Influence of Speed of Processing in the Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polyamide 6 / Organoclay Nanocomposite

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renê Anísio da Paz ◽  
E.M. Araújo ◽  
L.A. Pessan ◽  
T.J.A. Melo ◽  
A.M.D. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Load Volume ◽  
Very High

The improvement in the properties of nanocomposites is achieved with a load volume fraction of up to 10% due to the very high ratio of the load aspect. Moreover, they have the advantage of being processed with conventional equipment and techniques (extrusion, injection, etc.) used for polymers. In order for the clay to be uniformly dispersed in the polymer and there to be good interaction with the polymer matrix, superficial treatments of the clays with organic salts are essential for it to become organophilic, and, thus the material obtained has better performance. In this study, it was evaluated the influence of two speeds (100 and 200 rpm) of processing and thermo mechanical properties of nanocomposites with 3% of bentonite clay prepared with two speeds and two threads. The nanocomposites showed better properties as compared to properties of polyamide 6, especially the samples heated at screw speed of 100 rpm.

Effect of fibre content on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre woven fabrics/polypropylene composite laminates

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110239
Author(s):  
Sheedev Antony ◽  
Abel Cherouat ◽  
Guillaume Montay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽  
Hemp Fibre

Nowadays natural fibre composites have gained great significance as reinforcements in polymer matrix composites. Composite material based on a polymer matrix reinforced with natural fibres is extensively used in industry due to their biodegradability, recyclability, low density and high specific properties. A study has been carried out here to investigate the fibre volume fraction effect of hemp fibre woven fabrics/PolyPropylene (PP) composite laminates on the tensile properties and impact hammer impact test. Initially, composite sheets were fabricated by the thermal-compression process with desired number of fabric layers to obtain composite laminates with different fibre volume fraction. Uniaxial, shear and biaxial tensile tests were performed and mechanical properties were calculated. Impact hammer test was also carried out to estimate the frequency and damping parameters of stratified composite plates. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was performed to observe the matrix and fibre constituent defects. Hemp fabrics/PP composite laminates exhibits viscoelastic behaviour and as the fibre volume fraction increases, the viscoelastic behaviour decreases to elastic behaviour. Due to this, the tensile strength increases as the fibre content increases. On the other hand, the natural frequency increases and damping ratio decrease as the fibre volume fraction increases.

A Permeability Model for Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites with Varying Clay Platelets Thickness

2018 ◽  
Vol 916 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhamid Al-Abduljabbar
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Bulk Polymer ◽  
Clay Platelets

Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCNC), are characterized by the high ratio of surface area to volume of the clay nanoparticles which are in the form of clay platelets with very high aspect ratio. This feature provides superior gas barrier properties at very low volume fraction of the nanofiller. Clay platelets introduce discontinuity to flows through the bulk polymer matrix material. The extent of this improvement depends on the success of separation of clay layers during processing which would produce single-layer particles (exfoliation) or several-layer particles (intercalation) through the bulk polymer matrix. This paper discusses the common permeability models used to capture the effects of the clay nanofillers in PCNC. Since these models assume a state of full exfoliation of clay platelets; that is a single phase of the nanofiller, they fall short of representing the actual state as evidenced by experimental works, which confirm the presence of both the intercalated phase and the exfoliated phase. A model that incorporates clay inclusions with different sizes (different thicknesses) is proposed and its implications are assessed.

Preparation and Chracterization of Nanocomposites of Polyamide 6/Brazilian Clay with Different Organic Modifiers

2008 ◽  
Vol 570 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Souza ◽  
Nelson M. Larocca ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Luiz Antonio Pessan
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Organic Modifiers ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Injection Molded

Nanocomposites of PA6 / organoclay at different concentration were prepared via melt intercalation method using a corotating twin screw extruder. The composites were prepared with Brazilian clay that was treated with different modifiers based on quaternary ammonium salts to obtain three types of organoclays. After extrusion the mixtures were injection molded into specimens that were tested to obtain the properties of tensile strength, notched izod impact and heat deflection temperature. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by x-rays diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the modifier “dodigen” which promoted the intermediate expansion of the bentonite clay within the three salts used for the modification of the clay affects more significantly the mechanical properties, HDT and morphology of the polyamide 6 due to the higher level of exfoliation observed in these systems compared to the others modifiers. The improvement of the properties was correlated to the level of exfoliation/intercalation obtained which depends on the process technique used, surface treatment of the Brazilian clays with organic salts and interaction between polymer and clay.

Micromechanical Model Prediction Overall Young Modulus Nanocomposites Polymer-Clay-Silica by Self Consistent Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Amar Mesbah ◽  
Krimo Azouaoui ◽  
Sid Ali Kaoua ◽  
Salah Boutaleb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Micromechanical Approach ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Consistent Approach

In order to address the problem of stiffness and mechanical properties, a micromechanical approach for the prediction of the overall modulus of nanocomposites (Nylon-6/nanoclay/silica) using a self-consistent scheme based on the double-inclusion model and taking into account the different morphologies exfoliated or intercalated of the nanoparticles. Self-consistent approach that is used in our calculations was explained after reviewing the inclusion of Eshelby, in particular the double inclusion and while considering also the effect of constrained region, modeled as an interphase around reinforcements. Namely, polyamide 6 reinforced with clay platelets and silica particles. Several parameters on the Young's modulus of the composite were studied to see the effect of having mixed two or three reinforcements in polymer matrix. Finally, we demonstrated the process undertaken for the calculation of elastic constants of the material studied.

scholarly journals Studying the effect of reinforcing by fibers and particles on mechanical properties for polymer Matrix composite materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Atiyah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composite ◽  
Graphite Particles ◽  
Wide Range

The using of polymer matrix composite materials has found a wide range of applications in our modern day world. This is as a result of the combination of characteristics which are achieved by these materials. This work aimed on the preparation of polymeric-matrix composite material in order to improve its mechanical properties by using more than one type of reinforcement with different volume fraction values. This composite materials prepared from unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix, reinforced by E-glass fiber with (5%) volume fraction and graphite particles of (1%, 3%, 5%,7% and 10%) volume fractions, and study  the effect of these fillers on the  properties of polyester. The reinforcing by different types of materials with different values of volume fraction led to improve the mechanical properties (i.e. tensile strength, modules of elasticity and hardness) significantly, because of the contribution of both graphite particles and glass fibers to bear the applied load, also due to the high hardness graphite particles  

Microstructures and mechanical properties of NiAl–Ni2AlHf alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takeyama ◽  
C. T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Heusler Phase ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Rapid Drop ◽  
Very High

The microstructure and mechanical properties of several Ni–Al–Hf alloys in the composition range between NiAl (β) and Ni2AlHf (Heusler phase) have been studied. The volume fraction of Heusler phase, Vf, in these alloys varies from about 15 to 96%. The lattice misfit between the β and Heusler phases in two-phase alloys is larger than 5%, indicating no coherency between them. The yield strength increases with increasing Vf at all temperatures to 1000°C. Compressive ductilities of 4 and 7% were obtained for the alloy with Vf of 15% at room temperature and 500°C, respectively, but they decreased to 0% with increasing Vf to 96%. The corresponding fracture mode is basically transgranular cleavage. However, all the alloys can be deformed extensively without fracture at 1000°C. The hardness of the Heusler alloy is very high (8.3 GPa) at room temperature, and it decreases gently with temperature to 600°C, followed by a rapid decrease to 1000°C. The brittleness and high hardness of the Ni2AlHf Heusler phase at low temperatures are interpreted in terms of internal lattice distortion resulting from its crystal structure. The thermally activated process of deformation takes place above 600°C, which is responsible for the rapid drop of the hardness of the alloys.

Preformed particle gels for enhanced oil recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (28) ◽  
pp. 2050260
Author(s):  
B. A. Suleimanov ◽  
E. F. Veliyev ◽  
N. V. Naghiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Ammonium Persulphate ◽  
Hydrophilic Interactions ◽  
Preformed Particle Gels

This study refers to the synthesis of new advanced preformed particle gels (PPGs) based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), Polyvinyl Pirrolidone (PVP) and bentonite clay. For the synthesis, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-methylenebisacrylamide was used as crosslinker and ammonium persulphate as initiator. As a consequence of the inclusion of clay into the polymer matrix and the intercalation of AMPS between the layers as well as the presence of hydrophilic interactions occurring between partners, the final PPGs possessed greater swelling degrees, slower de-swelling process, high thermal stability and enhanced mechanical properties in comparison with pure PPG.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Resins Based on Cu(II)phthalocyanines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer E. Youssef ◽  
Hamad Al-Turaif ◽  
AbdulAziz A. Wazzan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Very High ◽  
Polyurethane Matrix

This work report was reported on the effect of the addition of organic filler, that is, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-octahydroxycopper(II)phthalocyanine [(OH)8CuPc] (3), on the thermal, tensile, and morphological properties of a polyurethane matrix. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal tests together with microstructural characterization of CuPc/PU composites were performed. The three PU composite films containing up to 1, 15, and 30 wt% of CuPc have different behaviors in terms of their morphological issues, thermal properties, and tensile behavior in comparison with the PU film as the reference material. Very high elongations at break from 910% to 1230%, as well as high tensile strengths, illustrate excellent ultimate tensile properties of the prepared samples. The best mechanical and thermomechanical properties were found for the sample filled with 30 wt% of CuPc.

Effects of differences in mineralization on the mechanical properties of bone

1984 ◽  
Vol 304 (1121) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Very High

There is a considerable variation in the mineralization of bone; normal, non-pathological compact bone has ash masses ranging from 45 to 85% by mass. This range of mineralization results in an even greater range of mechanical properties. The Young modulus of elasticity can range from 4 to 32 GPa, bending strength from 50 to 300 MPa, and the work of fracture from 200 to 7000 Jm -2 . It is not possible for any one type of bone to have high values for all three properties. Very high values of mineralization produce high values of Young modulus but low values of work of fracture (which is a measure of fracture toughness). Rather low values of mineralization are associated with high values of work of fracture but low values of Young modulus and intermediate values of bending strength. The reason for the high value for the Young modulus associated with high mineralization is intuitively obvious, but has not yet been rigorously modelled. The low fracture toughness associated with high mineralization may be caused by the failure of various crack-stopping mechanisms that can act when the mineral crystals in bone have not coalesced, but which become ineffective when the volume fraction of mineral becomes too high. The adoption of different degrees of mineralization by different bones, leading to different sets of mechanical properties, is shown to be adaptive in most cases studied, but some puzzles still remain.

Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties and Morphology of the Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix of the Polyamide 6

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Jan Vácha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Properties Of Composites

This paper examines mechanical properties of composites with thermoplastic polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes. Polyamide 6 was used as a basic matrix, to which nanoparticles in the form of nanotubes were added in a described proportion to the weight. Granulate was prepared by cold granulation in the worm extruder. Dried granulate was injected into the Arburg injection molding machine. Mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile and hardness test. These results were then compared with results achieved by polyamide 6 to which no fillers were added. Discussion analyses what is the influence of nanotubes fillers on crystallinity degree of the polymer matrix of polyamide 6. Conclusion evaluates and compares influence of presence of fillers on the mechanical properties of polypropylene matrix.

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