Development of Polymer Membranes Modified with a Porogenic Agent

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Machado Medeiros ◽  
Diego Farias Lima ◽  
Carlos Antônio Pereira de Lima ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira ◽  
...  

Membrane is a barrier that separates two phases and limits wholly or partially carrying one or several chemical species present in the phases. In this study, membranes with a polyamide6 porogenic agent were obtained. The membranes were prepared as thin films by phase inversion method using the immersion technique, precipitation by varying the percentage of porogenic agent introduced and the time of exposure of the membranes during the process of immersion-precipitation. The membranes obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the SEM photomicrographs, a large morphological change was observed over the entire surface layer of the membranes, significantly affecting the size and number of pores. Furthermore, porogenic agent promoted the formation of pores and the increase in planar microporous membranes obtained.

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elieber Barros Bezerra ◽  
A.M.D. Leite ◽  
E.M. Araújo ◽  
T.J.A. Melo ◽  
C.T. Cunha ◽  
...  

Polymer blend is the name for the physical mixture of two or more polymers and/or copolymers, and this allows the obtention of new materials with superior properties to those of the pure components. The blends have been used in obtaining membranes in order to improve the barrier properties so that it can separate two phases totally or partially, restricting the transport of one or more chemical species. In this work, polymer membranes were obtained from blends of PA6/PPgAA and PA6/PP/PPgAA by phase inversion method and were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed through the diffractograms that there were no significant variations in the characteristic peaks of PA6, and through SEM, it was observed the formation of microporous asymmetric membranes, where they showed a surface with higher porosity to the binary and ternary blends and presented smallest pore diameter for binary blends.


2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Chen ◽  
Han Bing Ma

Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd metal particles were fabricated with dispersant sodium oleate by phase inversion method. The effects of dispersant content, temperature, and stirring speed and the average size of Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd metal particles were investigated by scanning electron microscope and particle size distribution analyzer. In addition, the preparation mechanism was preliminarily discussed. Finally, the optimized preparation conditions were determined and well-dispersed superfine Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd particles with average diameter of about 0.3μm were obtained.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Beata Fryczkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kowalska ◽  
Dorota Biniaś ◽  
Czesław Ślusarczyk ◽  
Jarosław Janicki ◽  
...  

Abstract This paper presents the results of studies on the preparation of cellulosic membranes, from a solution in 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc), using the phase inversion method. Initially, the membranes were obtained by coagulation of the polymer film in water and primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol), 1-hexanol, 1-octanol) resulting in membranes with significantly differing morphologies. Subsequently, composite membranes were produced, with the support layer being a membrane with the largest pores, and the skin layer a membrane with smaller pores. The resulting membranes were tested for physicochemical and transport properties. The morphology of the membrane surfaces and their cross-sections were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structure of the membranes, on the other hand, was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and WAXS structural analysis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jasiewicz ◽  
Robert Pietrzak

The effect of the amount of pore generating agent (polyvinylpyrrolidone) added to standard polymer membranes containing 18 wt.% of polyethersulfone on the physicochemical properties of the membranes and their capacity for removal of iron and copper ions from the liquid phase was studied. The membranes were obtained by the phase inversion method. The results have shown that the modification of polymer membranes by the use of different amounts of the pore forming agent in their syntheses leads to significant changes in porosity and has beneficial effect on equilibrium water content. The membranes studied were found to show different acid-base surface character, but for all membranes studied, a significant dominance of oxygen groups of acidic character was evidenced. The most effective were the membranes of the lowest content of polyvinylpyrrolidone, while the lowest values of resistance showed the membranes of the highest content of PVP, and so the ones of the greatest porosity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
AR. Sella Auliya

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to optimize the casting thickness in the preparation of Polyetherimide (PEI) membrane. PEI was performed using an immersion-precipitation-induced phase inversion method with a thickness range from 0.5 to 0.8 mm. The results of morphological analysis and cross-sections performed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed decreased pore size along with decreased casting thickness. The results of purified air permeability analysis using "dead end" membrane reactor showed membrane flux at 55,290.16 - 67,244,79 L / m2.h and modulus of prepared PEI rugs were in the range of 1,443,25 - 1,687,59 N / m2. Thus, PEI membrane casting thickness has resulted in increased mechanical strength and pure air permeability.Keywords: Membrane, Phase Inversion; Polyetherimide; Surface Morphology; Tensile Strength; Pemeability ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengoptimasi ketebalan cetak dalam pembuatan membran Polyetherimide (PEI). Optimasi ketebalan cetak membran PEI dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode inversi fasa terinduksi imersi-presipitasi dengan rentang ketebalan 0,5 – 0,8 mm. Hasil analisa morfologi permukaan dan penampang melintang dilakukan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) menunjukkan penurunan ukuran pori seiring dengan penurunan ketebalan cetak. Hasil analisis permeabilitas air murni menggunakan reaktor membran “Dead end” menunjukkan nilai fluks membran pada 55.290,16  – 67.244,79 L/m2.jam dan nilai modulus Young membran PEI yang dipreparasi berada pada rentang 1.443,25 – 1.687,59 N/m2. Dengan demikian, penurunan ketebalan cetak membran PEI telah menghasilkan peningkatan kekuatan mekanik dan permeabilitas air murni. Kata Kunci: Membran; Inversi Fasa; Polyetherimide; Morfologi Permukaan; Kekuatan Mekanik; Pemeabilitas


Author(s):  
Ho-Sang Shin ◽  
Jin-Ki Hong ◽  
Koo-Kab Chung ◽  
Hae-Dong Chung ◽  
Gwang-Yil Kim ◽  
...  

As the design life of new nuclear power plant increases, the austenitic stainless cladding integrity of reactor vessel becomes one of the new concerns. Since 1970’s, there have been some specific recommendations on delta ferrite content of austenitic cladding of reactor vessels and welds. It has been known that the delta ferrite is beneficial for reducing micro-fissure in welds, though the high delta ferrite content increases the probability of embrittlment of welds. In this study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of austenitic weld metals with the limit values of the recommended range (5 ∼ 18 FN) of the delta ferrite control on low alloy steels were characterized by using bending test and scanning electron microscopy. The base metal was ASME Code Sec. II specification SA 508 Gr. 3 Cl. 1 plate and weld materials were EQ308L and EQ309L strips. Four kinds of cladding were deposited with submerged arc welding process on SA508 cl.3 plates. The bending tests were performed through ASME code Sec. IX and the microstructure of fractured surfaces was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In bending tests, there were no fractures except the highest delta ferrite content specimens (28FN). From the SEM observation of fractured surfaces, cracks initiated from the interface between austenite and ferrites phases in the cladding layer and propagated through the continuous interfaces between two phases. For specimens without continuous interfaces of two phases, though the cracks were observed in the interface of phases, the propagation of cracks was not observed. From the test results, continuous interfaces between austenite matrix and ferrite phase provide the path for crack propagation. And the delta ferrite content affects the integrity of cladding of reactor vessel.


Author(s):  
Yuxin Pan ◽  
Kai Pei ◽  
Yucun Zhou ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Meilin Liu ◽  
...  

A straight, open and macro-porous Ni–BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3 fuel electrode-supported protonic ceramic electrochemical cell has been fabricated by a modified phase-inversion method.


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