Residual Stress in α-Brass during Annealing

2008 ◽  
Vol 571-572 ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Wawszczak ◽  
Andrzej Baczmanski ◽  
Krzysztof Wierzbanowski ◽  
Sebastian Wroński ◽  
Chedly Braham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Consistent Approach ◽  
Anisotropic Diffraction

The evolution of residual stress and crystallographic texture during thermal treatment was studied using X-ray diffraction. Polycrystalline α-brass samples were examined after cold rolling and afterwards after annealing at different temperatures in the range of 50 0C - 450 0C. Additionally, the width of the diffraction peak was measured in order to estimate the variation of the dislocation density. The interpretation of experimental data was based on a fitting procedure for which the anisotropic diffraction elastic constants calculated by a self-consistent approach were used. As the result of analysis, the values of the first order and second order stresses were determined in each sample.

Problems Associated with Kα Doublet in Residual Stress Measurements

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
B. D. Cullity
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Silicon Powder ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Since the measurement of residual stress by X-ray diffraction techniques is dependent on the difference in angle of a diffraction peak maximum when the sample is examined consecutively with its surface at two different angles to the diffracting planes, it is important that these diffraction angles be obtained precisely, preferably with an accuracy of ± 0.01 deg. 2θ. Similar accuracy is desired in precise lattice parameter determination. In such measurements, it is imperative that the diffractometer be well-aligned. It is in the context of diffractometer alignment with the aid of a silicon powder standard free of residual stress that the diffraction peak analysis techniques described here have been developed, preparatory to residual stress determinations.

Studies of Half-Cell for Anode Supported SOFC after Reduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2511-2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Feng Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrolyte Layer ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Different Temperatures

The performance of half-cell for anode supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) is necessary to wide use of SOFCs. This work is to study the reduction degree of anode and the residual stress changes that occur during hydrogen reduction on the different temperatures and in different times. The porosity of the specimens with oxidation is less than that of the reduction one. There is no Ni phase in the sample before hydrogen reduction. After hydrogen reduction on 1000°C for 6 hours, there is no NiO phase in the sample. It reveals the NiO has been reduced into Ni completely. We also investigate residual stresses in the electrolyte layer using X-ray diffraction. The residual stress value of electrolyte is about -844.1MPa before reduction. After hydrogen reduction on 800°C for 9 hours, the residual stress is decreased to -474.8MPa. So the reduction temperature can choose as 600°C and the reduction time can choose as 9 hours.

Through Thickness Residual Stress Measurements by Neutron Diffraction and Hole Drilling in a Single Laser-Peened Spot on a Thin Aluminium Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burak Toparli ◽  
Michael E. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling

Residual stress measurements are very challenging in thin aluminium plates. Rolling-induced crystallographic texture can lead to an S-shape fit when using the sin2ψ method for surface X-ray diffraction. Peak broadening and missing peaks can also be observed for synchrotron X-ray diffraction with conventional θ/2θ scanning due to texture. In addition, when measuring near the plate surfaces, partially-filled gauge volumes in diffraction experiments will lead to “pseudo-strains”, an apparent shift between measured and actual positions for the diffraction peak. Obtaining a meaningful value of d0 for strain calculations is another issue for diffraction experiments in thin plates. The low thickness also offers challenges for destructive methods including incremental hole drilling, i.e. there is no defined ASTM standard for measuring non-uniform residual stress profile for thin plates. In this work, 2-mm-thick Al2024-T351 plate was investigated for residual stress fields due to laser peening. Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out at POLDI (Pulse Overlap time-of-flight Diffractometer) in PSI, Switzerland and the results are compared with incremental hole drilling.

X-Ray Diffraction Characteristics of Kovar Alloy and Al2O3 Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Qi Le Gao ◽  
Yi Liang Zhang ◽  
Jun Ming Zhou ◽  
Jia Gen Peng ◽  
Shou Liang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constant Strength ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Kovar Alloy

In order to study the residual stress of Al2O3 ceramics and kovar alloy after brazing, this article conducted both X-ray diffraction and strain gauges measurement. Using Stress diffractometer and constant strength beam calibration method to examine the x-ray diffraction characteristics of these two materials. And compare measured results and theoretical results. It is shows that the Al2O3 ceramics has two obvious diffraction peaks in 140°~170°, where the diffraction peak at 2θ=153° can reflect the changes of stress more accurately then one at 2θ=146°. For kovar alloy, there is only one diffraction peak at 2θ=149° in range of 140°~170° and it has good linear relationship with stress.

DENSIFICATION AND GRAIN GROWTH OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NIAL POWDER DURING PRESSURELESS SINTERING

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 2896-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MASHREGHY ◽  
M. M. MOSHKSAR
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Grain Growth Model ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Nial Powder

Nanocrystalline NiAl powder was prepared by mechanical alloying. The prepared powder was cold compacted and sintered at different temperatures and times. The crystallite size of green and sintered compacts was estimated from X-Ray Diffraction peak profile analysis. Thereafter, the Generalized Parabolic Grain Growth model and Master Sintering Curve concept based on Combined Stage Sintering model were employed to investigate the grain growth and densification behavior of nanocrystalline NiAl powder during sintering, respectively. The results of modeling were in a very good agreement to that of experiment. Finally, by comparing the modeling results the sintering parameters were optimized.

scholarly journals Non-destructive Micro-structural Characterization of Metallic Specimens with a Portable X-ray Diffraction based Residual Stress Analyzer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ganesh ◽  
D. C. Nagpure ◽  
Rakesh Kaul ◽  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
L. M. Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-destructive characterization of surface microstructure of an engineering component is an important parameter to assess its fitness to function in the given service conditions. The paper describes various case studies performed in authors’ laboratory involving use of portable X-ray diffraction based residual stress analysis system to examine and understand the micro-structural state of the investigated surface. A significant decrease in full width at half maximum (FWHM) of gamma(311) diffraction peak from about 4.2° in the cold worked state to about 2.5° in the annealed/surface melted state was recorded for austenitic stainless steel. In case of 0.4% carbon steel there is sharp increase in FWHM of alpha(211) diffraction peak from about 2° in the as received condition to about 5-6° in the laser hardened condition. Crystallographic texture developed during electro-plating of chromium on stainless steel, could be detected from the strong intensity of alpha (211) peak of chromium at about 19° to the surface normal with respect to all other X-ray inclination angles (ѱ) during residual stress measurement. The results show that FWHM and intensity variation of the diffraction peak are two sensitive parameters for characterization of surface microstructure. Change in FWHM has been used to detect machining-induced cold deformation and evolution of re-crystallized grains in austenitic stainless steel and formation of hard martensite in laser transformation hardened ferritic steel. Variation in the intensity of diffracted peak with respect to X-ray inclination angle provided valuable information regarding crystallographic texture in hard chrome plated deposits.

Reaction of Dental Zirconia with Phosphate-Bonded Investments for Heat Pressing Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Yoshihara ◽  
Seiji Ban ◽  
Tatsusi Kawai ◽  
Yoshinobu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

The aim of the study was to investigate the reaction of phosphate bonded investment to zirconia during for the heat-pressing technique. Two kinds of dental zirconia were used in this study (inCoris ZI and P-NANOZR). Zirconia was invested into the three kinds of phosphate-bonded investment (Ceravety, PC-15 and Norivest). The investments were fired at several different temperatures. The X-ray diffraction peaks due to monoclinic ZrO2 were not detected on the waxed-up side of zirconia discs. It demonstrates that no low temperature degradation occurred during the heating of the investment. X-ray diffractometry revealed that the peak assigned to ZrP2O7 was detected on the contact side of zirconia discs fired with phosphate-bonded investment at 850 and 950°C. It also revealed that diffraction peak assigned to YPO4 and the monoclinic ZrO2 were detected in the same side of zirconia discs contacted with phosphate-bonded investment fired at 1100 °C. It can be concluded that the reduction of Y caused the transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic phase and the reduction of strength.

scholarly journals A Superhydrophobic, Antibacterial, and Durable Surface of Poplar Wood

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jian Gan ◽  
Zhangqian Kong ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acid And Alkali Resistance ◽  
The Stability

The silver particles were grown in situ on the surface of wood by the silver mirror method and modified with stearic acid to acquire a surface with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray energy spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the reaction mechanism of the modification process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle tests were used to characterize the wettability and surface morphology. A coating with a micro rough structure was successfully constructed by the modification of stearic acid, which imparted superhydrophobicity and antibacterial activity to poplar wood. The stability tests were performed to discuss the stability of its hydrophobic performance. The results showed that it has good mechanical properties, acid and alkali resistance, and UV stability. The durability tests demonstrated that the coating has the function of water resistance and fouling resistance and can maintain the stability of its hydrophobic properties under different temperatures of heat treatment.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

Simulation and Experiment on the Residual Stress in Super-High Speed Grinding

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Yue Ming Liu ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Ting Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Grinding ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece

In this paper, effective finite element model have been developed to simulation the plastic deformation cutting in the process for a single particle via the software of ABAQUS, observing the residual stress distribution in the machined surface, the experiment of grinding cylindrical workpiece has been brought in the test of super-high speed grinding, researching the residual stress under the machined surface by the method of X-ray diffraction, which can explore the different stresses from different super-high speed in actual, and help to analyze the means of reducing the residual stresses in theory.

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