Fundamental Research as a Basis for the Creation of New Technologies in Steel Ladle Metallurgy

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Babenko ◽  
Leonid A. Smirnov ◽  
Alena G. Upolovnikova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Simplex Lattice

Theoretical and experimental studies including a study of slag viscosity of the CaO-SiO2-B2O3 system containing 25% Al2O3 and 8% MgO and equilibrium interphase distribution of sulfur and boron between slag and a low-carbon metal were carried out using a simplex-lattice experiment design and HSC 6.1 Chemistry software (Outokumpu). Fundamental research has contributed to the development of technology of basic boron-containing slags formation in ladle at ladle-furnace. These slags have a low viscosity, retaining high refining properties and providing direct microalloying of steel by boron. This technology has no analogues in domestic and foreign practice. The development of technology in the converter plant AO "ArcelorMittal Temirtau" (Kazakhstan) provided low-carbon steel production in wide grade composition, containing 0.001-0.008% boron and 0.004-0.014% sulfur, decreased consumption of manganese, high mechanical properties of rolled metal and improved environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Angle of the Working Part of the Die on the High Speed Drawing Process of Low Carbon Steel Wires

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suliga ◽  
R. Wartacz ◽  
J. Michalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wire Rod ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Drawing Angle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper contains the theoretical and experimental analysis of the impact of the drawing angle on the drawing process and the properties of low carbon steel wires. A multi-stage drawing wire rod with a diameter of 5.5 mm on a wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm has been carried out in two stages. The first one consisted of preliminary drawing wire rod for the wire with a diameter of 2.2 mm which was next subjected to the drawing process at a speed of 25 m/sec at the final wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm. The wires were drawn in conventional dies with drawing angle α = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 degrees. For the wires drawn in respective variants, the investigation of the mechanical properties was performed and the amount of lubricant on the surface of steel wires was determined. Numerical analysis of the process of drawing in the Drawing 2D complemented the experimental studies. It has been shown that when drawing at high speeds, properly chosen the value of the angle of the working part of the die can improve the lubrication conditions and mechanical properties of steel wires.

Application of Alumina-Magnesia Precast Blocks for LF Refining Ladle

2013 ◽  
Vol 745-746 ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Feng ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Yi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Slag Layer ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Lf Refining

The alumina-magnesia precast blocks developed in authors company have been successfully used in 90-ton LF refining with an average service life 80-85 heats to meet the smelting demand of low carbon steel and ultra low carbon steel. The observation of the residual blocks revealed that the section of the used blocks was divided into four layers from inside to the surface, i.e., slag layer, reaction layer, penetration layer and the original block. It has been found that there was a certain degree of structure spalling of the used blocks. The main factor of blocks damage may be due to the penetration and erosion of molten slag. The results of SEM microstructure analysis indicated that the calcium oxide (CaO) of high basicity slag easily penetrated into the blocks and formed CA6 phase, and then transformed into CA2 or C12A7 phases gradually with the decreasing content of alumina (Al2O3). It has been found that an annular distribution structure, and the silicon dioxide (SiO2) was easily lost together with slag and formed SiO2-rich part in the penetration layer due to the formation of low viscosity and low melting point phase of C2AS. A large number of-5um spinel particles (MgAl2O4) were synthesized at 1600~ 1700, which could absorb FeO, MnO and other impurities in slag to form composite spinel phase. It is believed that the high melting point phases intertwined to form a dense area which was beneficial to improve the bricks' slag resistances to penetration and corrosion

Plastic Behavior of Metals at Large Strains: Experimental Studies Involving Simple Shear

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Low Carbon

Two experimental devices that promote simple shear are used to investigate the plastic behavior of metals under very large strains. First, researches on the anisotropic behaviors of sheets of metals performed with the help of the planar simple shear test are reviewed. In particular, it is shown that, with this device, stage IV may be reached and analyzed on polycrystals as well as on single crystals. The second part is devoted to equal channel angular extrusion, which is known to promote grain refinement after several passes. A direct comparison of the crystallographic textures measured on sheared and on extruded samples confirms that the extrusion promotes massively simple shear. Besides, the grain refinement is measured with a dedicated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) attachment. It is shown that the grain size decreases regularly for a low carbon steel as well as for copper, down to around 1 μm. It is argued that the sustained hardening in stage IV is a mechanical signature of the grain size decrease. The trend is interpreted and reproduced quantitatively with the help of a simple modeling approach.

Experimental Studies into Strip Casting of Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4155-4160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Phelan ◽  
T. Zuidwijk ◽  
L. Strezov ◽  
Jilt Sietsma ◽  
Rian Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Strip Casting ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Average Heat ◽  
Peritectic Steel

The strip casting of steel, whereby liquid steel is solidified between twin water cooled copper rolls directly into its final shape, is a radical, energy efficient, cost effective route for the production of steel products that also provides exciting opportunities for the development of new products. An experimental program is currently underway to study phenomena associated with rapid solidification of steel using levitating droplet techniques and Gleeble®3500 thermo-mechanical processing. For example, studies have been conducted to investigate the heat transfer, nucleation behaviour and microstructure development during solidification of a low carbon steel and a peritectic steel on copper substrates hard coated electrolytically or using Filtered Arc Deposition (FAD). It was found that peak and average heat fluxes were significantly higher for steels solidified on the first substrate than for the FAD coated substrates. Maximum heat flux on the respective substrates was 36.5 to 39.0 MW/m2 and 8.3 to 9.4 MW/m2. The average heat flux on the respective coated substrates ranged between 9.6 to 12.5 and 5.5 to 6.6 MW/m2.

scholarly journals Nonparametric control algorithm for metal temperature mode on site BOF – CCM

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
M. E. Kornet ◽  
A. V. Raskina ◽  
A. A. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
External Control ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Temperature Mode

A two-level control system for the temperature mode of smelting, out-of-furnace processing and preparation for casting of low-carbon steel G/ET is proposed in the conditions of BOF shop-2 of JSC “United West Siberian Metallurgical Combine”. Depending on the technological scheme, it is possible to design various control systems for the steelmaking complex with sequential, parallel and combined inclusion of individual operations and processes. The control system of a sequential group of objects is considered on the example of steel G/ET. The control system includes an external control loop that allows coordinated control of the shop departments by optimizing the mode of technological process conducting at the facility, taking into account the actual operation performed at the previous facility. The implemented nonparametric algorithm of dual control allows the decision-maker to perform joint operational adjustment of control actions for local control loops. The temperature mode of the melts of low-carbon steel G/ET is analyzed and it is revealed that the processing time of the steel ladle at each stage of the BOF – CCM technological route has a significant impact on the steel temperature mode. In accordance with this, the criteria for temperature control quality are formed. The results of computational experiment showed that the introduction of a control unit with a decision-maker contributes to the rational control of metal temperature mode in the BOF – CCM site, and as a result, obtaining a given chemical composition and temperature of steel within narrower limits. It allows one to eliminate deviations from the contact schedule of the main units, and to increase the number of melts in the series and the rate of continuous casting.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SIMPLEX LATTICE METHOD FOR COMPOSITION-VISCOSITY PLOTTING OF СаО – SiO2 – В2О3 SLAGS WITH 15 % Al2O3 AND 8 % MgO

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Babenko ◽  
V. I. Zhuchkov ◽  
A. G. Upolovnikova ◽  
V. V. Ryabov
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Lattice Method ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Local Simplex

The results of composition-viscosity plotting for slag of the CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 system containing 15 % of Al2O3 and 8 % of MgO using simplex lattice method are given in this paper. It allows obtaining mathematical models describing property dependence on composition as a continuous function. The study was subjected to a fixed area in a form of local simplex represented by two CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 concentration triangles. The experiment was planned in pseudo-component coordinates. To describe dependence of slag viscosity on its composition, a mathematical model of polynomial of the third degree was chosen. In experiment planning matrix, slag compositions are given in pseudo-components and original components coordinates. Slags corresponding to studied local simplex vertex composition were melted in graphite crucibles from pre-heated oxides of ChDA brand. Composition of slag, corresponding to the points of local simplex plan, was obtained by counter-mixing of simplex vertex slag. In experiments, molybdenum crucibles were used to measure slags viscosity. Measurements were carried out using an electric vibrational viscometer in an argon flow with continuous cooling of melt from homogeneous-liquid to solid state. The results of generalization of mathematical modeling and graphical representation presented in form of compositionpropertydiagrams made it possible to quantify effect of slag basicity and B2O3 content on viscosity of resulting oxide system. The slag of CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 oxide system, containing 15 % of Al2O3 and 8 % of MgO, is characterized by sufficiently low viscosity in temperature range of 1450 – 1500 °C. Viscosity of such slags increases significantly with temperatures decrease to 1400 °C. It has been established that slags with basicity of 2 to 5, containing 1 to 4 % of B2O3 , are characterized by high liquid mobility at constant concentrations of Al2O3 (15 %) and MgO (8 %), their viscosity in temperature range of 1450 – 1500 °C does not exceed 4 – 7 poise. Such slags have, as a rule, high refining properties and can be recommended for the formation on a ladle furnace installation.

TRI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON STEEL SPOT-WELDED JOINTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farizah Adliza Ghazali ◽  
Mohamad Nor Berhan ◽  
Yupiter HP Manurung ◽  
Zuraidah Salleh ◽  
Shahrum Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Optimum Process Parameter ◽  
Weld Current

The investigation was intended to optimize tri-objective of the welding parameters on tensile-shear (TS) strength, Fusion Zone (FZ) size and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) size development in resistance spot welding (RSW) process of similar sheet metals joint. The experimental studies were conducted on varying weld time, electrode force and weld current for 1.2mm thickness of low carbon steel. The experimental tests, conducted according to the settings of process parameters were carried out according the L9 Taguchi orthogonal array in randomized way. The optimum process parameter for tri-objective was obtained using multi signal to noise ratio (MSNR) and further analyzed the significant level using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response Surface Method (RSM) was employed to developed second order model at optimal welding parameters. The confirmation tests results demonstrate that the tri-objective Taguchi method used to optimize the welding parameters and enhance the welding performance is practical and effective in RSW process.

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