kerista Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperatures on composition and electrical conductivity of carbosil produced from rice husk, by conducting pyrolysis experiments at three different temperatures of 200; 400; and 700 °C. The structure of the samples was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructure and elemental composition were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and the electrical conductivity was measured using four probe method. The FTIR analyses revealed the existence of Si-O-Si and Si-OH functional groups, but no functional groups associated with carbon, confirming the formation of carbosil. This formation of carbosil is also supported by the results of EDS analyses which show the presence of only three elements of C, O, and Si, respectively. The XRD results indicate that the carbosils are amorphous, suggesting that no transformation of carbon and silica into crystalline phase to the limit of the temperatures applied. The carbosil formation decreased with increasing of pyrolysis temperature. The microstructure of the carbosils indicates that the higher the temperature, the smaller the grain size of the samples. The values of electrical conductivity of the samples are in the range of 1.13 x 10-3 to 6.81 x 10-3/(Ω.m) with the application of 10 tones compression pressure, but the conductivities of the sample prepared at 200 °C were found to increase with increased compression pressure to six fold from 6.81 x 10-3 to 41.94 x 10-3/(Ω.m) by increasing compression pressure to 80 tones. Based on these conductivity values, the samples are considered as semiconductor, suggesting the potential use of the carbosil in semiconductor devices.

scholarly journals Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 6849-6863 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liu ◽  
S. Takahama ◽  
L. M. Russell ◽  
S. Gilardoni ◽  
D. Baumgardner
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Organic Functional Groups ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Organic Particles

Abstract. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to measure organic functional groups and elements of submicron particles collected during MILAGRO in March 2006 on three platforms: the Mexico City urban area (SIMAT), the high altitude site at 4010 m (Altzomoni), and the NCAR C130 aircraft. Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) were applied to single particle organic functional group abundance analysis of particles simultaneously collected at SIMAT and C130. Correlations of elemental concentrations showed different groups of source-related elements at SIMAT, Altzomoni, and C130, suggesting different processes affecting the air masses sampled at the three platforms. Cluster analysis resulted in seven distinct clusters of FTIR spectra, with the last three clusters consisting of spectra collected almost exclusively on the C130 platform, reflecting the variety of sources contributing to C130 samples. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of STXM-NEXAFS spectra identified three main factors representing soot, secondary, and biomass burning type spectra. PMF of FTIR spectra resulted in two fossil fuel combustion factors and one biomass burning factor, the former representative of source regions to the northeast and southwest of SIMAT. Alkane, carboxylic acid, amine, and alcohol functional groups were mainly associated with combustion related sources, while non-acid carbonyl groups were likely from biomass burning events. The majority of OM and O/C was attributed to combustion sources, although no distinction between direct emissions and atmospherically processed OM could be identified.

scholarly journals Combustion and gasification characteristics of low-temperature pyrolytic semi-coke prepared through atmosphere rich in CH4 and H2

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Yuan She ◽  
Chong Zou ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Keng Wu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coke Reactivity ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Reactivity Indexes ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Reducing Gases

Abstract Thermoanalysis was used in this research to produce a comparative study on the combustion and gasification characteristics of semi-coke prepared under pyrolytic atmospheres rich in CH4 and H2 at different proportions. Distinctions of different semi-coke in terms of carbon chemical structure, functional groups, and micropore structure were examined. The results indicated that adding some reducing gases during pyrolysis could inhibit semi-coke reactivity, the inhibitory effect of the composite gas of H2 and CH4 was the most observable, and the effect of H2 was higher than that of CH4; moreover, increasing the proportion of reducing gas increased its inhibitory effect. X-ray diffractometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer results indicated that adding reducing gases in the atmosphere elevated the disordering degree of carbon microcrystalline structures, boosted the removal of hydroxyl- and oxygen-containing functional groups, decreased the unsaturated side chains, and improved condensation degree of macromolecular networks. The nitrogen adsorption experiment revealed that the types of pore structure of semi-coke are mainly micropore and mesopore, and the influence of pyrolytic atmosphere on micropores was not of strong regularity but could inhibit mesopore development. Aromatic lamellar stack height of semi-coke, specific surface area of mesopore, and pore volume had a favorable linear correlation with semi-coke reactivity indexes.

scholarly journals Desulfurization and Denitrification Performance of Modified Rice Husk Ash-Carbide Slag Absorbent

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Yali Wang ◽  
Xiaoning Han ◽  
Meina Chen ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Hydration Process ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Carbide Slag ◽  
High Investment

In the cement industry, SO2 and NOx are generally removed separately. There are many problems, such as large area, high investment cost, secondary pollution and so on. Desulfurization and denitrification technology have become a frontier research direction in the field of air pollution control. In this paper, rice husk ash and carbide slag were compounded and modified to prepare modified rice husk ash-carbide slag composite absorbent, and its desulfurization and denitrification performance and mechanism were studied. The results showed that the NO conversion and SO2 conversion of the modified rice husk ash-carbide slag composite absorbent increased by 44% and 2%, respectively, at 700 °C. Fibrous calcium silicate and calcium silicoaluminate hydrates were formed during the hydration process, which made the specific surface area of the absorbent larger and provided more reactive sites. The hydration process increases the content of oxygen-containing functional groups, decreases the hydroxyl/ether C–O functional groups, and increases the content of carboxyl–COO functional groups are conducive to the denitrification reaction.

scholarly journals Thermal, Viscoelastic, Mechanical and Wear Behaviour of Nanoparticle Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene: A Comparison

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Patrick De Baets ◽  
Gábor Szebényi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Sintering Method

In this research work, unfilled and mono-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials were developed and characterised by physical, thermal, viscoelastic, mechanical, and wear analysis. The applied fillers were graphene, alumina (Al2O3), boehmite alumina (BA80), and hydrotalcite (MG70) in 0.25/1/4/8 and 16 wt % filler content. All samples were produced by room temperature pressing–free sintering method. All of the fillers were blended with PTFE by intensive dry mechanical stirring; the efficiency of the blending was analysed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) method. Compared to neat PTFE, graphene in 4/8/16 wt % improved the thermal conductivity by ~29%/~84%/~157%, respectively. All fillers increased the storage, shear and tensile modulus and decreased the ductility. PTFE with 4 wt % Al2O3 content reached the lowest wear rate; the reduction was more than two orders of magnitude compared to the neat PTFE.

Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Dhirendra Singhal ◽  
Rinku Walia ◽  
Ajay Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

BIOSYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY IN SYNERGY WITH ANTIBIOTICS; A FUTURE ADVANCEMENT IN NANOMEDICINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
MONIKA GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽  
Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uniform Dispersion

Objective: This research work develops an approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reduction of leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus plant. This study produces synthesized nanoparticles that have process-controlled attributes which make their antibiotic action highly efficient. These attributes include smaller size, proper morphology, uniform dispersion, metal ion content, and formation of functional groups. By optimizing the reduction process parameters, AgNPs gain the desired properties.  Methods: The biosynthesis of AgNPs process was performed using reaction of 10% (w/v) C. roseus leaf extract with AgNO3. The optimum conditions and concentration used for synthesis of nanoparticles were: 1 mM AgNO3, pH 5, and temperature 80°C with an incubation time of 72 h. All the above parameters were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer with the surface plasmon resonance peak obtained at 440 nm. Results: Various characterization techniques were performed, namely, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence study, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. The results obtained from characterization confirmed the spherical morphology of the nanoparticles with size between 50 and 87 nm. In the current investigation, the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was also determined using minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition methods against six different bacteria at different doses of AgNPs (100, 150, and 200 μg/ml) alone and also in combination with antibiotic-streptomycin. Conclusion: The results revealed that high concentration of AgNPs inhibits the bacterial growth. Furthermore, AgNPs revealed much stronger antibacterial action in synergy with streptomycin against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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