Injection Moldable Poly(Lactic Acid)-Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Activated Carbon Composite Foams: Effects of PLA/PBS Ratios

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Kittipong Hrimchum ◽  
Darunee Aussawasathien ◽  
Todsapol Kajornprai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Composite Foams

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-poly (butylene succinate) (PBS)-activated carbon (AC) composites were foamed via an injection molding process. Azodicarbonamide (ADC) was used as a chemical blowing agent. The effect of PLA/PBS ratios (0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 wt% and vice versa) on the cell formation and properties of composite foams such as cellular structure, foam density (ρf), void fraction (Vf), cell density, melt flow index (MFI), thermal and mechanical properties and crystallinity were investigated. At same ADC and AC loadings (5 phr), PBS acted as nucleating sites for cell generation and expansion at low contents ( 40 wt%). However, the cell size had a tendency to decrease at high PBS concentrations (> 40 wt%). The cell density of composite foams was somewhat constant at PLA/PBS ratios up to 60/40 wt% and then continuously increased as the PBS dosage was higher than 40 wt%. The maximum reduction of foam density with the void fraction of 20% was obtained at the PLA/PBS ratio of 60/40. The melt viscosity of composite foams increased with the increase of PBS loadings. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of composite foams decreased while the elongation at break and impact strength increased as the proportion of PBS increased. The cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) of PLA in the composite foam tended to decrease with the reduction of PLA contents while the melting temperatures (Tm) of PLA in composite foams fluctuated without any trend compared with those of the unfoamed PLA. The Tcc of PLA in composite foams could not be detected when the content of PBS was higher than 40 wt%. The crystallization temperature (Tc) and Tm of PBS in composite foams was almost unchanged for each PLA/PBS proportion compared with those of the unfoamed PBS. The crystallinity (Xc) of PLA in composite foams increased compared with the unfoamed PLA at PBS contents of 0-20 wt% due to the nucleating effect of PBS and AC. The Xc of PLA (at PBS > 20 wt%) and PBS in composite foams decreased with the reduction of each polymer.

Poly(Lactic Acid)-Polybutylene Succinate-Activated Carbon Composite Foams

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittimasak Ketkul ◽  
Poonsub Threepopnatkul ◽  
Darunee Aussawasathien ◽  
Kittipong Hrimchum
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate

Polymer blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) containing activated carbon (AC) were foamed by using Azodicarbonamide (ADC) through an extrusion process. The composite foams containing 5 phr of AC had lower density than those without AC loading for PLA:PBS ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. The incident of higher void fraction was the consequences of more foaming nucleation centers which were induced by adding AC in the composite foam. Maximum reduction of density by 50% with the void fraction of 50% was achieved when both ADC and AC were applied at 5 phr with the PLA:PBS ratio of 80:20. The addition of AC in composite foams enhanced the crystallization in PBS phase but had no effects on PLA crystallinity. The thermal stability of composite foams with and without AC dosages for each PLA:PBS proportion was slightly changed. For PLA-PBS blend foams, the more PLA loading there was the more tensile strength and modulus there would be. For PLA-PBS-AC composite foams, AC could improve the modulus and tensile strength of composite foams in PBS-rich samples whereas no effect on PLA-rich samples.

scholarly journals Poly(Lactic Acid)–Poly(Butylene Succinate)–Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part I: Mechanics of Composites with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Rodion Kopitzky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds based on bio-based polyesters. The heterogeneous cell structure of sugar beet suggests that the processing of SBP can affect the properties of the composite. An “Ultra-Rotor” type air turbulence mill was used to produce SBP particles of different sizes. These particles were processed in a twin-screw extruder with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and fillers to granules for possible marketable formulations. Different screw designs, compatibilizers and the use of glycerol as a thermoplasticization agent for SBP were also tested. The spherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal-like shaped particles of SBP are not suitable for usage as a fiber-like reinforcement. In addition, the fineness of ground SBP affects the mechanical properties because (i) a high proportion of polar surfaces leads to poor compatibility, and (ii) due to the inner structure of the particulate matter, the strength of the composite is limited to the cohesive strength of compressed sugar-cell compartments of the SBP. The compatibilization of the polymer–matrix–particle interface can be achieved by using compatibilizers of different types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture patterns show that the compatibilization can lead to both well-bonded particles and cohesive fracture patterns in the matrix. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties are limited by the impact and elongation behavior. Therefore, the applications of SBP-based composites must be well considered.

The effect of poly(ethylene glycol) as plasticizer in blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene succinate)

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (8) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Weraporn Pivsa-Art ◽  
Kazunori Fujii ◽  
Keiichiro Nomura ◽  
Yuji Aso ◽  
Hitomi Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene-succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blend films containing thymol as alternative to synthetic preservatives for active packaging of bread

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 100515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panitee Suwanamornlert ◽  
Noppadon Kerddonfag ◽  
Amporn Sane ◽  
Wannee Chinsirikul ◽  
Weibiao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Blend Films

scholarly journals Effect of Dicumyl Peroxide on a Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Functionalized Chitosan-Based Nanobiocomposite for Packaging: A Reactive Extrusion Study

ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 13298-13312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Pal ◽  
Siddharth Mohan Bhasney ◽  
Purabi Bhagabati ◽  
Vimal Katiyar
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Butylene Succinate

scholarly journals Morphology, Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Rheological Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) In-Situ Submicrofibrillar Composites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Zhu ◽  
Hezhi He ◽  
Bin Xue ◽  
Zhiming Zhan ◽  
Guozhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Biodegradable Poly

In this study, biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBS/PLA) in-situ submicrofibrillar composites with various PLA content were successfully produced by a triple-screw extruder followed by a hot stretching−cold drawing−compression molding process. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dispersed PLA submicro-fibrils on the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of PBS/PLA composites. Morphological observations demonstrated that the PLA phases are fibrillated to submicro-fibrils in the PBS/PLA composites, and all the PLA submicro-fibrils produced seem to have a uniform diameter of about 200nm. As rheological measurements revealed, at low frequencies, the storage modulus (G’) of PBS/PLA composites has been increased by more than four orders of magnitude with the inclusion of high concentrations (15 wt % and 20 wt %) of PLA submicro-fibrils, which indicates a significant improvement in the elastic responses of PBS melt. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PBS phase slightly shifted to the higher temperature after the inclusion of PLA. DSC experiments proved that fiber morphology of PLA has obvious heterogeneous nucleation effect on the crystallization of PBS. The tensile properties of the PBS/PLA in-situ submicrofibrillar composites are also improved compared to neat PBS.

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