Effects of NaOH Concentration and Temperature on Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) Nanoparticles Synthesized by Coprecipitation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitria Ayu Sulistiani ◽  
Edi Suharyadi ◽  
Takeshi Kato ◽  
Satoshi Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetization Saturation ◽  
Coercivity Field ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Maximum Field

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles has been synthesized by coprecipitation method with various NaOH concentration (4, 6, 8, and 10 M) and temperature (RT, 60, 80, and 100 C). X-ray diffraction patterns showed the emergence of Bi(OH)3 and Bi25FeO40 structures with crystallite size in the range of 15.1 nm to 35.6 nm. The particles sample was agglomerated. Hysterisis loop showed the linear M–H loops behaviour with no magnetization saturation in 15 kOe maximum field applied which indicates the antiferromagnetic properties. The coercivity field tends to increase by the increasing of the NaOH concentration and synthesis temperature. In addition, the annealing treatment could leads the increasing of coercivity fields while decreasing the magnetization of BFO sampel.

scholarly journals PECHINI SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Eu3+ DOPED ZnCo2O4 SPINELS

2005 ◽  
Vol 03 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
P.M. PIMENTEL ◽  
A.M.G. PEDROSA ◽  
H.K.S. SOUZA ◽  
C.N.S. JÚNIOR ◽  
R.C.A. PINTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinel Oxides ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Pechini Synthesis ◽  
Spinel Structures

Spinel oxides with the composition ZnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4:Eu3+ have been synthesized by the Pechini method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of n1 and n2 bands, typical of spinel structures. The formation of monophase cubic spinel structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. Extra lines corresponding to other phase has been observed in the powders calcined at 900 ºC. The results showed the extremely lower synthesis temperature than those presents in conventional methods.

scholarly journals Structural and magnetic properties of the Bi1-xLuxFeO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02 and 0.04) system

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (215) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Maria Morales Rivera ◽  
Ivan Betancourt ◽  
Segundo Martínez ◽  
Oscar Pardo ◽  
Julieth Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Analysis ◽  
Structural And Magnetic Properties

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of Bi1-xLuxFeO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02 and 0.04) produced by solid-state reaction, in order to evaluate the influence of lutetium on the structural and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and magnetic analysis by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) in temperature range from 50 to 320 K. The obtained results allowed to confirm the formation of crystalline materials of rhombohedral structure, space-group R3c (161), with defined morphology and particle sizes between 2.25 and 4.5 μm. The Lu3+ insertion in structure generated an increasing in magnetization, purity of BiFeO3 and a decrease in the synthesis temperature compared with the reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Real-Time Investigation of Recovery, Recrystallization and Austenite Transformation during Annealing of a Cold-Rolled Steel Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction (HEXRD)

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Moreno ◽  
Julien Teixeira ◽  
Guillaume Geandier ◽  
Jean-Christophe Hell ◽  
Frédéric Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recrystallization Kinetics ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The annealing process of cold-rolled ferrite/pearlite steel involves numerous metallurgical mechanisms as recovery/recrystallization of deformed phases, ripening of carbide microstructure, and austenite transformation in the intercritical domain. The interactions between these mechanisms govern the morphogenesis of the transformed austenite microstructure and, thus, the final properties of the steel. This paper demonstrates that high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) on synchrotron beamline offers the unique possibility to follow concomitantly these mechanisms in situ during a single experiment. A cold-rolled ferrite-pearlite steel dedicated to the industrial production of Dual-Phase steel serves as case-study. Synchrotron experiments have been conducted in transmission at 100 keV with a 2D detector. Diffraction patterns acquired all along an annealing treatment are first analyzed after circular integration. A Rietveld refinement procedure coupled with a Williamson-Hall approach is used to determine phase transformation and recovery kinetics. In this paper, a new method inspired by the 3D X-ray diffraction tomography is proposed to follow recrystallization kinetics at the same time. It is based on a systematic detection of individual diffraction spots related to newly recrystallized grains appearing on Debye-Scherrer rings. The deduced recrystallization kinetics is compared and validated by more conventional ex situ methods.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

Examination of Rabbit Fc Crystals

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
J. P. Robinson ◽  
P. G. Lenhert
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Crystallographic studies of rabbit Fc using X-ray diffraction patterns were recently reported. The unit cell constants were reported to be a = 69. 2 A°, b = 73. 1 A°, c = 60. 6 A°, B = 104° 30', space group P21, monoclinic, volume of asymmetric unit V = 148, 000 A°3. The molecular weight of the fragment was determined to be 55, 000 ± 2000 which is in agreement with earlier determinations by other methods.Fc crystals were formed in water or dilute phosphate buffer at neutral pH. The resulting crystal was a flat plate as previously described. Preparations of small crystals were negatively stained by mixing the suspension with equal volumes of 2% silicotungstate at neutral pH. A drop of the mixture was placed on a carbon coated grid and allowed to stand for a few minutes. The excess liquid was removed and the grid was immediately put in the microscope.

Control of the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. P. Sirotinkin ◽  
O. V. Baranov ◽  
A. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
S. M. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The results of studying the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, β-Ca3(PO4)2, α-Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4 · 2H2O, Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector are presented. Optimal experimental conditions (angular positions of the x-ray tube and detector, size of the slits, exposure time) were determined with allowance for possible formation of the impurity phases during synthesis. The construction features of diffractometers with a position-sensitive detector affecting the profile characteristics of x-ray diffraction peaks are considered. The composition for calibration of the diffractometer (a mixture of sodium acetate and yttrium oxide) was determined. Theoretical x-ray diffraction patterns for corresponding calcium phosphates are constructed on the basis of the literature data. These x-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the phase composition of the advanced calcium phosphates. The features of advanced calcium phosphates, which should be taken into account during the phase analysis, are indicated. The powder of high-temperature form of tricalcium phosphate strongly adsorbs water from the environment. A strong texture is observed on the x-ray diffraction spectra of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. A rather specific x-ray diffraction pattern of octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate revealed the only one strong peak at small angles. In all cases, significant deviations are observed for the recorded angular positions and relative intensity of the diffraction peaks. The results of the study of experimentally obtained mixtures of calcium phosphate are presented. It is shown that the graphic comparison of experimental x-ray diffraction spectra and pre-recorded spectra of the reference calcium phosphates and possible impurity phases is the most effective method. In this case, there is no need for calibration. When using this method, the total time for analysis of one sample is no more than 10 min.

Infrared spectroscopic study of the YPO4-YCrO4 system

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139-2145
Author(s):  
Alexander Muck ◽  
Eva Šantavá ◽  
Bohumil Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Crystals ◽  
Crystal Symmetry ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The infrared spectra and powder X-ray diffraction patterns of polycrystalline YPO4-YCrO4 samples are studied from the point of view of their crystal symmetry. Mixed crystals of the D4h19 symmetry are formed over the region of 0-30 mol.% YPO4 in YCrO4. The Td → D2d → D2 or C2v(GS eff) correlation is appropriate for both PO43- and CrO43- anions.

Effect of Temperature on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Mei Niu ◽  
Zhi Gang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Carriers ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Block Temperature

The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles obtained by the aqueous coprecipitation method are characterized systematically using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. These magnetic nanoparticles are spheric, dispersive, and have average grain size of 50 nm. The size and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be tuned by the reaction temperature. All samples exhibit high saturation magnetization (Ms=53.4 emu·g-1) and superparamagnetic behavior with a block temperature (TB) of 215K. These properties make such Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles worthy candidates for the magnetic carriers of targeted-drug or gene therapy in future.

scholarly journals Deep learning for visualization and novelty detection in large X-ray diffraction datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Banko ◽  
Phillip M. Maffettone ◽  
Dennis Naujoks ◽  
Daniel Olds ◽  
Alfred Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractWe apply variational autoencoders (VAE) to X-ray diffraction (XRD) data analysis on both simulated and experimental thin-film data. We show that crystal structure representations learned by a VAE reveal latent information, such as the structural similarity of textured diffraction patterns. While other artificial intelligence (AI) agents are effective at classifying XRD data into known phases, a similarly conditioned VAE is uniquely effective at knowing what it doesn’t know: it can rapidly identify data outside the distribution it was trained on, such as novel phases and mixtures. These capabilities demonstrate that a VAE is a valuable AI agent for aiding materials discovery and understanding XRD measurements both ‘on-the-fly’ and during post hoc analysis.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Multi-Bragg Peak Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Florian Lauraux ◽  
Stéphane Labat ◽  
Sarah Yehya ◽  
Marie-Ingrid Richard ◽  
Steven J. Leake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Substrate ◽  
In Series ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Lattice Planes ◽  
Oriented Parallel

The simultaneous measurement of two Bragg reflections by Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction is demonstrated on a twinned Au crystal, which was prepared by the solid-state dewetting of a 30 nm thin gold film on a sapphire substrate. The crystal was oriented on a goniometer so that two lattice planes fulfill the Bragg condition at the same time. The Au 111 and Au 200 Bragg peaks were measured simultaneously by scanning the energy of the incident X-ray beam and recording the diffraction patterns with two two-dimensional detectors. While the former Bragg reflection is not sensitive to the twin boundary, which is oriented parallel to the crystal–substrate interface, the latter reflection is only sensitive to one part of the crystal. The volume ratio between the two parts of the twinned crystal is about 1:9, which is also confirmed by Laue microdiffraction of the same crystal. The parallel measurement of multiple Bragg reflections is essential for future in situ and operando studies, which are so far limited to either a single Bragg reflection or several in series, to facilitate the precise monitoring of both the strain field and defects during the application of external stimuli.

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