Preparation of ZrSiO4/C Inclusion Pigments by Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Methed Combined with the Process of Carbon Black Modification

2013 ◽  
Vol 745-746 ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hui Jiang ◽  
Yong Feng ◽  
Jian Min Liu ◽  
Qing Xia Zhu ◽  
Xia Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
B Value ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
Inclusion Pigment

nclusion pigments of ZrSiO4/C were prepared by nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method combined with the process of carbon black modification. The crystalline phases, microstructure, functional groups on the surface of carbon black and chromatic value of the pigments were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR and Colorimeter, respectively. The surface structural changes of the carbon black modified by nitric acid and the influences of process parameters on the chromatic value of the pigments were also investigated. The results show that the process of carbon black modification enhances the affinity and binding force between carbon black and ZrCl4 sol, which contributes to improve the effect of carbon black wrapped by ZrSiO4. The ZrSiO4/C inclusion pigment were obtained after calcining at 1000 °C for 8 h, and the L*, a* and b* value is 53.88, 0.74, and 1.88, respectively.

Scorching of Rubber Mixes. I. Structural Changes in Unfilled and Filled Stocks

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
B. A. Dogadkin ◽  
A. V. Dobromyslova ◽  
O. N. Belyatskaya ◽  
T. A. Gyul'-Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Carbon Blacks

Abstract 1. In the process of scorching there takes place a combination of the sulfur with the rubber. The flow of unfilled stocks heated at 120° ceases at the instant of combination of ∼0.5% sulfur reckoned on the stock. 2. In carbon black filled stocks there is an increase in the rate of combination of sulfur with rubber and a decrease in the time for which the stock is in the flow state, as the pH value of the carbon black added to the stock increases. 3. In processing a stock on the mill in the presence of fine-particle carbon black there is formed a rubber-carbon black gel, the amount of which hardly changes in the process of heating the stock in the plastimeter at 120°; only at the instant of cessation of the flow of the stock does its solubility decrease perceptibly. 4. In filled stocks in which a rubber-carbon black gel is formed in the course of treatment on the mill, the limiting amount of bound sulfur combined at the instant of cessation of the flow of the stock is less than in stocks in which no rubber-carbon black gel is formed. 5. Alteration in the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups upon the surface of the carbon black does not cause any important influence upon the amount of rubber-carbon black gel, but significantly alters the rate of combination of sulfur with rubber and the tendency of the stock to premature vulcanization. 6. Thus the phenomenon of premature vulcanization is governed for the most part by the reaction of the rubber with the sulfur and the other vulcanizing agents. In stocks with fine-particle carbon blacks there is also a significant influence from the formation of the rubber-carbon black gel in the processing of the stock on the mill.

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles: Study of the Process Parameters Influence on Structure and Particle Size Distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 912 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Renata Deliberato Aspasio ◽  
Jairo Freitas da Silva Jr. ◽  
Roger Borges ◽  
Juliana Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

The synthesis of silica particles at the nanoscale through the sol-gel method is of great interest due to their potential use in industrial applications. The Stöber method is the most used method for the silica nanoparticles production using ammonia as a catalyst. This work studied the sol-gel synthesis of amorphous silica nanoparticles described by Stöber, in order to evaluate the influence of the variation of the process parameters (molar ratio water/TEOS = 25 and 55, reagent feed rate = 0.6 mL/min and 18 mL/min, pH = 12 and 9 and reaction time of 0, 5, 30, 60 and 120 minutes) on the particle size distribution and structural functional groups. The particle size distribution was analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the structural functional groups was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy through Fourier transform (FTIR). The molar ratio water/TEOS influenced the functional groups presents and the time influenced the particle diameter distribution. It was not possible to identify the influence of the feed rate and pH in the results. The particle diameters found were between 200-500nm. This result may be occurred due to mass diffusion and/or nanoparticles aggregation.

Halogenation of ORMOSIL: A Promising Rout for Tailoring Optical Absorptions

2003 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Fardad ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Yadong Zhang ◽  
Bryson Case ◽  
Shibin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fiber Amplifiers ◽  
Grignard Reaction ◽  
Coupling Loss ◽  
Beam Splitters ◽  
Silicon Technology ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Propagation Losses ◽  
Signal Intensities

AbstractFluorinated and photo-imageable precursors are synthesized through a Barbier-Grignard reaction for 1550-nm window. The precursors are used for the sol-gel process of integrated optic components for silica-on-silicon technology. Material compositions and process parameters are optimized to achieve internal absorptions >0.1 dB/cm and propagation losses of about 0.5 dB/cm at 1550 nm. Compact 1×16 Beam splitters are designed and fabricated which exhibit >0.3 dB power uniformity, >0.1 dB PDL and 1.5 dB coupling loss. By hybrid integration of the passive splitters and in-house fiber amplifiers, amplifying splitters are demonstrated at various signal intensities.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Colloidal Aqueous Sol-Gel Process for TiO2 Synthesis: The Peptization Method to Obtain Crystalline and Photoactive Materials at Low Temperature

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Julien G. Mahy ◽  
Louise Lejeune ◽  
Tommy Haynes ◽  
Stéphanie D. Lambert ◽  
Raphael Henrique Marques Marcilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Tio2 Anatase ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Calcination Step

This work reviews an eco-friendly process for producing TiO2 via colloidal aqueous sol–gel synthesis, resulting in crystalline materials without a calcination step. Three types of colloidal aqueous TiO2 are reviewed: the as-synthesized type obtained directly after synthesis, without any specific treatment; the calcined, obtained after a subsequent calcination step; and the hydrothermal, obtained after a specific autoclave treatment. This eco-friendly process is based on the hydrolysis of a Ti precursor in excess of water, followed by the peptization of the precipitated TiO2. Compared to classical TiO2 synthesis, this method results in crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles without any thermal treatment and uses only small amounts of organic chemicals. Depending on the synthesis parameters, the three crystalline phases of TiO2 (anatase, brookite, and rutile) can be obtained. The morphology of the nanoparticles can also be tailored by the synthesis parameters. The most important parameter is the peptizing agent. Indeed, depending on its acidic or basic character and also on its amount, it can modulate the crystallinity and morphology of TiO2. Colloidal aqueous TiO2 photocatalysts are mainly being used in various photocatalytic reactions for organic pollutant degradation. The as-synthesized materials seem to have equivalent photocatalytic efficiency to the photocatalysts post-treated with thermal treatments and the commercial Evonik Aeroxide P25, which is produced by a high-temperature process. Indeed, as-prepared, the TiO2 photocatalysts present a high specific surface area and crystalline phases. Emerging applications are also referenced, such as elaborating catalysts for fuel cells, nanocomposite drug delivery systems, or the inkjet printing of microstructures. Only a few works have explored these new properties, giving a lot of potential avenues for studying this eco-friendly TiO2 synthesis method for innovative implementations.

Radiotracer Studies of Carbon Black Surface Interactions with Organic Systems. I. Experimental Approach and Initial Results from Chemisorption and Vinyl Polymerization Studies

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin L. Deviney ◽  
Lawrence E. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Basic Reaction ◽  
Black Surface

Abstract Radiotracer techniques have been applied to the study of interactions of carbon black surface functional groups with two chosen organic systems. The basic reaction mechanisms demonstrated in this study may have implications in elastomer reinforcement. Direct radiochemical evidence supports the conclusions of Hallum and Drushel (based on less direct polarographic data) that surface quinonic groups exhibit hydrogen abstraction activity toward tertiary hydrogens in paraffinic hydrocarbons. Studies on the system carbon black and styrene using tritium radiotracer have provided direct evidence that phenolic hydrogens participate in the polymerization acceleration and graft polymer formation reaction and are transferred to the growing polystyrene chains as postulated by Donnet. Several methods have been developed for specifically labelling certain oxygenated functional groups on the carbon surface with tritium and for tritium labelling carbon black in aromatic hydrogen positions. The techniques developed in this work and the basic reaction mechanisms derived will permit this investigation to be extended into a radiochemical study of carbon black surface interactions with elastomer related systems of interest to the rubber industry.

A Study of Surface Modification on Adsorption Behaviors of Nanoporous Carbon

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeoung Ku Kim ◽  
Young Seak Lee ◽  
Seung Kon Ryu ◽  
Byung Joo Kim ◽  
Soo Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Adsorption Amount ◽  
Polar Functional Groups

In this work, to introduce polar functional groups on carbon surfaces, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were treated by nitric acid in order to enhance the adsorption capacity of propylamine which was one of toxic gases in cigarette smoke. It was found that the polar functional groups were predominantly increased up to 2.0 M of nitric acid, resulting in the increase of total surface acidity. It was found that the adsorption amount of propylamine of the modified ACFs was increased around 17% after a nitric acid treatment. From the XPS results, it was observed that propylamine was reacted with strong or weak polar (acidic) groups, such as COOH, -COO or OH existed on the ACF surfaces.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Phase Transition of Nanoalumina Synthesized by Auto-Combustion Route

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
Hasnah Mohd Zaid ◽  
Kean Chuan Lee ◽  
Noor Rasyada Ahmad Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Auto Combustion

Nanocrystalline Al2O3 powder has been successfully synthesized by a simple and fast sol-gel auto-combustion method. The transformation of crystalline phases of as-synthesized nano powders was investigated through X-ray diffraction in terms of their crystallinity and crystallite size. Subsequently, a detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation, including specific area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis revealed the crystallographic alterations and morphological information even at lattice scale which co-include the XRD analysis. The results obtained allow to explain the evolution of an amorphous state into different crystalline phases with increased calcining temperature; and their relation to particle size. The particle size is found to be closely related to phase transition of Al2O3 from γ → δ → θ → κ →α. The existence of distinctive bonds and band energy were studied by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. On the other hand, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) had also been performed to confirm the phase purity of nano powder.

scholarly journals The use of Liquid Smoke as A Substitute for Nitric Acid for Extraction of Amorphous silica from Rice husk through Sol-Gel Route

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 2079-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasinton Simanjuntak ◽  
Simon Sembiring ◽  
Kamisah Kamisah ◽  
D. Pandiangan ◽  
Faradilla Syani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Liquid Smoke

scholarly journals Oxidative Destruction of Vulcanized by Changing the Dispersion Composition of Oxidized Vulcanized

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov ◽  
Zhuldyz Smailova
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
Main Reaction Product ◽  
Oxidative Destruction ◽  
Rubber Component ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Dispersion Composition

The aim of the present work is to study the processes of oxidative destruction of waste vulcanizates (flakes) with nitric acid. The composition of the particles of the main reaction product was determined (oxidized vulcanized). The IR spectra of hexane and acetone extracts of the oxidized vulcanizates are also presented. It was found that the rubber component of the vulcanizates undergoes deep structural changes leading to the formation of products characterized by chemical heterogeneity

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