Cotton-Wool-Like Resorbable Bone Void Fillers Containing β-TCP and Calcium Carbonate Particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Osada ◽  
Masashi Makita ◽  
Yasutoshi Nishikawa ◽  
Toshihiro Kasuga
Keyword(s):  
Distal Femur ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Bone Void

Cotton-wool-like bioresorbable bone void fillers consisting of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), siloxane-containing vaterite (SiV) and poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was prepared by an electrospinning method. The fibers, which were 50 ~ 150 μm-width with 10 ~ 30 μm-thickness, were entwined. The resulting cotton-wool-like material showed mechanical flexibility and excellent shapability; it showed easy, excellent mechanical-fixation in defects. The in vivo performance of this material was examined in the distal femur in New Zealand white rabbits. It was evaluated using micro CT and histologic analyses at time points of 6 and 12 weeks. These analyses of the defect sites verified normal healing response and new bone formation. The in vivo testing with rabbits showed good biocompatibility and excellent osteogenic ability.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Of Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2065-2070
Author(s):  
Ho Yeon Song ◽  
Young Hee Kim ◽  
Jyoti M. Anirban ◽  
In Seon Byun ◽  
Kyung A Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Hydroxy Apatite ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes

Calcium phosphate ceramics such as hydroxy apatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and bicalcium phosphate (BCP) have been used as a bone graft biomaterial because of their good biocompatibility and similarity of chemical composition to natural bones. To increase the mechanical and osteoconductive properties, the granules and spongy type porous bone graft substitutes were prepared by fibrous monolithic process and polyurethane foam replica methods, respectively. The pore sizes obtained using these approaches ranged between 100-600 µm. The cytotoxicity, cellular proliferation, differentiation and ECM deposition on the bone graft substitutes were observed by SEM and confocal microscopy. Moreover, the scaffolds were implanted in the rabbit femur. New bone formation and biodegradation of bone graft were observed through follow-up X-ray, micro-CT analysis and histological findings. After several months (2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months) of implantation, new bone formation and ingrowths were observed in defect sites of the animal by CaP ceramics and 2 to 3 times higher bone ingrowths were confirmed than that of the normal trabecular bones in terms of total bone volume (BV).

scholarly journals In vivo micro-CT scanning of a rabbit distal femur: Repeatability and reproducibility

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Voor ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Robert L. Burden ◽  
Seid W. Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Distal Femur ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility

scholarly journals Biocompatibility, degradability, bioactivity and osteogenesis of mesoporous/macroporous scaffolds of mesoporous diopside/poly( l -lactide) composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (111) ◽  
pp. 20150507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhulin Liu ◽  
Jiajin Ji ◽  
Songchao Tang ◽  
Jun Qian ◽  
Yonggang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Macroporous Structure ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Particulate Leaching ◽  
Acidic Degradation

Bioactive mesoporous diopside (m-DP) and poly( l -lactide) (PLLA) composite scaffolds with mesoporous/macroporous structure were prepared by the solution-casting and particulate-leaching method. The results demonstrated that the degradability and bioactivity of the mesoporous/macroporous scaffolds were significantly improved by incorporating m-DP into PLLA, and that the improvement was m-DP content-dependent. In addition, the scaffolds containing m-DP showed the ability to neutralize acidic degradation products and prevent the pH from dropping in the solution during the soaking period. Moreover, the scaffolds containing m-DP enhanced attachment, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, which were also m-DP content-dependent. Furthermore, the histological and immunohistochemical analysis results showed that the scaffolds with m-DP significantly promoted new bone formation and improved the materials degraded in vivo , indicating good biocompatibility. The results suggested that the mesoporous/macroporous scaffolds of the m-DP/PLLA composite with osteogenesis had a potential for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals In Vivo Bone Regeneration Induced by a Scaffold of Chitosan/Dicarboxylic Acid Seeded with Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerawat Sukpaita ◽  
Suwabun Chirachanchai ◽  
Pornchanok Suwattanachai ◽  
Vincent Everts ◽  
Atiphan Pimkhaokham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Calvarial Defects

Chitosan/dicarboxylic acid (CS/DA) scaffold has been developed as a bone tissue engineering material. This study evaluated a CS/DA scaffold with and without seeded primary human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in its capacity to regenerate bone in calvarial defects of mice. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was analyzed by bone nodule formation and gene expression. In vivo bone regeneration was analyzed in mice calvarial defects. Eighteen mice were divided into 3 groups: one group with empty defects, one group with defects with CS/DA scaffold, and a group with defects with CS/DA scaffold and with hPDLCs. After 6 and 12 weeks, new bone formation was assessed using microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) and histology. CS/DA scaffold significantly promoted in vitro osteoblast-related gene expression (RUNX2, OSX, COL1, ALP, and OPN) by hPDLCs. Micro-CT revealed that CS/DA scaffolds significantly promoted in vivo bone regeneration both after 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Histological examination confirmed these findings. New bone formation was observed in defects with CS/DA scaffold; being similar with and without hPDLCs. CS/DA scaffolds can be used as a bone regenerative material with good osteoinductive/osteoconductive properties.

Biocompatibility and Osteogenesis of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Guo ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Hang Kong ◽  
Chang Sheng Liu ◽  
Ke Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Osteoblastic Phenotype ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Porous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were successfully fabricated utilizing particle-leaching method. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured, expanded and seeded on the scaffolds and the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into osteoblastic phenotype were determined using MTT assay, ALP activity and ESEM. The results revealed that the CPC scaffolds were biocompatible and had no negative effects on the MSCs in vitro. The in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenicity of the scaffolds were investigated. Both pure scaffolds and MSCs/scaffold constructs were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically. The results showed that CPC scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Moreover, the introduction of MSCs into the scaffolds dramatically enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation initially.

scholarly journals Bone defect reconstruction with a novel biomaterial containing calcium phosphate and aluminum oxide reinforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Keppler ◽  
Maximilian M. Saller ◽  
Paolo Alberton ◽  
Ines Westphal ◽  
Frank Heidenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Bone Void

Abstract Background Reconstruction of metaphyseal fractures represents a clinical challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Especially in osteoporotic bone, these fractures are frequently accompanied by osseous substance defects. In order to ensure rapid mobilization of patients, high stability requirements must be met by osteosynthesis. Various bone graft materials have been introduced in the past, such as autologous bone or exogenous bone substitute materials. These are used as bone void fillers or as augmentation techniques to ensure safe fixation of osteosynthesis. New calcium phosphate-based bone void-filling materials could be a promising alternative to autologous bone or to the currently and widely used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based cement. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel paste-like bone void filler in vivo and in vitro with regard to biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Methods In addition to in vitro testing of cell compatibility using pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), 35 Wistar rats were treated in vivo with implantation of various material mixtures based on calcium phosphate and aluminum oxide reinforcement in a metaphyseal drill hole defect. After 4 weeks, an examination by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histology was performed. Results The in vitro analysis showed good biocompatibility with a high cell survival of osteoblasts. In the in vivo experiments, a significantly higher bone ingrowth compared to the empty defect was shown by μCT and histological analysis. Here, the group receiving material reinforced with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) showed a bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) of 89.19% compared to a BV/TV of 83.14% for the empty defect (p = 0.0013). In the group treated with a polysaccharide matrix, no increase in BV/TV was observed given a mean ratio of 80.14%. Scoring of histological sections did not reveal a significant difference between CaP and CaP that was substituted with Al2O3. Conclusion The results of this study show an encouraging first step towards the development of new pasty, bone void-filling materials. We demonstrated that a new paste-like bone-filling material, based on calcium phosphate granulates and aluminum oxide to provide strength, exhibits good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Further biomechanical test in an osteoporotic animal model will have to be performed, to prove feasibility in metaphyseal defects.

scholarly journals Electrospun, synthetic bone void filler promotes human MSC function and BMP-2 mediated spinal fusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 532-543
Author(s):  
Juliane D Glaeser ◽  
Khosrowdad Salehi ◽  
Linda EA Kanim ◽  
Derek G Ju ◽  
Jae Hyuk Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bone Void Filler ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Bone Void

Introduction Synthetic bone grafts are often used to achieve a well-consolidated fusion mass in spinal fusion procedures. These bone grafts function as scaffolds, and ideally support cell function and facilitate protein binding. Objective The aim was to characterize an electrospun, synthetic bone void filler (Reb) for its bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 release properties and support of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) function in vitro, and its efficacy in promoting BMP-2-/bone marrow aspirate-(BMA)-mediated posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF) in vivo. Methods BMP-2 release kinetics from Reb versus standard absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) was determined. hMSC adhesion and proliferation on Reb was tested using cell counting, fluorescence microscopy and MTS. Cell osteogenic differentiation was quantified via cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. For in vivo analysis, 18 Lewis rats were treated during PLF surgery with the following groups: (I) Reb + BMA, (II) Reb + BMA + BMP-2 and (III) BMA. A safe, minimally effective dose of BMP-2 was used. Fusion consolidation was followed for 3 months using radiography and micro-CT. After sacrifice, fusion rate and biomechanical stiffness was determined using manual palpation, biomechanical tests and histology. Results In vitro, BMP-2 release kinetics were similar between Reb versus ACS. MSC proliferation and differentiation were increased in the presence of Reb. At 3 months post-surgery, fusion rates were 29% (group I), 100% (group II), and 0% (group III). Biomechanical stiffness was higher in group II versus I. Micro-CT showed an increased bone volume and connectivity density in group II. Trabecular thickness was increased in group I versus II. H&E staining showed newly formed bone in group II only. Conclusions Reb possesses a high protein binding affinity and promotes hMSC function. Combination with BMA and minimal dose BMP-2 allowed for 100% bone fusion in vivo. This data suggests that a minimally effective dose of BMP-2 can be used when combined with Reb.

Plasma-Sprayed Wollastonite Coatings for Biomedical Application

2005 ◽  
Vol 486-487 ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chang Xue ◽  
Xuan Yong Liu ◽  
Xue Bin Zheng ◽  
Chuan Xian Ding
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Living Bone ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

A new bioceramic coating based on wollastonite was prepared by plasma spraying. The coatings exhibited good mechanical properties. The bond strength of the coating on substrate was about 40 MPa, which is higher than that of HA coatings used in orthopedics and dentistry. The bioactivity of wollastonite coatings was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. After immersed in simulated body fluid, a bone-like apatite layer was formed on the surface of wollastonite coatings. Osteoblast could survive and proliferate on the surface of coatings. After implanted in dog’s cortical bone, histological observation demonstrated that bone tissue could extend and grow along the surface of wollastonite coatings. The coating bonded directly to bone without any fibrous tissue, indicating good biocompatibility and bone conductivity. The wollastonite coatings also showed good bone inductivity property, inducing new-bone formation on their surface after implanted in marrow. The results obtained indicated that the plasma-sprayed wollastonite coatings possessed good mechanical properties and excellent bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. It appears that a wollastonite coating may be suitable for the repair and replacement of living bone, especially for load-bearing situations.

In Vivo Behavior of Calcium Phosphate Glasses with Controlled Solubility

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melba Navarro ◽  
E.S. Sanzana ◽  
Josep A. Planell ◽  
M.P. Ginebra ◽  
P.A. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Bone Fixation ◽  
Vitreous System ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Resorbable calcium phosphate glasses offer interesting solutions in the biomedical field, as bone cavity fillers, drug delivery systems, biodegradable reinforcing phase in the case of composites for bone fixation devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this work, two different glass formulations in the systems 44.5CaO-44.5P2O5-(11-X)Na2O-XTiO2 (X=0or 5) have been elaborated. It is known that the incorporation or TiO2 into the vitreous system reduces considerably the solubility of the glasses. To study the material solubility effect on the in vivo response, glass particles of the two formulations were implanted in rabbits. Results showed that both glasses elicited a similar biological response and good biocompatibility. The percentage of new bone formation in the glasses was comparable to that obtained for the autologous bone (control) after 12 weeks of implantation. The materials showed to have an osteoconductive potential. Finally, this study showed that in spite of the solubility difference of the studied glasses, there were no significant differences in the in vivo response.

scholarly journals Lithium-Doped Biological-Derived Hydroxyapatite Coatings Sustain In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula E. Florian ◽  
Liviu Duta ◽  
Valentina Grumezescu ◽  
Gianina Popescu-Pelin ◽  
Andrei C. Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Doping Agent ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coatings ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labelling ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Adhesion Process

This study is focused on the adhesion and differentiation of the human primary mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to osteoblasts lineage on biological-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA) and lithium-doped BHA (BHA:LiP) coatings synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition. An optimum adhesion of the cells on the surface of BHA:LiP coatings compared to control (uncoated Ti) was demonstrated using immunofluorescence labelling of actin and vinculin, two proteins involved in the initiation of the cell adhesion process. BHA:LiP coatings were also found to favor the differentiation of the hMSC towards an osteoblastic phenotype in the presence of osteoinductive medium, as revealed by the evaluation of osteoblast-specific markers, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase. Numerous nodules of mineralization secreted from osteoblast cells grown on the surface of BHA:LiP coatings and a 3D network-like organization of cells interconnected into the extracellular matrix were evidenced. These findings highlight the good biocompatibility of the BHA coatings and demonstrate that the use of lithium as a doping agent results in an enhanced osteointegration potential of the synthesized biomaterials, which might therefore represent viable candidates for future in vivo applications.

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