SEAFLOOR SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY MINERAL OCCURENCES AT BETUMPAK CAPE AND ADJACENT AREA, BANGKA STRAIT, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE

Thirty seafloor of sediment samples have been taken by using gravity corer and grab sampler at Betumpak Cape, and adjacent area of Bangka Belitung. The result of grain size analyses show that there are four sediment units: gravelly sand, gravelly muddy sand, silt and silty sand. Identification of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image on several samples shows the presence of clay mineral such as smectite, alunite, chlorite etc., may resulted from plagioclase weathering of granite. Based on heavy mineral analyses, its highest content is found at MTK-27 (northwest of Betumpak Cape). High content of apatite (0.94% wt and 1.07% wt) is found on coarse sand fractions (115-170 mesh) at MTK-29 (northeast Ular Cape) and MTK-30 (north of Ular Cape). Generally, the heavy mineral accumulation is occurred on medium sand fraction (60-80 mesh) as magnetite (7.86% wt), ilmenite (4.9% wt) and zircon (1.32% wt). Based on these data, it shows that heavy mineral is accumulated on medium to coarse sand. Keywords: sea floor sediment, grain size analysis, heavy minerals, and Betumpak Cape, Bangka strait. Sebanyak 30 sampel sedimen dasar laut telah diambil dengan menggunakan pemercontoh jatuh bebas dan comot di Perairan Tanjung Betumpak dan sekitarnya, Bangka Belitung. Hasil analisis besar butir menunjukkan adanya 4 satuan sedimen, yaitu pasir kerikilan, pasir lumpuran sedikit kerikilan, lanau dan pasir lanauan. Hasil identifikasi citra Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) terhadap beberapa sampel, memperlihatkan kehadiran mineral lempung seperti smektit, alunit, klorit dll., kemungkinan sebagai hasil pelapukan plagioklas dari granit. Berdasarkan analisis mineral berat kandungan tertinggi terdapat di lokasi MTK-27 (baratlaut Tanjung Betumpak). Akumulasi mineral berat umumnya terdapat pada fraksi pasir ukuran sedang (60-80 mesh) berupa magnetit, ilmenit dan zirkon masing-masing dengan kandungan 7,86 % berat. 4,9% berat dan 1,32% berat. Pada fraksi pasir kasar (115-170 mesh) dijumpai kandungan apatit tertinggi di MTK-29 (timurlaut Tanjung Ular) dan MTK-30 (utara Tg. Ular) sebesar 0,94% berat dan 1,07% berat. Dari data tersebut terlihat, bahwa secara umum mineral berat terakumulasi pada pasir sedang hingga pasir kasar. Kata kunci: Sedimen permukaan dasar laut, analisis besar butir, mineral berat, dan Tanjung Betumpak, Selat Bangka.

Download Full-text

Sintering Process of Nd:YAG Transparent Ceramic

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.475 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 475-479

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Quan Xi Cao ◽

Guang Xu ◽

Sen Tian

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Crystal Structures ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Optical Transmittance ◽

Sintering Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Polycrystalline Ceramics ◽

Scanning Electron

1.0at% Nd:YAG polycrystalline ceramics were sintered at 1420°C, 1500°C, 1600°C and 1730°C respectively by different heating rate (1°C/min and 5°C/min). The crystal structures were indexed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The microstructure and the grain size of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optical transmittance spectra of the samples were measured using V-570 UV spectrophotometer. The sintering process of Nd:YAG ceramics and the effect of heating rate on the microstructure of samples have been investigated.

Download Full-text

Study on the Properties of Doped La in BaBi4Ti4O15 Ceramic

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.243 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26-28 ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

Xing Hua Yang ◽

Jin Liang Huang ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Chun Wei Cui

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Solid Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Lanthanum Content ◽

Scanning Electron

BaBi4-xLaxTi4O15 (BBLT) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid phase sintering ceramics processing technology. The crystal structure and the microstructure were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analyses show that La3+ ions doping did not change the crystal structure of BBT ceramics. The sintering temperature increased from 1120°C to 1150°C with increasing Lanthanum content from 0 to 0.5, but it widened the sintering temperature range from 20°C to 50°C and refined the grain size of the BBT ceramic. Additionally, polarization treatment was performed and finally piezoelectric property was measured. As a result, the piezoelectric constant d33 of the 0.1at.% doped BBLT ceramics reached its highest value about 22pc/N at polarizing electric field of 8kV/mm and polarizing temperature of 120°C for 30min.

Download Full-text

Studi Material Tanah Longsor Akibat Gempa Lombok 2018

Teras Jurnal ◽

10.29103/tj.v10i2.330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Muhammad Nurjati Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Silty Sand ◽

Small Scale ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstrak Pada umumnya, tanah longsor terjadi dengan skala yang kecil dan dampak yang dihasilkan tidak parah sebagaimana letusan gunung berapi, gempa atau tsunami. Namun, perhatian terhadap bencana ini seringkali diabaikan oleh masyarakat dan perencanaan pembangunan kota. Ada beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam meneliti tanah longor, salah satunya adalah mineral tanah. Dalam studi ini, sampel tanah diambil dari Lombok Utara akibat dari gempa Lombok 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan tanah berdasarkan USCS dan AASTHO, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis mineralogi menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Berdasarkan klasifikasi USCS, tanah termasuk kategori pasir berlanau dan campuran lanau (SM); dan lempung anorganik dengan plastisitas rendah sampai sedang, lempung berkerikil, lempung berpasir, lempung berlanau, lempung kurus (lean clays). Pada klasifikasi AASHTOO, hasilnya adalah tanah berlanau (A-4); kerikil dan pasir yang berlanau atau berlempung (A-2-4); dan pasir halus (A-3). Berdasarkan hasil mineralogi menggunakan XRD dan SEM, material utama pada sampel tanah adalah Albite Calcian, Microline and Kuarsa. Kata kunci: longsor, mineralogi, XRD, SEM Abstract Landslides generally occur on a small scale and the impact is not as severe as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or tsunamis. However, attention to these disasters is often ignored by the community and city development planning. In assessing the factors causing landslides there are many factors that need to be considered, one of which is soil minerals. The samples of soil in this study were taken from North Lombok as a result of the 2018 earthquake. This research is conducted by classifying the soil based on USCS and AASHTO, then proceed with mineralogical analysis using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Based on USCS classification, the result of the analysis shows that soil samples have a classification of silty sand, and silt mixtures (SM); and inorganic clays or low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays (CL). For AASHTO classification, the result shows the sample belong to silty soil (A-4), silty or clayey gravel sand (A-2-4) and fine sand (A-3). Based on the results of mineralogical analysis using XRD and SEM, it is known that the dominant minerals making up the soil in the sample are Albite Calcian, Microline and Quartz Keywords: landslide, mineralogy, XRD, SEM

Download Full-text

Mineral Preparation Using Rod Mill for Mineral Galena Characterization

RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology ◽

10.31098/cset.v1i1.396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 355-362

Author(s):

Riria Zendy Mirahati ◽

Yasmina Amalia ◽

Mochamad Juliyanto ◽

Lintang Larasati Adi Putri

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Grinding Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

X Ray ◽

Concentration Process ◽

Mineral Characterization ◽

Scanning Electron

Galena mineral preparation was carried out for mineral characterization. The mineral characterization carried out included XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray). The preparation of galena minerals begins with the process of reducing the grain size including crushing and grinding. The results of crushing and grinding are then separated based on grain size using a sieve or siever to get a grain size of -200 mesh. The grinding process using a rod mill needs to be timed, so that the results are not too fine which is causing the recovery in the mineral concentration process to be low.

Download Full-text

Microstructural Characterization of a High Copper (Nd0.75Pr0.25)2Fe14B Magnet

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.518 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 802 ◽

pp. 518-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcos F. de Campos ◽

Daniel Rodrigues ◽

Flavia P. Vitoretti ◽

Leonardo V. Tavares ◽

Kaio S.T. de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Alloying Elements ◽

Edax Analysis ◽

High Copper ◽

Microstructural Data ◽

Scanning Electron

A commercial magnet following the N 48 specification was submitted to a detailed microstructural characterization. The magnet presents 10 kOe of coercivity and good 2ndquadrant squareness. The grain size is around 10 micrometers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) EDAX analysis shows that it is a high copper NdPrFeB alloy following the 3Nd:1Pr proportion, with some aluminum. The magnet was covered by a 15 micrometers layer, with nickel and copper. The microstructural data allow a better understanding of the effect of the alloying elements.

Download Full-text

Cold Swaging and Recrystallization Annealing of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-O Alloy - Microstructure, Texture and Microhardness Evolution

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 1132-1136

Author(s):

Dalibor Preisler ◽

Josef Stráský ◽

Petr Harcuba ◽

Kristýna Halmešová ◽

Miloš Janeček

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Fatigue Resistance ◽

Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽

Recrystallization Annealing ◽

Ti Alloy ◽

Alloy Microstructure ◽

Original Size ◽

Scanning Electron

Metastable β-Ti alloy Ti-35.3Nb-7.3Zr-5.7Ta-0.7O (wt. %) shows properties desirable for use as an implant material. However, very large grains (with the size of 0.5 – 3 mm) negatively affect the strength and fatigue resistance. Combination of cold-swaging and recrystallization annealing is used to refine the microstructure. Microstructure after cold swaging and after annealing is studied using scanning electron microscope by electron back-scatter diffraction measurements. Grain size and texture is determined and homogeneity of deformation inside the grains is discussed. Microhardness maps are measured in the cold-swaged samples. It is found that microhardness and thus also the deformation is higher in the center of each rod however the grains retain their original size. Annealing leads to recrystallization that is complete or nearly complete at the temperatures of 1000°C and more. Annealing at 1000°C for 15 min yields grain size of around 100 μm. This grain size is believed to increase the fatigue performance to satisfactory values.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 Nanostructures

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.171 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1109 ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.S. Ibraheam ◽

Y. Al-Douri ◽

U. Hashim ◽

M. Wesam Al-Mufti

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Obvious Effect ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Characterization Study ◽

Gel Technique ◽

Scanning Electron

Pentrary alloys of Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 nanostructures have been grown on glass substrate using sol-gel technique. The concentration of Cd has showed obvious effect for characterization study. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) have provide nanostructures of the utilized alloys. Those alloys give good impression about increasing the grain size with Cd concentration increasing, that lead to increasing the surface coarse.

Download Full-text

Palyno-morphology of Hedera L. (The ivy genus, araliaceae) and their systematics implications

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2102851f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 851-865

Author(s):

Fahimeh Fallah ◽

Farrokh Ghahremaninejad

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Hedera Helix ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pollen Grain Size ◽

The Relationship ◽

Scanning Electron

The palynomorphological characteristics of 5 species belonging to Hedera of the Araliaceae family were studied in detail. These plant species were collected from various phytogeographical regions of Iran and Hungary. The palynological investigation was accomplished using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pollen grains of the species are reticulate, prolate, sub-prolate, tricolporate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, and monad. The largest pollen grain was in the Hedera colchica species (72.24?1.6 ?m) and the smallest pollen grain was in Hedera helix (28.63?2.1 ?m). The research carried out by the TEM showed that the species were different in terms of exine thickness, tectum thickness, foot layer thickness, the diameter and length of the Columella, the thickness and shape of the Caput, the tectum to foot layer )T/F( ratio, the absence or presence of the Endexine and the thickness of the Intine layers. The main purpose of this study was the importance of the relationship between pollen grain size and the number of chromosomes and ploidy level in Hedera species.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Holmium on the Microstructure and Hardness of Mg-Nd-Gd-Zn-Zr Alloys

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.740.48 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosli Ahmad ◽

N.R. Shahizan ◽

M.B.A. Asmael ◽

Ashraf M.M. Elaswad

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Vickers Hardness ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Vickers Hardness Test ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Zr Alloys

The influence of holmium on the microstructure and hardness of Mg-Nd-Gd-Zn-Zr alloys were investigated. Conventional casting methods are used to produce the alloys. All the results were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Vickers hardness test to highlight the influence of holmium addition. The addition of 2.0 wt.% holmium leads to the combination of rare earth elements which formed Mg-Zn-Nd-Ho phase. The results have shown the addition of Ho improved the microstructure and hardness of Mg-Nd-Gd-Zn-Zr alloys. By adding grain size of 2.0 wt.% holmium had reduced by 18.43%, while the volume fraction increased by 7.34%. The Vickers hardness value improved 6.18% due to the grain refine and volume fraction precipitates. The 2.0 wt.% holmium addition showed a positive result in microstructure and hardness value.

Download Full-text

The Concentration of Asbestos Fibers in Bulk Samples and Its Variation with Grain Size

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9090539 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 539 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gaia M. Militello ◽

Elisa Sanguineti ◽

Adrián Yus González ◽

Federico Mantovani ◽

Laura Gaggero

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽

Asbestos Fibers ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Naturally Occurring Asbestos ◽

Grain Size Fractions ◽

Scanning Electron

The aim of this work was to establish whether asbestos fibers homogeneously occur in the different fractions ground from naturally occurring asbestos lithotypes, and to calculate the contribution of fibers from each fraction to the overall concentration in the sample. Serpentinite, metabasalt, calc-schist, clay, debris material, and soil, were addressed. Grain size fractions below 20 mm were sieved at 2 mm and 0.106 mm; they were then were mechanically milled to obtain powders below 0.106 mm. The three powdered fractions were characterized using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy following M.D. 06/09/94. The still in use (in some cases), Italian normative M.D. 161/2012 specifies that analyses must be performed on the <2 mm fraction and the concentration (mg/kg) correlated with the weight of the whole sample <20 mm. However, the fiber counts yielded asbestos concentrations 50–60% lower compared with total asbestos analyses according to the new R.P.D. 120/2017. Consequently, there is a need to standardize the normative worldwide regulations for the management of asbestos-containing materials, by re-evaluation of sample preparation and quantification of asbestos.

Download Full-text