Adhesion Strength of Organic-Inorganic Terpolymers Containing Nanostructured Poly(Titanium Oxide) with Self-Cleaning Properties to Different Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Olga A. Ryabkova ◽  
Mariia Shirokova ◽  
E.V. Salomatina ◽  
L.A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Shear Deformations ◽  
Contact Wetting Angle ◽  
Metal Materials

Optically transparent organic-inorganic terpolymers based on poly (titanium oxide), hydroxyethyl methacrylate and organic monomers of the vinyl and (meth) acrylic series (acrylonitrile, butyl methacrylate, vinyl butyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate) were obained as a coating on silicate glass, polycarbonate, touch-up paint and metal. Materials’ light transmittance in the visible spectral range is 87 - 92% depending on the composition. The adhesion of terpolymers’ thin layers to substrates of various natures was investigated under shear deformations and by the lattice notch method according to ISO 15140. It was found that it is necessary to selectively excerpt composition of terpolymers in accordance with the nature of the substrate for creation adhesive durable coatings. The most durable coatings are formed on glass, polycarbonate and automotive enamel. It was revealed that the nature of the substrate and the composition of organic-inorganic terpolymers affect the hydrophobicity of the coatings and their ability to hydrophilize under the influence of UV-irradiation. The contact wetting angle of coatings with water, on average, reversibly varied within ~ 90 ° ↔ ~ 30 °.

scholarly journals Microwave Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Color Grading Diamonds

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3507
Author(s):  
Yossi Rabinowitz ◽  
Ariel Etinger ◽  
Asher Yahalom ◽  
Haim Cohen ◽  
Yosef Pinhasi
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Property ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Color Grade ◽  
Color Grading ◽  
Nitrogen Contamination

A diamond’s color grading is a dominant property that determines its market value. Its color quality is dependent on the light transmittance through the diamond and is largely influenced by nitrogen contamination, which induces a yellow/brown tint within the diamond, as well as by structural defects in the crystal (in rare cases boron contamination results in a blue tint). Generally, spectroscopic instrumentation (in the infrared or UV–visible spectral range) is used in industry to measure polished and rough diamonds, but the results are not accurate enough for precise determination of color grade. Thus, new methods should be developed to determine the color grade of diamonds at longer wavelengths, such as microwave (MV). No difference exists between rough and polished diamonds regarding stray light when the MW frequency is used. Thus, several waveguides that cover a frequency range of 3.95–26.5 GHz, as well as suitable resonator mirrors, have been developed using transmission/reflection and resonator methods. A good correlation between the S12 parameter and the nitrogen contamination content was found using the transmission/reflection method. It was concluded that electromagnetic property measurements of diamonds in the MW frequency range can be used to determine their nitrogen content and color grading. The MW technique results were in good agreement with those obtained from the infrared spectra of diamonds.

scholarly journals Solvent Effects on Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Butyl Methacrylate

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Idowu ◽  
Robin Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is an important component of many acrylic resins used in coatings formulations, as the functionality ensures that the chains participate in the cross-linking reactions required to form the final product. Hence, the knowledge of their radical copolymerization kinetic coefficients is vital for both process and recipe improvements. The pulsed laser polymerization (PLP) technique is paired with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to provide kinetic coefficients for the copolymerization of HEMA with butyl methacrylate (BMA) in various solvents. The choice of solvent has a significant impact on both copolymer composition and on the composition-averaged propagation rate coefficient (kp,cop). Compared to the bulk system, both n-butanol and dimethylformamide reduce the relative reactivity of HEMA during copolymerization, while xylene as a solvent enhances HEMA reactivity. The magnitude of the solvent effect varies with monomer concentration, as shown by a systematic study of monomer/solvent mixtures containing 50 vol%, 20 vol%, and 10 vol% monomer. The observed behavior is related to the influence of hydrogen bonding on monomer reactivity, with the experimental results fit using the terminal model of radical copolymerization to provide estimates of reactivity ratios and kp,HEMA.

Study on Absorptive Property and Structure of Resin Copolymerized by Butyl Methacrylate with Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiku Xu ◽  
Changfa Xiao ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
Zhe Song ◽  
Zhiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Absorptive Property

Inorganic luminescent pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Luminescent Materials ◽  
X Rays ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Acceptor Pair ◽  
Decay Times

Abstract Inorganic luminescent pigments (luminescent materials, luminophores, phosphors) as synthetically generated crystalline compositions absorb energy followed by emission of light with lower energy, respectively, longer wavelengths. The light emission occurs often in the visible spectral range. External energy is necessary to enable luminescent materials to generate light. Luminescent pigments are divided into fluorescent and phosphorescent pigments. This classification goes back to different energy transitions. Emission based on allowed optical transitions, with decay times in the order of µs or faster is defined as fluorescence. Emission with longer decay times is called phosphorescence. The occurrence of fluorescence or phosphorescence as well as the decay time depend on structure and composition of a specific luminophore. There are four luminescence mechanisms discussed for inorganic luminescent materials: center luminescence, charge-transfer luminescence, donor–acceptor pair luminescence, and long-afterglow phosphorescence. The emission of luminescent light can have its origin in different excitation mechanisms such as optical excitation (UV radiation or even visible light), high-voltage or low-voltage electroluminescence and excitation with high energy particles (X-rays, γ-rays). Inorganic luminescent pigments are used mainly in fluorescent lamps, cathode-ray tubes, projection television tubes, plasma display panels, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and for X-ray and γ-ray detection. The pigment particles are dispersed for the applications in specific binder systems. They are applied in form of thin layers and by means of luminophore/solvent suspensions, containing adhesive agents, on a substrate.

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