New Eco-Friendly Gypsum Materials for Civil Construction

The sustainable world’s economic growth and people’s life improvement greatly depend on the use of alternative products in the architecture and construction, such as industrial wastes conventionally called “green materials”. This paper concerns the main results of an experimental work carried out with the objective of developing new composite materials based on gypsum and incorporating waste material as granulated cork, a by-product of cork industry, and cellulose fibres, a waste of paper industry. Such materials are intended to be used as composite boards for non structural elements of construction, such as dry walls and ceiling. Cork (bark of the plant Quercus Suber L), a substance largely produced in Portugal, is a material whose characteristics are of considerable interest for the construction industry. It is regarded as a strategic material with enormous potential by its reduced density, elasticity, compressibility, waterproof, vibration absorption, thermal and acoustic insulation efficiency [1]. During the first stage of this research work the gypsum binder and its properties were studied. Then, composites with mineral additions (added to increase the waterproofing and resistance) were also developed and submitted to tests to determine their physical and mechanical properties. In last stage, reinforced composites using different industrial by-products have been developed. This paper will present the properties and the manufacture methods used to produce the above mentioned eco-friendly composites that can ease ways for using industrial wastes as new construction materials, with excellent inherent thermal and acoustic properties.

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Development of sustainable compositions and study of the properties of porous aggregates from the waste of a mining and processing plants

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128007006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 280 ◽

pp. 07006

Author(s):

Yevhen Liulchenko ◽

Serhiy Sakhno ◽

Tetiana Sergiienko ◽

Maxim Sergiienko

Keyword(s):

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Metallurgical Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Cement Stone ◽

Transport Costs ◽

X Ray ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Thermographic Analysis

In connection with the growing need for saving natural resources used in aggregates for concrete, the importance of lightweight structural aggregates obtained from production waste is continuously increasing. Lightweight structural concretes on porous aggregates can significantly reduce own weight of structures, make it possible to manufacture larger structures, reduce transport costs, and improve the thermal insulation and acoustic properties of enclosing structures. The use of waste from the mining and metallurgical industry to produce construction materials significantly reduces environmental pollution. The article is devoted to studying the possibility of using wastes from the mining and processing industry of enterprises of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin to produce lightweight porous aggregate. The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of the charge's granulometric composition, the quantitative content of the raw mix components, and the temperature of heat treatment on aggregate quality. The most suitable raw material mixture for artificial aggregate has been determined. The results of X-ray diffraction thermographic analysis of raw granules are presented. The influence of technological factors on the aggregate density and strength has been studied using mathematical modeling. The obtained equations made it possible to reveal the regularities of the raw mixture's components and temperature for the optimal aggregate density and strength. The results of studying the structure and porosity of the developed aggregate are presented. The results of X-ray thermographic analysis of the aggregate explain the mechanism of pore formation in the pellets. The basic physical and mechanical properties of the obtained aggregate are investigated, particularly attention pairing to the study of the aggregate’s contact zone with the cement stone.

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Geo Polymerization of Kaolin and Metakaolin Incorporating NaOH and High Calcium Ash

Earth Science Research ◽

10.5539/esr.v5n1p67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Nafeth Abdel Rahman Abdel Hadi

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Research Work ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Free Construction ◽

High Calcium ◽

Silica Alumina ◽

Drying Conditions

This research work aims to investigate the possibility to produce Ordinary Portland Cement free construction materials depending on the reactivity of high alkali liquids or solids with rich silica-alumina clay through geo polymerization process. Different mixtures of kaolin, metakaolin, bituminous limestone ash and NaOH were prepared and molded with different ratios. Standard cylindrical samples were prepared from each mixture and cured at ambient laboratory temperature for 28 days to investigate their physical and mechanical properties.The unconfined compressive strength results of Kaolin-NaOH mixtures have ranged from 19 to 30 kg/cm2 after 24 hours. The unconfined compressive strength results of kaolin ash mixtures have ranged from 23 to 36 kg/cm2 at 28 days. The unconfined compressive strength results of ash-metakaolin mixtures have ranged from 32 to 56 kg/cm2 at 28 days.Kaolin-NaOH samples revealed various degrees of efflorescence when subjected to wetting and drying conditions, on the other hand, ash –kaolin samples showed efflorescence free surfaces and increasing of strength with increasing the curing time.

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Corrosion monitoring and root cause identification in high solids concentrators

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.7.467 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 467-477

Author(s):

PASI NIEMELAINEN ◽

MARTTI PULLIAINEN ◽

JARMO KAHALA ◽

SAMPO LUUKKAINEN

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Black Liquor ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Potential Range ◽

Corrosion Monitoring ◽

General Corrosion ◽

High Solids ◽

Passive Area

Black liquor high solids (about 80%) concentrators have often been found to suffer from aggressive corrosion. In particular, the first and second effect bodies are susceptible to corrosion attacks resulting in tube leaks and wall thinning, which limit the availability and lifetime of evaporator lines. Corrosion dynamics and construction materials have been studied extensively within the pulp and paper industry to understand the corrosion process. However, it has been challenging to identify root causes for corrosion, which has limited proactive measures to minimize corrosion damage. Corrosion of the first phase concentrator was studied by defining the potential regions for passive area, stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and general corrosion. This was achieved by using a technique called polarization scan that reveals ranges for the passive area in which the equipment is naturally protected against corrosion. The open circuit potential, also known as corrosion potential, and linear polarization resistance of the metal were monitored online, which allowed for definition of corrosion risks for stainless steel 304L and duplex stainless steels 2205 and SAF 2906. An online temperature measurement added insight to the analysis. A process diagnostics tool was used to identify root causes of the corrosion attacks. Many of the root causes were related to process conditions triggering corrosion. Once the metal surface was activated, it was difficult to repassivate the metal naturally unless a sufficient potential range was reached.

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Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2756

Author(s):

Federica Vitale ◽

Maurizio Nicolella

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Thermal Analyses ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Research Trends ◽

Mix Design ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Natural Aggregates ◽

By Products

Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars.

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Dual UV-Thermal Curing of Biobased Resorcinol Epoxy Resin-Diatomite Composites with Improved Acoustic Performance and Attractive Flame Retardancy Behavior

Sustainable Chemistry ◽

10.3390/suschem2010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24-48

Author(s):

Quoc-Bao Nguyen ◽

Henri Vahabi ◽

Agustín Rios de Anda ◽

Davy-Louis Versace ◽

Valérie Langlois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Compacting Pressure

This study has developed novel fully bio-based resorcinol epoxy resin–diatomite composites by a green two-stage process based on the living character of the cationic polymerization. This process comprises the photoinitiation and subsequently the thermal dark curing, enabling the obtaining of thick and non-transparent epoxy-diatomite composites without any solvent and amine-based hardeners. The effects of the diatomite content and the compacting pressure on microstructural, thermal, mechanical, acoustic properties, as well as the flame behavior of such composites have been thoroughly investigated. Towards the development of sound absorbing and flame-retardant construction materials, a compromise among mechanical, acoustic and flame-retardant properties was considered. Consequently, the composite obtained with 50 wt.% diatomite and 3.9 MPa compacting pressure is considered the optimal composite in the present work. Such composite exhibits the enhanced flexural modulus of 2.9 MPa, a satisfying sound absorption performance at low frequencies with Modified Sound Absorption Average (MSAA) of 0.08 (for a sample thickness of only 5 mm), and an outstanding flame retardancy behavior with the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of 109 W/g and the total heat release of 5 kJ/g in the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) analysis.

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Frost Heaving Soil Road Use Synthetic Adhesive Reinforcement Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.759 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 759-762

Author(s):

Hao Zeng Bao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Reference Value ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Road Construction ◽

Experimental Methods ◽

Frost Heaving ◽

The World ◽

Rock And Soil

In many areas, there are still a development road construction materials, traditionally, often use reinforced concrete, asphalt and other adhesive method to strengthen the low strength of rock and soil anti-freeze expansion coefficient; And now all countries in the world are studying how to use industrial production waste development of new composite materials. One of the most development potential, the production of industrial waste - slime. This paper USES the Russian kazan national construction university experimental methods, in the experiment to improve frost heaving soil physical and mechanical properties of the method for the synthesis of adhesive, based on the feasibility and applicability, environmental assessment of research and analysis, for the use of adhesive put forward a lot of reference value.

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North European Export Industry and the Shadows of Sulphur Directive

Transport and Telecommunication Journal ◽

10.1515/ttj-2016-0002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Esa Hämäläinen ◽

Olli-Pekka Hilmola ◽

Andres Tolli

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Research Work ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Export Industry ◽

Eu Directive ◽

Oil Markets ◽

Regulation Change ◽

European Export

Abstract EU Directive of MARPOL Annex VI and its economic impact on the Nordic paper industry is theme of this research work. Empirical data for analysis purposes was gained from a large Nordic paper mill that exports bulk products mainly to Europe (70 % of its volume). The study shows that in the end the industry’s location still has an economical effect, and that the location has a distinct impact on competition through rising transportation costs. Environmental regulation continues and fosters long-term upwards trajectory of transportation cost, which has been experienced by the paper mill earlier during years 2001-2009. Sulphur regulation change to cleaner grades of maritime diesel did not turn as heavy cost increase in the 2015, however, possibility to gain cost benefits in rapidly deteriorating oil markets were not reached either. Therefore, in depressed industrial product markets, like paper industry, implications were such that margins of export industry remained low.

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Feasibility of Eco-Friendly Binary and Ternary Blended Binders Made of Fly-Ash and Oil-Refinery Spent Catalyst in Ready-Mixed Concrete Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10093136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carla Costa ◽

José Marques

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Construction Materials ◽

International Standards ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Spent Catalyst ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Ready Mixed Concrete ◽

Binary Blended Concrete ◽

Mixed Concrete

Large-scale recycling of new industrial wastes or by-products in concrete has become a crucial issue for construction materials sustainability, with impact in the three pillars (environmental, social and economic), while still maintaining satisfactory, or improved, concrete performance. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the technological feasibility of the partial, or total, replacement of fly-ashes (FA), widely used in ready-mixed concrete production, with spent equilibrium catalyst (ECat) from the oil-refinery industry. Three different concrete mixtures with binary binder blends of FA (33.3% by mass, used as reference) and of ECat (16.7% and 33.3%), as well as a concrete mixture with a ternary binder blend with FA and ECat (16.7%, of each) were tested regarding their mechanical properties and durability. Generically, in comparison with commercial concrete (i) 16.7% ECat binary blended concrete revealed improved mechanical strength and durability; (ii): ternary FA-ECat blended binder concrete presented similar properties; and (iii) 33% ECat binary blended concrete has a lower performance. The engineering performance of all ECat concretes meet both the international standards and the reference durability indicators available in the scientific literature. Thus, ECat can be a constant supply for ready-mixed eco-concretes production, promoting synergetic waste recycling across industries.

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Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 964 ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽

Hosta Ardhyananta ◽

Amaliya Rasyida ◽

Feisha Fadila Rifki

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Particulate Composites ◽

Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

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Development of the Technology of a Simultaneous Untilization of Heterogenous Industrial Wastes for a Construction Materials Production

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v9n1p51 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Konstantin Georgievich Pugin ◽

Yakov Iosifovich Vaysman ◽

Aleksandr Dmitrievich Potapov ◽

Dmitriy Vladimirovich Oreshkin

Keyword(s):

Construction Materials ◽

Industrial Wastes

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