scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution of Allotropic Materials during Thermomechanical Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Poletti ◽  
Fernando Warchomicka ◽  
Martina Dikovits ◽  
Simon Großeiber
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate

The microstructure developed during hot deformation is the result of deformation mechanisms such as dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. Hot deformation can also result in damage and flow localisation, especially in multiphase metal based materials. Several models have been proposed to correlate the parameters of the deformation process (temperature, strain and strain rate) with the flow behaviour such as the processing maps. They were developed based on the dynamic materials model (DMM) and later a modified DMM introduced some changes in the calculation of the processing maps. The correlation of the relevant microstructural changes with thermodynamic parameters are tested and discussed. The data was obtained by using the Gleeble simulator with in situ quenching facilities. Microstructural studies related to the hot deformation of metals were carried out based on alpha-beta and near beta titanium alloys and on low carbon steels. The results are correlated with the efficiency of power dissipation, and the constitutive equations. In diffusion controlled processes such as dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallization, phase transformation and pore coarsening are related to high power efficiency, and to low n exponent. The efficiency of power dissipation is more sensitive to the deformation parameters than the constitutive equations for materials with phase transformation.

scholarly journals Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a New Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B Titanium Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Zhijun Yang ◽  
Weixin Yu ◽  
Shaoting Lang ◽  
Junyi Wei ◽  
Guanglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Temperature Range

The hot deformation behaviors of a new Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B titanium alloy in the strain rate range 0.01–10.0 s−1 and temperature range 850–1060 °C were evaluated using hot compressing testing on a Gleeble-3800 simulator at 60% of deformation degree. The flow stress characteristics of the alloy were analyzed according to the true stress–strain curve. The constitutive equation was established to describe the change of deformation temperature and flow stress with strain rate. The thermal deformation activation energy Q was equal to 551.7 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation was ε ˙=e54.41[sinh (0.01σ)]2.35exp(−551.7/RT). On the basis of the dynamic material model and the instability criterion, the processing maps were established at the strain of 0.5. The experimental results revealed that in the (α + β) region deformation, the power dissipation rate reached 53% in the range of 0.01–0.05 s−1 and temperature range of 920–980 °C, and the deformation mechanism was dynamic recovery. In the β region deformation, the power dissipation rate reached 48% in the range of 0.01–0.1 s−1 and temperature range of 1010–1040 °C, and the deformation mechanism involved dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.

Study on Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior in Deformed Austenite of 52100 Steel by Using JMAK-Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1833-1837
Author(s):  
Ke Lu Wang ◽  
Shi Qiang Lu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xian Juan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Good Agreement

A Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK)-model was established for dynamic recrystallization in hot deformation process of 52100 steel. The effects of hot deformation temperature, true strain and strain rate on the microstructural evolution of the steel were physically studied by using Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator and the experimental results were used for validation of the JMAK-model. Through simulation and experiment, it is found that the predicted results of DRX volume fraction, DRX grain size and average grain size are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

scholarly journals The Investigation on Flow Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy Using the Prasad Stability Criterion

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 5314-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Zyguła ◽  
Marek Wojtaszek ◽  
Oleksandr Lypchanskyi ◽  
Tomasz Śleboda ◽  
Grzegorz Korpała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests

Abstract The hot deformation behavior of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy obtained by the powder metallurgy (PM) method was investigated. Material for the research was produced by blending of elemental powders followed by uniaxial hot pressing. Thermomechanical tests of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al compacts were carried out to determinate the stress-strain relationships at the temperature range of 800 °C to 1000 °C and strain rate between 0.01 and 10 s−1. Based on the dynamic material model (DMM) theory, processing maps at constant strain value were developed using data obtained from hot compression tests. The processing maps were elaborated for the final strain value, which was 0.9, and with flow instability criterion domains applied to it. Two critical regions associated with the flow behavior of the investigated material were revealed. Microstructural changes during hot deformation at various temperatures and strain rates were discussed. The correlation between calculated efficiency of power dissipation, flow instability criterion, and microstructure evolution was determined. The presence of defects was confirmed in regions predicted by the instability maps. The microstructure of the investigated alloy, corresponding to the high efficiency of power dissipation characterized by the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) phenomena, was also shown. Additionally, average hardness values in relation to variable process parameters were designated. Based on the conducted studies and analysis, processing windows for Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy compacts were proposed.

scholarly journals Hot Deformation Behavior Considering Strain Effects and Recrystallization Mechanism of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Luo ◽  
Zhiyi Liu ◽  
Song Bai ◽  
Juangang Zhao ◽  
Diping Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Hot Deformation Behavior ◽  
Recrystallization Mechanism ◽  
Cu Alloy

The hot deformation behavior of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was investigated by hot compression test at deformation temperatures varying from 320 to 440 °C with strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 10 s−1. The results show that the Mg(Zn, Cu)2 particles as a result of the sufficient static precipitation prior to hot compression have an influence on flow softening. A constitutive model compensated with strain was developed from the experimental results, and it proved to be accurate for predicting the hot deformation behavior. Processing maps at various strains were established. The microstructural evolution demonstrates that the dominant dynamic softening mechanism stems from dynamic recovery (DRV) and partial dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The recrystallization mechanism is continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). The microstructure observations are in good agreement with the results of processing maps. On account of the processing map and microstructural observation, the optimal hot processing parameters at a strain of 0.6 are at deformation temperature range of 390–440 °C and strain rate range of 0.010–0.316 s−1 with a peak efficiency of 0.390.

Effect of β Annealing and near β Zone Hot Deformation on the Microstructure and Texture of TC18 Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Yi Min Cui ◽  
Wei Wei Zheng ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Ai Xue Sha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Phase Zone ◽  
Β Phase

Forged TC18 alloy billets with strong <100> texture were selected to investigate the effects of β annealing and near β zone hot deformation on the microstructure and texture by means of optical microscopy, XRD and EBSD techniques. The results showed that the original <100> fiber texture can’t be eliminated through β annealing although completed static recrystallization happened during annealing. After deforming in near β phase zone, the microstructures were composed of elongated β grains. A lot of small angle boundaries were observed near the original β grain boundaries, indicating that dynamic recovery controlled the deformation. Dynamic recrystallization grains can only be seen at the original β grain boundary at the strain of 50%. <100>//TD and <111>//TD texture were generated during the near β zone hot deformation. Annealing at dual phase zone after hot deformation can effectively reduce the proportion of grains with <111> orientation, but the <100>//TD texture still existed.

Formation of (Ferrite+Cementite) Microduplex Structure by Warm Deformation in High Carbon Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Furuhara ◽  
Takuto Yamaguchi ◽  
Shoji Furimoto ◽  
Tadashi Maki
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Critical Strain ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Tempered Martensite ◽  
Warm Deformation ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Microduplex Structure

The microstructure change by warm deformation in high-carbon steels with different initial ferrite (α) + cementite (θ) duplex microstructures has been examined. Three kinds of initial structures, i.e., pearlite, α+spheroidized θ and tempered martensite, were prepared using Fe-0.8C-2Mn and Fe-1.0C-1.4Cr alloys and compressed by 30-75% at 973K at a strain rate of 5x10-4 s-1. Equiaxed fine α grains, approximately 2μm in diameter and mostly bounded by high-angle boundaries, are formed with spheroidized θ by dynamic recrystallization during compression of the pearlite by 75%. When the (α+θ) duplex structure containing spheroidized θ was deformed, the original α grains become elongated and only subgrains are formed within them by dynamic recovery. For the tempered martensite, equiaxed α grains similar to those in the deformed pearlite were obtained after 50% compression. This indicates that the critical strain needed for the completion of dynamic recrystallization of α is smaller for the tempered martensite than for the other structures.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Content on Hot Deformation Behavior and Grain Growth in Nuclear Grade 316LN Stainless Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-wei Guo ◽  
Zhen-hua Wang ◽  
Ze-an Zhou ◽  
Shu-hua Sun ◽  
Wan-tang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Hot Deformation Behavior

316LN stainless steel with 0.08%N (08N) and 0.17%N (17N) was compressed at 1073–1473 K and 0.001–10 s−1. The hot deformation behavior was investigated using stress-strain curve analysis, processing maps, and so forth. The microstructure was analyzed through electron backscatter diffraction analysis. Under most conditions, the deformation resistance of 17N was higher than that of 08N. This difference became more pronounced at lower temperatures. The strain rate sensitivity increased with increasing temperature for types of steel. In addition, the higher the N content, the higher the strain rate sensitivity. Hot deformation activation energy increased from 487 kJ/mol to 549 kJ/mol as N concentration was increased from 0.08% to 0.17%. The critical strain for initiation of dynamic recrystallization was lowered with increasing N content. In the processing maps, both power dissipation ratio and unstable region increased with increasing N concentration. In terms of microstructure evolution, N promoted dynamic recrystallization kinetic and decreased dynamic recrystallization grain size. The grain growth rate was lower in 17N than in 08N during heat treatment. Finally, it was found that N favored twin boundary formation.

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