Analysis of Laser Surface Hardening of GM246 Cast Iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 596-601
Author(s):  
Hui Zhen Wang ◽  
Yue Wen Zhai ◽  
Le Yu Zhou ◽  
Zi Bo Zhang ◽  
Gang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Laser Surface Modification ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening

Laser surface modification technology is one of the most advanced technologies, which uses laser to modify the characteristics of the surface to offer superior performance for various industrial applications. In this study, laser surface hardening behavior of GM246 case iron was investigated. Result shows that excellent laser surface hardening of GM246 cast iron need low power density and scanning speed. With power of 2500 W, scanning speed of 300 mm/min and power density of 2500 W/cm2, the laser surface hardening of GM246 cast iron achieved the hardness of 790HV, which was 2-3 times higher than the hardness of base metal. Also, the depth of laser surface hardening case achieved 0.9 mm and the hardening case demonstrated three subzones.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on a novel approach for laser surface hardening modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Orazi ◽  
A. Rota ◽  
B. Reggiani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Laser Treatments ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Short Time

AbstractLaser surface hardening is rapidly growing in industrial applications due to its high flexibility, accuracy, cleanness and energy efficiency. However, the experimental process optimization can be a tricky task due to the number of involved parameters, thus suggesting for alternative approaches such as reliable numerical simulations. Conventional laser hardening models compute the achieved hardness on the basis of microstructure predictions due to carbon diffusion during the process heat thermal cycle. Nevertheless, this approach is very time consuming and not allows to simulate real complex products during laser treatments. To overcome this limitation, a novel simplified approach for laser surface hardening modelling is presented and discussed. The basic assumption consists in neglecting the austenite homogenization due to the short time and the insufficient carbon diffusion during the heating phase of the process. In the present work, this assumption is experimentally verified through nano-hardness measurements on C45 carbon steel samples both laser and oven treated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique.

Laser Surface Hardening of Gray Cast Iron Used for Piston Ring

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Hwang ◽  
Yun-Sig Lee ◽  
Dae-Young Kim ◽  
Joong-Geun Youn
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening

scholarly journals Study on Laser Surface Hardening Behavior of 42CrMo Press Brake Die

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Huizhen Wang ◽  
Yuewen Zhai ◽  
Leyu Zhou ◽  
Zibo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Kernel Average Misorientation ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Electron Backscattering Diffraction ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Grain Orientation Spread

Laser surface hardening is a promising surface technology to enhance the properties of surfaces. This technology was used on the 42CrMo press brake die. Its hardening behavior was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction. The results indicated that the martensite in the hardening zone was significantly finer than that in the substrate. There were many low-angle grain boundaries in the martensite of the hardening zone, and the kernel average misorientation and grain orientation spread in the hardening zone grains were obviously greater, which further improved the hardness of the hardening zone, especially near the substrate. The microstructure and the properties of the blade maintained excellent uniformity with treatment by single-pass laser surface hardening with a spot size of 2 mm, scanning speed of 1800 mm/min, and power of 2200 W. The hardness of the hardening zone was 1.6 times higher than that of the base material, and the thickness of the hardening zone reached 1.05 mm.

scholarly journals Comparison of Wear Performance of Austempered and Quench-Tempered Gray Cast Irons Enhanced by Laser Hardening Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Bingxu Wang ◽  
Gary C. Barber ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yuming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Hardening Treatment

The current research studied the effects of laser surface hardening treatment on the phase transformation and wear properties of gray cast irons heat treated by austempering or quench-tempering, respectively. Three austempering temperatures of 232 °C, 288 °C, and 343 °C with a constant holding duration of 120 min and three tempering temperatures of 316 °C, 399 °C, and 482 °C with a constant holding duration of 60 min were utilized to prepare austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens with equivalent macro-hardness values. A ball-on-flat reciprocating wear test configuration was used to investigate the wear resistance of austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens before and after applying laser surface-hardening treatment. The phase transformation, hardness, mass loss, and worn surfaces were evaluated. There were four zones in the matrix of the laser-hardened austempered gray cast iron. Zone 1 contained ledeburite without the presence of graphite flakes. Zone 2 contained martensite and had a high hardness, which was greater than 67 HRC. Zone 4 was the substrate containing the acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite with a hardness of 41–27 HRC. In Zone 3, the substrate was tempered by the low thermal radiation. For the laser-hardened quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, three zones were observed beneath the laser-hardened surface. Zone 1 also contained ledeburite, and Zone 2 was full martensite. Zone 3 was the substrate containing the tempered martensite. The tempered martensite became coarse with increasing tempering temperature due to the decomposition of the as-quenched martensite and precipitation of cementite particles. In the wear tests, the gray cast iron specimens without heat treatment had the highest wear loss. The wear performance was improved by applying quench-tempering heat treatment and further enhanced by applying austempering heat treatment. Austempered gray cast iron specimens had lower mass loss than the quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, which was attributed to the high fracture toughness of acicular ferrite and stable austenite. After utilizing the laser surface hardening treatment, both austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens had decreased wear loss due to the high surface protection provided by the ledeburitic and martensitic structures with high hardness. In the worn surfaces, it was found that cracks were the dominant wear mechanism. The results of this work have significant value in the future applications of gray cast iron engineering components and provide valuable references for future studies on laser-hardened gray cast iron.

scholarly journals Laser Surface Hardening of Ni-hard White Cast Iron

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Samar Reda Al-Sayed ◽  
Ahmed Magdi Elshazli ◽  
Abdel Hamid Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
The Core ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
The Impact

Laser surface treatment on two different types of nickel–chromium white cast iron (Ni-hard) alloys (Ni-hard 1 and Ni-hard 4) was investigated. Nd:YAG laser of 2.2-kw with continuous wave was used. Ni-hard alloys are promising engineering materials, which are extensively used in applications where good resistance to abrasion wear is essential. The conventional hardening of such alloys leads to high wear resistance nevertheless, the core of the alloy suffers from low toughness. Therefore, it would be beneficial to harden the surface via laser surface technology which keeps the core tough enough to resist high impact shocks. A laser power of different levels (600, 800 and 1000 Watts) corresponding to three different laser scanning speeds (3, 4 and 5 m·min−1) was adopted hoping to reach optimum conditions for wear resistance and impact toughness. The optimum condition for both properties was recorded at heat input of 16.78 J·mm−2. The present findings reflect that the microhardness values and wear resistance clearly increased after laser hardening by almost three times due to laser surface hardening, whereas, the impact toughness was increased from five joules obtained from conventionally heat-treated samples to 6.4 J as gained from laser-treated samples.

Optimisation of Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser Processing of Gray Cast Iron for Enhanced Surface Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazliana Fauzun ◽  
Syarifah Nur Aqida ◽  
Md Saidin Wahab ◽  
Wahab Saidin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Laser Surface Modification ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Enhanced Surface

This paper presents laser surface modification of gray cast iron for enhanced surface hardness properties. A 300 W high power Nd:YAG laser system with pulse mode was used to modify gray cast iron samples surface. Laser processing was conducted using a 33 full factorial design. Three controlled parameters were laser power, pulse duration and overlap percentage. The modified surface was characterised for metallographic study, roughness and hardness. Metallographic study and surface morphology were conducted using optical microscope while hardness properties were measured using Vickers scale. Surface roughness was measured using a 2D stylus profilometer. The results show that hardness of laser modified surface increased due to grain refinement. The overlapping rates increased significantly with decreasing laser scanning speed which affected sample surface integrity. Low surface roughness obtained at the highest scanning speed of 1400 mm/min, and low power of 830 W with pulse repetition frequency of 50 Hz. Process optimization was carried out for maximum surface hardness and laser modified depth, and minimum surface roughness. These findings indicate potential application of cast iron for high wear resistant applications through laser surface modification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document