Rock Bolts Health Monitoring Using Self-Excited Phenomenon

2016 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kwaśniewski ◽  
Ireneusz Dominik ◽  
Krzysztof Lalik ◽  
Waldemar Korzeniowski ◽  
Krzysztof Zagórski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stress Change ◽  
Rock Stress ◽  
Rock Bolts ◽  
Change Measurement ◽  
Mining Safety

Health monitoring of rock bolts can indirectly indicate the state of rock which is crucial for mining safety. This paper presents an innovative application of the Self-excited Acoustical System SAS for stress change measurement in rock bolts which are used to secure roofs and walls in mines and tunnels. The method gives information on the change of rock stress in the immediate area next to the bolt. It can be used also to determine the necessity of the exploited bolt replacement.

Piezoelectric Self-Excited System in Mining Roof Anchor Stress Change Measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 392-395
Author(s):  
Janusz Kwaśniewski ◽  
Ireneusz Dominik ◽  
Krzysztof Lalik
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
Stress Change ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Change Measurement ◽  
Excited System ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Mining Safety ◽  
New Type ◽  
Change Monitoring

The paper presents the application of a new type of a measurement system called Self-excited Acoustical System (SAS). It was applied for stress change monitoring of anchors which are used to secure roofs and walls in mines and in hollowed tunnels. The knowledge about the state of anchors can indirectly indicate the state of rock masses which is crucial for mining safety. One of the main problems so far has been reliable sensor mounting, especially in difficult mining conditions. The SAS system overcomes this problem because it can be mounted easily at the anchors end or even on the anchors flange. The laboratory tests were conducted on a hydraulic tensile testing machine. The mining roof anchor was placed in the machine and then stretched. The changes of the resonance frequency caused by the increase of the tensile strength were observed during the research.

scholarly journals Monitoring of rock stress change using instrumented rebar rock bolts

2021 ◽  
Vol 833 (1) ◽  
pp. 012141
Author(s):  
W Mai ◽  
M Janiszewski ◽  
L Uotinen ◽  
R Mishra ◽  
M Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Stress Change ◽  
Rock Stress ◽  
Rock Bolts

TAX FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED: PROS AND CONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hasanova ◽  
R.R. Hatueva ◽  
A.L. Arsaev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Part Time Work

This article discusses the pros and cons of applying professional income tax. Professional income tax is not mandatory, but an alternative way to pay 2 taxes on self-employment or part-time work. The introduction of this tax can mediate an increase in revenues to the state budget, which is of particular importance for the country in post-crisis conditions.

The Self-Undermining State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Interstate War ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
The Cost

This chapter provides an informal rationalist model of state formation as an exchange between a central authority and a population. In the model, the central authority protects the population against external threats and the population disarms and pays taxes. The model specifies the conditions under which the exchange is self-enforcing, meaning that the parties prefer the exchange to alternative courses of action. These conditions—costly but winnable interstate war—are historically rare, and the cost of such wars can rise beyond the population’s willingness to sacrifice. At this point, the population prefers to avoid war rather than fight it and may prefer an alternative institution to the state if that institution can prevent war and reduce the level of extraction. Thus the modern centralized state is self-undermining rather than self-enforcing. A final section addresses alternative explanations for state formation.

Beyond Bias: Critical Analysis and Layered Reading of Mao-Era Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-782
Author(s):  
Sigrid Schmalzer
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layered Approach ◽  
Flea Markets ◽  
Mao Era

Abstract Scholars of Mao-era history adopt a wide range of approaches to the selection and treatment of source material. Some scholars regard published sources as propaganda, and therefore as biased and unreliable. For many, archival sources are the gold standard; others question the reliability even of the archive and favor materials that escaped the filtering fingers of the state to be found in flea markets or garbage piles. Avoiding the false choice of either accepting sources as received wisdom or dismissing them as biased, the author argues that how scholars read their sources is more important than which they keep and which they throw away. She advocates for a layered approach that accounts for contexts of production and circulation, and further emphasizes the need to make this process of reading sources visible in our writing. A critical, layered reading of three unlikely sources demonstrates the myriad possibilities for analysis that combines the empirical, the discursive, and the self-reflexive.

Organización y funcionamiento municipal y personal directivo público profesional

2017 ◽  
pp. 349-366
Author(s):  
Ignacio Javier ETXEBARRIA ETXEITA
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Professional Managers ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
Municipal Autonomy

LABURPENA: Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Legeak udal-funtzionamendua eta -antolaketa arautzen ditu, eta udal-autonomia indartzen du, estatuko legediarekin erkatuta areagotu egin baitu tokiko entitateen autoantolakuntzarako gaitasuna, bidea emanez tokiko gobernuek modu gardenagoan joka dezaten eta hautetsiek lana eta familia hobeto uztar ditzaten. Legeak, horrez gain, tokiko gobernuak indartzea lortu nahi du, eta, horretarako, eskuordetze-teknikak jaso, eta modu aitzindarian arautu du zuzendari publiko profesionalen figura; oraingoz, hala ere, 40.000 biztanletik gorako udalerrietarako mugatu da. RESUMEN: La Ley de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi regula la organización y funcionamiento municipal y potencia la autonomía municipal al incrementar respecto a la legislación estatal la capacidad de autoorganización de las entidades locales posibilitando una actuación de los gobiernos locales más transparente y una mejor conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar de las corporativas y corporativos. La Ley busca asimismo potenciar los gobiernos locales y para ello incorpora técnicas de delegación y de forma pionera regula la figura de los directivos públicos profesionales si bien de momento limitada a los municipios con una población superior a los 40.000 habitantes. ABSTRACT: The Act on Local Entities of Euskadi regulates the municipalorganization and functioning and enhances the municipal autonomy by increasing as compared to the State legislation the self-government capacity of local entities enabling a more transparent operation by local governments and a better labour and family reconciliation of municipalities memberships. The Act also seeks to promote local governments and to do this it includes techniques of delegation and in a pioneer way it regulates the figure of public professional managers though only limited to those municipalities with a population exceeding 40.000 inhabitants.

Validation of Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring in a Simulated Biomedical Implant System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Ponder ◽  
Mohsen Safaei ◽  
Steven R. Anton
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Number Of Patients

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is an important and in-demand procedure for the aging population of the United States. In recent decades, the number of TKR procedures performed has shown an increase. This pattern is expected to continue in the coming decades. Despite medical advances in orthopedic surgery, a high number of patients, approximately 20%, are dissatisfied with their procedure outcomes. Common causes that are suggested for this dissatisfaction include loosening of the implant components as well as infection. To eliminate loosening as a cause, it is necessary to determine the state of the implant both intra- and post-operatively. Previous research has focused on passively sensing the compartmental loads between the femoral and tibial components. Common methods include using strain gauges or even piezoelectric transducers to measure force. An alternative to this is to perform real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) of the implant to determine changes in the state of the system. A commonly investigated method of SHM, referred to as the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, involves using the coupled electromechanical properties of piezoelectric transducers to measure the host structure’s condition. The EMI method has already shown promise in aerospace and infrastructure applications, but has seen limited testing for use in the biomechanical field. This work is intended to validate the EMI method for use in detecting damage in cemented bone-implant interfaces, with TKR being used as a case study to specify certain experimental parameters. An experimental setup which represents the various material layers found in a bone-implant interface is created with various damage conditions to determine the ability for a piezoelectric sensor to detect and quantify the change in material state. The objective of this work is to provide validation as well as a foundation on which additional work in SHM of orthopedic implants and structures can be performed.

scholarly journals The Political Asceticism of Mamata Banerjee: Female Populist Leadership in Contemporary India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Proma Ray Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leadership Models ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Political Landscapes ◽  
Religious Iconography

Abstract Operating within the androcentric premises that support idealized models of populist leadership, self-representations cultivated by female populist leaders often involve precarious balancing acts, compelling them to appropriate contextualized traditionalist discourses and modes of power to qualify for conventional leadership models. This article engages with the stylistic performance of populist leadership by Mamata Banerjee of the All India Trinamool Congress in the state of West Bengal, India, focusing on her adoption of the discursive mode of political asceticism, nativist rhetoric, and religious iconography. Through an interpretive analysis of selected party documents, autobiography, and semistructured interviews with Banerjee's followers and critics, the article delineates Banerjee's populist self-fashioning as a political ascetic and explores perceptions of her leadership. The article argues that while the self-makings of female populist leaders remain fraught and contested, they contribute substantially toward redrawing the boundaries of both conventional leadership models and the broader political landscapes they inhabit.

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