Microstructure Observations of Graphite in Gray Cast Iron Using TEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 1911-1914
Author(s):  
Makoto Takezawa ◽  
Seung Won Lee ◽  
Susumu Ikeno ◽  
Kenji Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Flake Graphite

Cast iron is an iron alloy mainly composed of carbon and silicon, the amount of carbon is more than 2.1 mass%. Cast irons, gray cast iron and ductile cast iron, have been used as industrial parts and automobile parts widely because they have a good wear resistance and an excellent machinability. Graphite formation mechanism have been proposed, but, it is not established clearly yet. In this study, the microstructure of flake graphite was investigated to reveal the graphite formation mechanisms using FC250 alloy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were prepared using focused ion beam (FIB). In the case of a cross section of flake graphite taken perpendicular to its elongated direction using TEM, internal microstructure of flake graphite was observed layered structure. In the case of a cross section of flake graphite taken parallel to its elongated direction, clear microstructure was not observed. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) from flake graphite showed <0001> direction of graphite are mostly parallel to their thickness.

Cooling System Design for 1974cc Gray Cast Iron Alloy Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
Su Yin Win ◽  
Thwe Thwe Htay ◽  
Maung Maung Yi
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
System Design ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Gray Cast

218 Development of the nanocrystalline carbon iron alloy that has high strength based on the gray cast iron

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006.44 (0) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Hisashi OGAWA ◽  
Kenji HATANAK ◽  
Nobuaki MIYAO ◽  
Harumatsu MIURA ◽  
Kazuo ODA
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Carbon Iron

scholarly journals Evolution of the Macrostructure of Gray Cast Iron from Eutectic to Hypereutectic Composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos López ◽  
Juan M. Massone ◽  
Roberto Enrique Boeri
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Eutectic Reaction ◽  
Liquidus Line ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Coupled Growth

This work studies the evolution of the macrostructure of gray cast iron as the carbon equivalent (CE) increases from near-eutectic to highly hypereutectic values. The macrostructure of spherical samples of flake graphite irons of CE ranging between 4.24% and 5.23% was revealed by using direct austempering after solidification technique (DAAS). The results were analysed by applying the concept of coupled zone for gray cast irons. The coupled zone is a region in the stable Fe-C-Si diagram in which solidification proceeds as a cooperative growth of both austenite and flake graphite. The coupled zone for gray cast iron is claimed to be asymmetrical as the eutectic reaction is extended towards the prolongation of the austenite liquidus line. All the samples investigated in the present study show the presence of relatively large austenite grains, demonstrating that the number of active nucleation sites of austenite per unit volume is small. The observation of the microstructure shows the presence of several units of coupled growth inside each austenite grain, what proves that many eutectic colonies have grown from the same austenite nucleus, even for highly hypereutectic compositions. Colour etching was employed to reveal the “hidden” dendrites present in the microstructure. The results suggest that proeutectic graphite is not a good nucleating agent for austenite. These results contribute to the understanding of the solidification of hypereutectic gray irons and verify the earlier understanding of the solidification of eutectic gray irons and its extension to hypereutectic compositions.

Gray Cast Iron Behavior in Cavitation Erosion

2014 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinca Ionel Lupinca ◽  
Marian Dumitru Nedeloni ◽  
Dorian Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Cavitation Erosion Resistance

The paper presents the cavitation stand used, the work methodology, the trials realized on specimens of gray cast irons, with flake graphite and spheroidal-graphite, which were tested for cavitation erosion during different periods of time of the cavitation attack. Finally, the conclusions were interpreted on the basis of comparative graphics realized at the macro and microstructures level obtained for these two types of cast iron. Of the two types of gray cast iron, the nodular cast iron presents a better cavitation erosion resistance.

Interface Characterization of Bimetallic Casting with a 304 Stainless Steel Surface Layer and a Gray Cast Iron Base

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 993-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

Bimetallic castings are widely employed as working elements in winning machines which work in conditions of intensive friction wear. The main features of wear are: dynamic percussive loads, intensive abrasive wear caused by erosion and corrosion. Three cylindrical rods cavities of the same dimensions of φ 20x200 mm were made in sand mould. Different amount of liquid iron alloy with carbon equivalent of 4.14, Mn of 0.58 and Cu of 0.17 wt% was poured into the three rod cylindrical cavities over the solid 304 stainless steels cylindrical desks inserts. Good coherent interfaces for all liquid/Solid volumes (16 to 24) are produced and multi-layers interfacial microstructure bimetal are produced. Increasing the liquid/solid volumes from 16 to 24 increases the thickness of transient layer from 52 to 89 μm and decreases the amount of ledeburite in the structure of solidified gray cast iron.

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron in Lost Foam Casting

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kai Qiu ◽  
Bota Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Lost Foam Casting ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Lost Foam

In order to reveal the effect of vibration solidification on microstructure and properties of gray cast iron in lost foam casting, Y-shaped HT100 gray cast iron was prepared by vibration lost foam casting, and the effect of amplitude on the microstructure and properties of gray cast iron was studied. The results showed that, with the increase in amplitude, the short and thin A-type flake graphite increases, and the austenite structure transforms from columnar to cellular. The hardness, tensile strength, and elongation of gray cast iron first increase and then decrease with the increase in amplitude. The appropriate amplitude in the process of Y-shaped HT100 gray cast iron by lost foam casting is 2 mm, while the tensile strength and elongation of gray cast iron are the highest, with the values of 147.51 MPa and 1.17%, respectively. The change of mechanical properties of gray cast iron is mainly determined by the morphology and distribution of austenite in gray cast iron and A-type flake graphite.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer Analysis of 70 kW Gray Cast Iron Alloy Engine Head

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Su Yin Win ◽  
Lwin Lwin Oo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Calculation

Engine head is one of the most complicated parts of internal combustion engine. It is directly exposed to high combustion pressure and temperature. In this paper, engine head heat transfer rate for 70.4 kW diesel engine. The design engine head is made of gray cast iron alloy. The original engine head is made of aluminums alloy. The cast iron engine head can get over heat temperature because the thermal conductivity of cast iron is not as good as aluminium. So that it is necessary of increasing the cooling efficiency. In the engine heat transfer calculation, the heat fluxes from the engine head are calculated with vary engine speeds and water velocity and heat transfer analysis is required for the engine metal changing process.

scholarly journals The Study of Qualities’ Specialties of Cast Iron’s with Different Composition.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталья Жижкина ◽  
Natalya Zhizhkina ◽  
Сергей Ипатов ◽  
Sergey Ipatov
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chilled Cast Iron ◽  
Wear Condition

The paper has been devoted to study of white, chilled and gray cast iron. It has been showed that white cast irons’ ingots are characterized by high level of properties. What is why such materials are used at high temperature and wear condition. Carbides’ and granites existence in the structure increase properties of chilled cast iron. Such cast irons are used for details of metallurgical and other branches of industry. Flake graphite in structure of cast iron decreases level of analyzed properties. But ingots of such cast iron showed high values of tensile strength on compression.

Teknologi Inokulasi Besi Cor Kelabu FC-250 Untuk Mencegah Pengerasan Pada Dove Tale Produk Ragum Tipe 125

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Suhadi ◽  
Seodihono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Casting Industry

Production technology of metal casting industry in Indonesia needs to be improved, especially in the manufacturing of spare parts and box engine made of gray cast iron which has various wall thick such as dove tale construction. Microstructure of gray cast iron is influenced by cooling rate during casting, chemical composition and melting treatment process (inoculation). The part which has the thinnest thickness has the fastest cooling therefore, the grain boundary is smaller compared to other section. As a result this part has highest hardness and difficult to be machined. This research is conducted to solve this problem by modifying melting and solidification treatment process. The research starting from micro structure analysis, composition and mechanical properties tests on the product, and then conducting modification treatment through Taguchi method approach. Experimental results obtained show that the best level settings to control factors which affect to the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties in gray cast iron is the addition of seed inoculation super ® 75, as much as 0.25% with the method of inoculation material entering into the Transfer Ladle.Teknologi produksi pada industri pengecoran di Indonesia masih membutuhkan perbaikan terutama dalam pembuatan komponen mesin perkakas dan peralatan pabrik yang terbuat dari besi tuang kelabu yang mempunyai variasi ketebalan yang besar seperti konstruksi ekor burung (dove tale). Pada pengecoran, struktur mikro dari besi tuang kelabu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan pendinginan, komposisi kimia dan proses perlakuan pada logam cair (inokulasi). Bagian yang mempunyai ukuran paling tipis mempunyai kecepatan pendinigan paling tinggi karena itu ukuran butirnya jauh lebih kecil dari bagian lain, akibatnya bagian ini mempunyai kekerasan lebih tinggi dan sulit dilakukan pengerjaan mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki hal ini yang terjadi pada dove taledengan cara memodifikasi proses perlakuan pada cairan besi dan proses pendinginan. Penelitian dimulai dari analisa struktur mikro, pengujian komposisi kimia, pengujian sifat mekanis pada produk kemudian dilakukan modifikasi menggunakan pendekatan metode statistik Taguchi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan terbaik yang dapat diperoleh untuk mendapatkan keseragaman struktur mikro dan sifat mekanis pada pengecoran besi tuang kelabu adalah penambahan seed inoculation super ® 75, sebesar 0.25% dengan metode pemasukan inokulasi kedalam Ladle pengangkut logam cair.Keywords: carbon, micro structure, hardness, inoculation

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