Eco-Friendly Fired Clay Tiles with Greenish and Greyish Colored Incorporating Alternative Recycled Waste Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 376-383
Author(s):  
Ubolrat Wangrakdiskul ◽  
Purinut Maingam ◽  
Natthakitta Piyarat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Green Glass ◽  
Clay Tiles ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
White Clay

This research intended to investigate the influence of rice husk ash (RHA), green glass cullet (GGC) and local white clay (LWC) in Thailand on the physical properties of fired clay tiles. Utilization of RHA and GGC were the main objectives. Proportion of RHA varying from 10-60% by weight was conducted. Specimens of mixture formulation were sintered at 950 °C. The results revealed that the formula no. A7 containing 70% GGC and 30% LWC can develop greenish color. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was carried out to characterize microstructure and found the glassy phase in fired specimen. Moreover, nepheline (Na2Al2Si2O8) and wollastonite (CaSiO3) were detected by the X-ray diffraction technique. These phases can promote the strength of fired clay tiles. Meanwhile, the specimen of formula no. B13 comprising 60% GGC, 30% LWC and 10% RHA can develop the mullite phase (3Al2O32SiO2). Effect of utilizing RHA in this formula can develop greyish color of ceramic tiles. Physical properties of formula no. A7 and B13 can achieve 30.15, 24.54 MPa of bending strength and 1.91, 11.72% of water absorption. They all can pass Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2508-2555). The result of this study can be employed to manufacture environmentally friendly fired clay tiles.

Identification and use of white clayey deposits from the area of Tamra (northern Tunisia) as ceramic raw materials

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moussi ◽  
M. Medhioub ◽  
N. Hatira ◽  
J. Yans ◽  
W. Hajjaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Quality Optimisation ◽  
Mixed Layers

AbstractWhite clayey geomaterials were collected from northeast of the Nefza region (northern Tunisia). These deposits belong to the Mio-Pliocene molassic basins (basin of Tamra-Sidi Dris, Boukhchiba) and Oligocene Numidien in the area of El Aouinet. Analysis by X-ray diffraction showed associations of halloysite and kaolinite (Tamra), kaolinite and illite (Aouinet zone) and mixed layers, kaolinite and feldspars (Boukhchiba zone). Semi-industrial processed bricks showed promising characteristics and were visibly free of defects. Ceramic tiles had a bending strength that met the required standards but water absorption was somewhat high. So, to achieve higher quality, optimisation needs to be carried out in the formulation of batches or in the processing conditions. Finally, the incorporation in whitish sanitary-ware glaze formulations generated smooth coating layers that showed the required strong brightness and were free of defects.

Microstructure and Physical Properties of Clay-Polymer Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Blanton ◽  
D. Majumdar ◽  
S.M. Melpolder
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layered Clay

ABSTRACTClay-polymer nanoparticulate composite materials are evaluated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The basal plane spacing provided information about the degree of intercalation and exfoliation of the 2: 1 layered clay structure. Both intercalation and exfoliation are controlled by the identity of the polymer and the clay:polymer ratio.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

scholarly journals Thermal, Structural, and Physical Properties of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruit Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Athmaselvi ◽  
C. Kumar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Lcr Meter

This study evaluates the physical properties of freeze dried tropical (guava, sapota, and papaya) fruit powders. Thermal stability and weight loss were evaluated using TGA-DSC and IR, which showed pectin as the main solid constituent. LCR meter measured electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Functional groups assessed by FTIR showed presence of chlorides, and O–H and N–H bonds in guava, chloride and C–H bond in papaya, and chlorides, and C=O and C–H bonds in sapota. Particle size and type of starch were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microstructure through scanning electronic microscopy. A semicrystalline profile and average particle size of the fruit powders were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and lamellar/spherical morphologies by SEM. Presence of A-type starch was observed in all three fruits. Dependence of electric and dielectric properties on frequency and temperature was observed.

Lithofacies Analysis and Qualitative Minerology of the Sediments of #3 Well in the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-610
Author(s):  
K. Itiowe ◽  
R. Oghonyon ◽  
B. K. Kurah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sandy Shale ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Niger Delta Basin ◽  
Shaly Sandstone

The sediment of #3 Well of the Greater Ughelli Depobelt are represented by sand and shale intercalation. In this study, lithofacies analysis and X-ray diffraction technique were used to characterize the sediments from the well. The lithofacies analysis was based on the physical properties of the sediments encountered from the ditch cuttings.  Five lithofacies types of mainly sandstone, clayey sandstone, shaly sandstone, sandy shale and shale and 53 lithofacies zones were identified from 15 ft to 11295 ft. The result of the X-ray diffraction analysis identified that the following clay minerals – kaolinite, illite/muscovite, sepiolite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite; with kaolinite in greater percentage. The non-clay minerals include quartz, pyrite, anatase, gypsum, plagioclase, microcline, jarosite, barite and fluorite; with quartz having the highest percentage. Therefore, due to the high percentage of kaolinite in #3 well, the pore filing kaolinite may have more effect on the reservoir quality than illite/muscovite, chlorite and sepiolite. By considering the physical properties, homogenous and heterogeneous nature of the #3 Well, it would be concluded that #3 Well has some prospect for petroleum and gas exploration.

scholarly journals Solvent Concentration Effect on Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Dissolution Profiles of Acyclovir-Nicotinamide Cocrystals

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyawan D. ◽  
Siswandono Siswandono ◽  
Winantari A. N. ◽  
Zu’aimah K.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissolution Properties ◽  
Slurry Method

Objective : Acyclovir (ACV) is well-known antiviral agent that has absorption problem, mainly due to its poor solubility in water and oral bioavailability. To improve acyclovir physical properties, especially dissolution properties, acyclovirnicotinamide(NCT) cocrystal was formed. Methods : ACV-NCT cocrystal was prepared using slurry method using ethanol as solvent with different concentration. The ACV-NCT cocrystal from each sample groups was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and then dissolution properties evaluated. Results : Each ACV-NCT cocrystals prepared from slurry method with different ethanol concentrations have different PXRD profile. Dissolution analysis (ED15) showed that ACV-NCT cocrystallization using slurry methods with 10,0 ml/g as ethanol concentration significantly increase ED15 values compared to acyclovir and acyclovir-nicotinamide physical mixture (α=0,05). Conclusion : ACV-NCT cocrystal successfully formed using slurry method with 10,0 ml/g as optimal ethanol concentration.

Effects of Electron Beam on Structure and Physical Properties of Natural Colorless Topaz

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Chutharat Paikaew ◽  
Juthamas Inthanont ◽  
Adisak Punyanut ◽  
Ekachai Hoonnivathana ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Function Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
Beam Dose

The purpose of this research was to investigate physical properties, configuration and color of topaz. Topazes were irradiated with electron beam linear accelerator at different dose from 40 to 180 MGy. The color of topaz was analyzed by UV-vis and it was shown that the color of topaz was becoming strong color with increased electron beam dose. Crystal structure and function group of topaz were characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the topaz has orthorhombic structure and no other crystalline. After irradiated, topaz released OH indicating higher crystallinity of topaz and this was confirmed with the results of electron spin resonance (ESR). Electron beam dose response of topaz was investigated. ESR results showed that the Al3+ ion was substituted in Si4+ site and Ti3+ impurity in Al4+ site and this result corresponds to the results of FTIR. The experiment result indicated that electron beam could be making defect on crystal structure and color enhancement of topaz.

Physical properties of glycosyl diacylglycerols. 2. X-ray diffraction studies of a homologous series of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols

Biochemistry ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (34) ◽  
pp. 7799-7804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Sen ◽  
Sek Wen Hui ◽  
David A. Mannock ◽  
Ruthven N. A. H. Lewis ◽  
Ronald N. McElhaney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Structure Characterization of Sintered CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic Reinforced with Spodumene

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Zi Fan Xiao ◽  
Jin Shu Cheng ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray

A glass-ceramic belonging to the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS) system with different composition of spodumene and doping the Li2O with amount between 0~2.5 % (mass fraction) were prepared by onestage heat treatment, under sintering and crystallization temperature at 1120 °C for two hours. In this paper, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and bending strength test were employed to investigate the microstructure and properties of all samples. β-wollastonite crystals were identified as the major crystalline phases, and increasing Li2O was found to be benefit for the crystallization and tiny crystalline phases remelting, resulting in the content of major crystalline phases increased first and then decreased with increasing the expense of spodumene. Meanwhile, the crystal size can be positively related with the content of Li2O. The preferable admixed dosage of spodumene can be obtained, besides the strength of glass-ceramics can be more than 90 MPa.

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