Gigacycle Fatigue Response of PM versus Ingot Metallurgy Tool Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Danninger ◽  
Christian Sohar ◽  
Christian Gierl Mayer ◽  
Agnieszka Betzwar-Kotas ◽  
Brigitte Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Primary Carbides ◽  
Effect Of The Composition ◽  
Large Primary

In this work, the gigacycle fatigue response of several tool steel grades has been studied using an ultrasonic resonance testing device. It showed that both with ingot metallurgy (IM) and powder metallurgy (PM) tool steels, a true fatigue limit does not exist up to 10E10 cycles. PM steels resulted in significantly higher endurance strength levels than IM grades. However, there was virtually no effect of the composition and hardness of the materials, both for PM and IM grades cold work tool steels and high speed steels exhibiting virtually the same S-N curves. In the IM tool steel grades, crack initiation started at large primary carbides or carbide clusters, while in the PM grades, nonmetallic inclusions were the critical sites. In any case it is very important to avoid introducing residual stresses into the specimen surfaces during preparation, which would markedly shift the endurance strength levels.

LUKENS TOOL STEELS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Lukens cold-work tool steels A2, D2, O1, S5, and S7 are used in applications where an air-hardening, oil-hardening, or shock-resisting tool steel is required. These steels are available in full-size, annealed plates suitable for saw cutting and/or finishing. Parts can subsequently be machined and heat treated to a range of hardness requirements. For improved internal cleanliness, all Lukens cold-work tool steels are produced with maximum sulfur levels of 0.010%. This datasheet provides information on composition. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: TS-550. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

scholarly journals Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Drozd ◽  
Mariusz Walczak ◽  
Mirosław Szala ◽  
Kamil Gancarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Steel Grades

The tribological performance of metalwork steel tools is of vital importance in both cold and hot working processes. One solution for improving metal tool life is the application of coatings. This paper investigates the effect of CrAlSiN thin-film PVD-deposition on the tribological behaviour of tool steel K340. The sliding wear performance of the coated K340 steel is analysed in relation to both the uncoated K340 steel and a range of tool steels dedicated to hot- and cold-working, such as X155CrVMo12-1, X37CrMoV5-1, X40CrMoV5-1, 40CrMnMo7 and 90MnCrV8. The investigated tool steels were heat-treated, while K340 was subjected to thermochemical treatment and then coated with a CrAlSiN hard film (K340/CrAlSiN). The hardness, chemical composition, phase structure and microstructure of steels K340 and K340/CrAlSiN are examined. Tribological tests were conducted using the ball-on-disc tester in compliance with the ASTM G99 standard. The tests were performed under dry unidirectional sliding conditions, using an Al2O3 ball as a counterbody. The wear factor and coefficient of friction are estimated and analysed with respect to hardness and alloying composition of the materials under study. SEM observations are made to identify the sliding wear mechanisms of the analysed tool steels and PVD-coated K340 steel. In contrast to the harsh abrasive-adhesive wear mechanism observed for uncoated tool steels, the abrasive wear dominates in case of the AlCrSiN. The deposited thin film effectively prevents the K304 substrate from harsh wear severe degradation. Moreover, thanks to the deposited coating, the K304/CrAlSiN sample has a COF of 0.529 and a wear factor of K=5.68×10−7 m3 N−1 m−1, while the COF of the reference tool steels ranges from 0.702 to 0.885 and their wear factor ranges from 1.68×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1 to 3.67×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1. The CrAlSiN deposition reduces the wear of the K340 steel and improves its sliding properties, which makes it a promising method for prolonging the service life of metalwork tools.

UDDEHOLM VANADIS 23 SUPERCLEAN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
Strip Steel ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Process ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Metallurgy Process

Abstract Uddeholm Vanadis 23 SuperClean is a chromium-molybdenum-tungsten-vanadium high speed tool steel that is produced by the powder metallurgy process. This steel is similar to Type M3, Class 2 high speed tool steel, and combines high compressive strength with good abrasive wear resistance. It is suitable for demanding cold work applications like blanking of harder materials like carbon steel or cold rolled strip steel and for cutting tools. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-820. Producer or source: Uddeholms AB (a voestalpine company).

Tool Steels

2015 ◽  
pp. 621-645
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alloy Design ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Alloying Principles

Tools steels are defined by their wear resistance, hardness, and durability which, in large part, is achieve by the presence of carbide-forming alloys such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. This chapter describes the alloying principles employed in various tool steels, including high-speed, water-hardening, shock-resistant, and hot and cold work tool steels. It discusses the influence of alloy design on the evolution of microstructure and properties during solidification, heat treating, and hardening operations. It also describes critical phase transformations and the effects of partitioning, precipitation, segregation, and retained austenite.

scholarly journals Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of AISI A8 Tool Steel

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pello Jimbert ◽  
Maider Iturrondobeitia ◽  
Julen Ibarretxe ◽  
Roberto Fernandez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Secondary Carbide ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

The effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear behavior of different tool steels have been widely reported in the scientific literature with uneven results. Some tool steels show a significant improvement in their wear resistance when they have been cryogenically treated while others exhibit no relevant amelioration or even a reduction in their wear resistance. In this study, the influence of DCT was investigated for a grade that has been barely studied in the scientific literature, the AISI A8 air-hardening medium-alloy cold work tool steel. Several aspects were analyzed in the present work: the wear resistance of the alloy, the internal residual stress, and finally the secondary carbide precipitation in terms of lengths and occupied area and its distribution into the microstructure. The results revealed a reduction in the wear rate of about 14% when the AISI A8 was cryogenically treated before tempering. The number of carbides that precipitated into the microstructure was 6% higher for the cryogenically treated samples, increasing from 0.68% to 0.73% of the total area they covered. Furthermore, the distribution of the carbides into the microstructure was more homogenous for the cryogenically treated samples.

AISI TYPE H26

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Red Hardness ◽  
High Degree

Abstract AISI Type H26 hot-work tool steel is the 18 tungsten-4 chromium-1 vanadium high-speed composition with lowered carbon to provide a high-degree of toughness. It has high red hardness and good resistance to abrasion. It is preferable to the conventional hot-work tool steels for applications in which higher hardness must be maintained at elevated temperatures. It is also recommended in cold-work that involve long runs, but should not be used where liquid cooling is required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-294. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

UTICA

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract UTICA is a tungsten-carbon cold-work tool steel designed for many types of cutting tools where higher alloy, high-speed steels are not required. It is fairly deep hardening, holds a keen cutting edge and has excellent resistance to abrasion. Utica is used for many kinds of blanking and cold-forming punches. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-285. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

CARPENTER MICRO-MELT M-42 ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Production Technique

Abstract CARPENTER MICRO-MELT M-42 alloy is a super-high-speed tool steel produced by powder metallurgy. This production technique results in a more uniform structure, greater ease of grinding, improved wear resistance and toughness than is characteristic of conventionally produced high-speed tool steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-510. Producer or source: Carpenter.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characterization of AISI “D2” and “O1” Cold Work Tool Steels

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Algarni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Fracture Mode ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Aisi D2

This research analyzes the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of two cold work tool steels: AISI “D2” and “O1”. Tool steels are an economical and efficient solution for manufacturers due to their superior mechanical properties. Demand for tool steels is increasing yearly due to the growth in transportation production around the world. Nevertheless, AISI “D2” and “O1” (locally made) tool steels behave differently due to the varying content of their alloying elements. There is also a lack of information regarding their mechanical properties and behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the plasticity and ductile fracture behavior of “D2” and “O1” via several experimental tests. The tool steels’ behavior under monotonic quasi-static tensile and compression tests was analyzed. The results of the experimental work showed different plasticity behavior and ductile fracture among the two tool steels. Before fracture, clear necking appeared on “O1” tool steel, whereas no signs of necking occurred on “D2” tool steel. In addition, the fracture surface of “O1” tool steel showed cup–cone fracture mode, and “D2” tool steel showed a flat surface fracture mode. The dimple-like structures in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that both tool steels had a ductile fracture mode.

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