Study of the Transport Loads Influence on the Nature of Belite Sludge Hardening in Pavement

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
A.A. Lytkin
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aluminium Industry ◽  
Pavement Layers ◽  
Positive Effect

The article describes the characteristics of belite sludge - large-tonnage waste of the aluminium industry. The ability of the sludge and sludge-rubbing materials to restore the damaged structure after re-compaction has been revealed. The influence of multiple transport loads on the nature of the sludge hardening and slurry materials in structural layers on an annular test bench under full-scale conditions has been investigated. It has been established that mobile loads have a positive effect on the nature of the hardening of these materials. After 20 months of operation, the strength of the sludge and sludge material on the sections under movement is 13.0% and 33.8% higher compared with the materials of the control sections. Consequently, there is no need to close the traffic immediately after the construction of pavement layers using sludge. In addition, it is not necessary to regulate the time after which the installation of a coating on a slurry base is allowed.

scholarly journals Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
Francesca Maria Caccamo ◽  
Marco Baldi ◽  
Alessandro Abbà
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
A Value ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Input Load ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Sludge Production

To date, the management of high-strength wastewater represents a serious problem. This work aims to evaluate the performance on chemical pollutants and on sludge production of one of the two full-scale thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs) currently operational in Italy, based on monitoring data of the last two and a half years. Removal yields on COD, N-NOx, non-ionic and anionic surfactants (TAS and MBAS), increased with the input load up to 81.9%, 97.6%, 94.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. In the period of stability, a very low value of sludge production (0.052 kgVS kgCOD−1) was observed. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests allowed us to exclude the possibility that mesophilic biomass generally exhibited any acute inhibition following contact with the aqueous residues (ARs), except for substrates that presented high concentrations of perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS), cyanides and chlorides. In one case, nitrifying activity was partially inhibited by high chlorides and PFAS concentration, while in another the substrate determined a positive effect, stimulating the phenomenon of nitrification. Nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) tests highlighted the feasibility of reusing the organic carbon contained in the substrate as a source in denitrification, obtaining a value comparable with that obtained using the reference solution with methanol. Therefore, respirometric tests proved to be a valid tool to assess the acute effect of AR of ThMBR on the activity of mesophilic biomass in the case of recirculation.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of a Single-Point Mooring Gravity Fish Cage With Different Deformation-Suppression Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Karl Gunnar Aarsæther ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Current Velocity ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Rigid Frame ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Compared with the multipoint mooring fish cage, the single-point mooring (SPM) fish cage can spread out the fish wastes and uneaten feeds in a larger area, and it can also prevent the local environment from being overwhelmed. Thus, it has attracted much attention recently. In this research, different deformation-suppression methods are applied to the SPM system with a typical Norwegian fish cage aiming to increase the cultivation volume under the action of current and/or wave loads. A well-validated software, fhsim, is used to conduct the full-scale numerical study. The effects of the three deformation-suppression methods, i.e., (i) adding the lower bridles, (ii) adding the frontal rigid frame and (iii) adding the trawl doors, are analyzed under pure current and combined wave–current conditions. The results indicate that all the three deformation-suppression methods can improve the cultivation volume at least by 32% compared to the original SPM fish cage when the current velocity is larger than 0.5 m/s. In addition, moving the conjunction point close to the bottom ring can bring a positive effect on the cultivation volume maintaining with an only small increment in the tension force. This study can provide practical advice and useful guides for the SPM fish cage design.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Offshore Wind Integration with an MMC Test Bench featuring Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fisnik Loku ◽  
Philipp Ruffing ◽  
Christina Brantl ◽  
Ralf Puffer
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifiers ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
System Behaviour ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ac Transmission

Abstract. The integration of offshore wind energy into the existing power system is continuously growing. With the increasing distance of the offshore wind farms (OWF) to the onshore AC transmission systems, HVDC systems are emerging as a preferable solution for the connection of OWF due to their techno-economic advantages in comparison to AC subsea connections. Integrating HVDC systems into the existing AC systems poses various planning and technological challenges. To be able to overcome these challenges a variety of studies has to be conducted, e.g. the HVDC system behaviour under faults. Simulations using electromagnetic transient (EMT) tools represent a generally accepted method to conduct the relevant studies. To increase the trust in the developed concepts subsequent hardware demonstrations would be preferable. However, performing these investigations with full-scale components is often not an option due to unavailability and high costs. As an alternative way, Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHiL) approaches are considered. In this context, a new and worldwide unique laboratory demonstrator - the MMC Test Bench - is set up at RWTH Aachen University as part of the Horizon2020 project PROMOTioN. Here, laboratory-scaled Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are used, which are connected on the DC side by cascaded Pi-line segments. The adjacent AC grids (i.e. offshore wind farms, AC transmission networks) are represented by real-time simulators (RTS) and connected to the MMCs via high bandwidth linear power amplifiers (PA). In this work, the MMC Test Bench is initially described. Afterwards, the PHiL set-up to demonstrate the implemented controls for an OWF connected to shore via an HVDC link is explained. To allow the joint operation of the hardware set-up and the RTS in a stable manner, adequate PHIL interfaces algorithms have to be designed and the scaling between the RTS, the power amplifiers and the hardware is explained. The connection of the OWF represents a special challenge for PHiL demonstrations as the OWF represents a weak AC system with the MMC in grid forming mode. In a next step, the results of the successful demonstration of the interconnection of the OWF via an HVDC link with the MMC Test Bench are presented. The system behaviour in stationary and transient operation is analysed based on the wind farm start-up sequence as well as different cases of wind infeed fluctuations. The results are compared to a simulated full-scale model and deviations are discussed.

SELECTION OF BASIC PARAMETERS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF STAND FOR FULL-SCALE TESTS OF PIPES FOR DURABILITY BY INTERNAL PRESSURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M. E. Goydo ◽  
A. A. Baturin ◽  
V. V. Bodrov ◽  
R. M. Bagautdinov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Given ◽  
Consistent Application ◽  
Selection Of

A complex of formulas is presented, the consistent application of which allows, based on the given characteristics of the sinusoidal law of variation of the internal pressure in the test pipe, to calculate and select the main parameters of the hydraulic system of the test bench. An example is given of using a simple method for checking the correctness of the choice made.

Characterizing the Influence of Abstraction in Full-Scale Wind Turbine Nacelle Testing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schkoda ◽  
Amin Bibo ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Scott Lambert ◽  
Robb Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Main Shaft ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Component Testing ◽  
Yaw Bearing

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in full-scale wind turbine nacelle testing to complement individual component testing. As a result, several wind turbine nacelle test benches have been built to perform such testing with the intent of loading the integrated components as they are in the field. However, when mounted on a test bench the nacelle is not on the top of a tower and does not have blades attached to it — this is a form of abstraction. This paper aims to quantify the influence of such an abstraction on the dynamic response of the nacelle through a series of simulation case studies. The responses of several nacelle components are studied including the main bearing, main shaft, gearbox supports, generator, and yaw bearing interface. Results are presented to highlight the differences in the dynamic response of the nacelle caused by the abstraction. Additionally, the authors provide recommendations for mitigating the effects of the abstraction.

scholarly journals JOINTS IN CONCRETES OF DIFFERENT AGE AND TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
A. A. Koyankin ◽  
V. M. Mitasov
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Concrete Joints ◽  
Reinforcement Design ◽  
Positive Effect

The performance and structural reliability of concrete-to-concrete joints play an important role in precast-cast-in-place constructions, since they are responsible for deformation of concretes of different age, type and strength. The paper studies the effect of the joint type on its bearing capacity under shear loads. A horizontal test bench and a standard vertical press are used in the experiment to provide the shear load along the concrete-to-concrete joint (light cast-situ and heavy precast concretes). The following joint installing is considered: a smooth surface, which provides the concrete joint due to the adhesive and friction forces, and the joint provided by transverse reinforcement. Design features are identified for the joint bearing capacity exhaustion in concretes of different age, type and strength in precast-cast-in-place constructions under shear, depending on the joint type. A comparative analysis is given to the results obtained. It is shown that the transverse reinforcement has a positive effect on the bearing capacity of the concrete-to-concrete joints.

Computational and Experimental Prediction of Multi-Disk Brakes Performance at the Design Stage

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chichinadze ◽  
S. S. Kokonin ◽  
E. D. Braun ◽  
L. V. Chebotarev
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Friction Couple ◽  
Constant Friction ◽  
Experimental Prediction ◽  
Heat Loading ◽  
Wear Modelling

Abstract Friction and wear coefficients can vary a lot in multi-disk aircraft brakes under the condition of loaded friction regimes. That is why heat loading, friction duration and distance and also service life calculation procedures, based on constant friction and wear coefficients, are not always applicable to such devices. Such a calculation can provide sufficiently valid results only if experimental data are available, obtained by testing friction couples in a full-scale brake on a test bench. The results will be reliable if a full-scale brake structure is similar to a new one, which is under design, the same friction couple is used and brakes operation modes do not differ too much. It is also possible to use the results of friction couples specimens braking tests, in case the test procedure is based on friction and wear modelling theory recommendations.

scholarly journals Maison CBET – A comprehensive full scale test bench for comfort and energy analysis of buildings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Follain ◽  
Marco Goldoni ◽  
Alberto Muscio ◽  
Mattia Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Scale Test
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document