Cold Swaging and Recrystallization Annealing of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-O Alloy - Microstructure, Texture and Microhardness Evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1132-1136
Author(s):  
Dalibor Preisler ◽  
Josef Stráský ◽  
Petr Harcuba ◽  
Kristýna Halmešová ◽  
Miloš Janeček
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Recrystallization Annealing ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Alloy Microstructure ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

Metastable β-Ti alloy Ti-35.3Nb-7.3Zr-5.7Ta-0.7O (wt. %) shows properties desirable for use as an implant material. However, very large grains (with the size of 0.5 – 3 mm) negatively affect the strength and fatigue resistance. Combination of cold-swaging and recrystallization annealing is used to refine the microstructure. Microstructure after cold swaging and after annealing is studied using scanning electron microscope by electron back-scatter diffraction measurements. Grain size and texture is determined and homogeneity of deformation inside the grains is discussed. Microhardness maps are measured in the cold-swaged samples. It is found that microhardness and thus also the deformation is higher in the center of each rod however the grains retain their original size. Annealing leads to recrystallization that is complete or nearly complete at the temperatures of 1000°C and more. Annealing at 1000°C for 15 min yields grain size of around 100 μm. This grain size is believed to increase the fatigue performance to satisfactory values.

Study on the Formation of Nanometer Silver Sol by Micro Arc Discharge

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Zhi Yu Yan ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Qiao Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Stabilizer Type ◽  
Scanning Electron

A preparation of nanometer silver sol by micro arc discharge has been study here through the reduction of Ag3PO4. Sodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone were added respectively into the electrolyte as stabilizer. The results show that, the Ag3PO4 concentration, stabilizer type and concentration have great impacts on the formation of the nanometer silver sol. By means of UV-VIS extinction spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, it is found that the solid powder extracted from the electrolyte solution after discharge is the aggregation of the silver formed in the solution and their original size maybe less than 20nm. Nanometer silver with smaller size and narrower size distribution can be obtained with sodium citrate as stabilizer than with polyvinylpyrrolidone. But the latter has higher conversion rate. From this experiment, we found that micro arc discharge can be a rapid, stable preparation method of nanometer silver sol.

Sintering Process of Nd:YAG Transparent Ceramic

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Quan Xi Cao ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Sen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polycrystalline Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron

1.0at% Nd:YAG polycrystalline ceramics were sintered at 1420°C, 1500°C, 1600°C and 1730°C respectively by different heating rate (1°C/min and 5°C/min). The crystal structures were indexed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The microstructure and the grain size of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optical transmittance spectra of the samples were measured using V-570 UV spectrophotometer. The sintering process of Nd:YAG ceramics and the effect of heating rate on the microstructure of samples have been investigated.

Study on the Properties of Doped La in BaBi4Ti4O15 Ceramic

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Xing Hua Yang ◽  
Jin Liang Huang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Chun Wei Cui
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lanthanum Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

BaBi4-xLaxTi4O15 (BBLT) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid phase sintering ceramics processing technology. The crystal structure and the microstructure were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analyses show that La3+ ions doping did not change the crystal structure of BBT ceramics. The sintering temperature increased from 1120°C to 1150°C with increasing Lanthanum content from 0 to 0.5, but it widened the sintering temperature range from 20°C to 50°C and refined the grain size of the BBT ceramic. Additionally, polarization treatment was performed and finally piezoelectric property was measured. As a result, the piezoelectric constant d33 of the 0.1at.% doped BBLT ceramics reached its highest value about 22pc/N at polarizing electric field of 8kV/mm and polarizing temperature of 120°C for 30min.

scholarly journals Mineral Preparation Using Rod Mill for Mineral Galena Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Riria Zendy Mirahati ◽  
Yasmina Amalia ◽  
Mochamad Juliyanto ◽  
Lintang Larasati Adi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentration Process ◽  
Mineral Characterization ◽  
Scanning Electron

Galena mineral preparation was carried out for mineral characterization. The mineral characterization carried out included XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray). The preparation of galena minerals begins with the process of reducing the grain size including crushing and grinding. The results of crushing and grinding are then separated based on grain size using a sieve or siever to get a grain size of -200 mesh. The grinding process using a rod mill needs to be timed, so that the results are not too fine which is causing the recovery in the mineral concentration process to be low.

Microstructural Characterization of a High Copper (Nd0.75Pr0.25)2Fe14B Magnet

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos F. de Campos ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues ◽  
Flavia P. Vitoretti ◽  
Leonardo V. Tavares ◽  
Kaio S.T. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Edax Analysis ◽  
High Copper ◽  
Microstructural Data ◽  
Scanning Electron

A commercial magnet following the N 48 specification was submitted to a detailed microstructural characterization. The magnet presents 10 kOe of coercivity and good 2ndquadrant squareness. The grain size is around 10 micrometers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) EDAX analysis shows that it is a high copper NdPrFeB alloy following the 3Nd:1Pr proportion, with some aluminum. The magnet was covered by a 15 micrometers layer, with nickel and copper. The microstructural data allow a better understanding of the effect of the alloying elements.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Crystallographic Analysis Beyond EBSD Mapping: The Next Dimension

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J.L. Mulders ◽  
A. Gholinia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since the early 1990s EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) has been developed to become a mature crystallographic analysis technique at the micro and nano-scale. It is applied in a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) on samples with a very smooth and clean surface. It provides quantitative orientations of individual grains, and by mapping a larger area, multiple grain analysis, texture, and grain boundaries can be examined. As the useful information for the EBSD technique comes from a very shallow depth in the material (10 to 20nm), it is a surface analysis technique showing lateral 2D distributions of crystal orientations.

scholarly journals Effects of heat treatment and strain rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 Al alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
EA Flores-Johnson ◽  
Luming Shen ◽  
Gwénaëlle Proust
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Strain Rate Compression ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present work, the effects of heat treatment and strain rate on mechanical behaviour and microstructure evolution of aluminium alloy 6061 have been investigated. The micro-crack initiation and crystallographic texture evolution are obtained from scanning electron microscope and electron back-scatter diffraction experiments. Quasi-static and high strain rate compression tests are conducted on AA6061 specimens that underwent two different heat treatments: the as-received material with the original T6 heat treatment and the heat treated and artificially aged specimens. For the high strain rate compression (∼2000 and ∼4000 s−1) tests, the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus is used. It is observed that the additional heat treatment has significantly reduced the yield strength of the material. Furthermore, electron back-scatter diffraction results show that the higher the applied strain rate is, the less significant change will happen to the texture. Scanning electron microscope images show that, for both T6 and HT specimens, the number and size of micro-cracks in the dynamic compressed specimens are smaller than in the quasi-static deformed specimen. Therefore, the strain rate is considered to be the dominant factor in forming micro-cracks.

Characterization of Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 Nanostructures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Ibraheam ◽  
Y. Al-Douri ◽  
U. Hashim ◽  
M. Wesam Al-Mufti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pentrary alloys of Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 nanostructures have been grown on glass substrate using sol-gel technique. The concentration of Cd has showed obvious effect for characterization study. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) have provide nanostructures of the utilized alloys. Those alloys give good impression about increasing the grain size with Cd concentration increasing, that lead to increasing the surface coarse.

scholarly journals SEAFLOOR SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY MINERAL OCCURENCES AT BETUMPAK CAPE AND ADJACENT AREA, BANGKA STRAIT, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohendi Rohendi ◽  
Noor C.D. Aryanto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Gravity Corer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Thirty seafloor of sediment samples have been taken by using gravity corer and grab sampler at Betumpak Cape, and adjacent area of Bangka Belitung. The result of grain size analyses show that there are four sediment units: gravelly sand, gravelly muddy sand, silt and silty sand. Identification of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image on several samples shows the presence of clay mineral such as smectite, alunite, chlorite etc., may resulted from plagioclase weathering of granite. Based on heavy mineral analyses, its highest content is found at MTK-27 (northwest of Betumpak Cape). High content of apatite (0.94% wt and 1.07% wt) is found on coarse sand fractions (115-170 mesh) at MTK-29 (northeast Ular Cape) and MTK-30 (north of Ular Cape). Generally, the heavy mineral accumulation is occurred on medium sand fraction (60-80 mesh) as magnetite (7.86% wt), ilmenite (4.9% wt) and zircon (1.32% wt). Based on these data, it shows that heavy mineral is accumulated on medium to coarse sand. Keywords: sea floor sediment, grain size analysis, heavy minerals, and Betumpak Cape, Bangka strait. Sebanyak 30 sampel sedimen dasar laut telah diambil dengan menggunakan pemercontoh jatuh bebas dan comot di Perairan Tanjung Betumpak dan sekitarnya, Bangka Belitung. Hasil analisis besar butir menunjukkan adanya 4 satuan sedimen, yaitu pasir kerikilan, pasir lumpuran sedikit kerikilan, lanau dan pasir lanauan. Hasil identifikasi citra Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) terhadap beberapa sampel, memperlihatkan kehadiran mineral lempung seperti smektit, alunit, klorit dll., kemungkinan sebagai hasil pelapukan plagioklas dari granit. Berdasarkan analisis mineral berat kandungan tertinggi terdapat di lokasi MTK-27 (baratlaut Tanjung Betumpak). Akumulasi mineral berat umumnya terdapat pada fraksi pasir ukuran sedang (60-80 mesh) berupa magnetit, ilmenit dan zirkon masing-masing dengan kandungan 7,86 % berat. 4,9% berat dan 1,32% berat. Pada fraksi pasir kasar (115-170 mesh) dijumpai kandungan apatit tertinggi di MTK-29 (timurlaut Tanjung Ular) dan MTK-30 (utara Tg. Ular) sebesar 0,94% berat dan 1,07% berat. Dari data tersebut terlihat, bahwa secara umum mineral berat terakumulasi pada pasir sedang hingga pasir kasar. Kata kunci: Sedimen permukaan dasar laut, analisis besar butir, mineral berat, dan Tanjung Betumpak, Selat Bangka.

scholarly journals Palyno-morphology of Hedera L. (The ivy genus, araliaceae) and their systematics implications

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-865
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Fallah ◽  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

The palynomorphological characteristics of 5 species belonging to Hedera of the Araliaceae family were studied in detail. These plant species were collected from various phytogeographical regions of Iran and Hungary. The palynological investigation was accomplished using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pollen grains of the species are reticulate, prolate, sub-prolate, tricolporate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, and monad. The largest pollen grain was in the Hedera colchica species (72.24?1.6 ?m) and the smallest pollen grain was in Hedera helix (28.63?2.1 ?m). The research carried out by the TEM showed that the species were different in terms of exine thickness, tectum thickness, foot layer thickness, the diameter and length of the Columella, the thickness and shape of the Caput, the tectum to foot layer )T/F( ratio, the absence or presence of the Endexine and the thickness of the Intine layers. The main purpose of this study was the importance of the relationship between pollen grain size and the number of chromosomes and ploidy level in Hedera species.

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