Processing of Hydro-Mineral Lithium Raw Material of Kazakhstan Using Inorganic Sorbents

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Zaure B. Karshigina ◽  
Zinesh S. Abisheva ◽  
Yelena G. Bochevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Research Results

The article presents the results of studies on recovery of lithium from reservoir brines using both commercial and synthesized aluminum hydroxide and hydrated manganese oxide as sorbents. The research results showed that, when using commercial aluminum hydroxide and synthesized hydrated manganese oxide as sorbents, lithium recovery from brine was 21.8 and 20.1%, respectively. Studies were conducted on lithium chemisorption on freshly precipitated aluminum hydroxide, which was obtained by adding aluminum chloride solution and tri-calcium hydro-aluminate to the brine. Chemisorption of lithium was carried out under the following conditions: T = 50 °C; AlCl3 solution concentration - 120 g/dm3; molar ratio Li/Al = 7; pH equal = 8.0-8.8; holding time with stirring 1 h. The degree of lithium extraction from brine was 71%; lithium capacity of freshly precipitated Al (OH)3 was 5.9 mg/g. During calcareous leaching of lithium-aluminum precipitate, lithium was extracted into a solution by 74.7%.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF FLAVONOIDS IN TRIPLEUROSPERMUM INODORUM’S FLOWERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Blinova O.L. ◽  
Gileva A.A. ◽  
Hlebnikov A.V. ◽  
Belonogova V.D. ◽  
Turyshev A.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Differential Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Stability

Chamomilla recutita is used in scientific medicine. Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. is widely spread among possible impurities of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert. This plant is perspective for establishment into scientific medicine but it can’t change Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert. Purpose of research: development of a method for the quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin in Tripleurospermum inodorum’s flowers using differential spectrophotometry. Materials and methods. The samples prepared in different parts of Russia were used as objects of research. (2017 – 2020). Spectral studies were carried out in the wavelength range of 350-430 nm with a step of 1 nm using a spectrophotometer SF-2000. Results. To determine the analytical wavelength, the UV spectra of alcohol extraction of Tripleurospermum inodorum’s flowers were studied. Maximum of absorption was noticed at wavelength 370 nm. The differential spectrum of the same extraction with an aluminum chloride solution of 2% in 96% alcohol has a maximum at a length of 410±2 nm, which coincides with the maximum of the Standard Sample (SS) of rutin. The largest number of flavonoids is extracted by 70% alcohol. The maximum optical density and the highest output of the number of flavonoids from the raw material is observed at a degree of grinding of 2 mm with a single extraction for 60 minutes. In the conditions of complexation, the optimal ratio of the volume of the test solution and aluminum chloride with a solution of 2% in 96% alcohol is the ratio of 1:1. The stability of the complex with an aluminum chloride solution of 2% in 96% alcohol is observed in 40 minutes after the start of the reaction and retains it for 30 minutes. Findings. The method is developed and the parameters of the quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in Tripleurospermum inodorum flores are determined in terms of rutin using differential spectrophotometry.

Study on the Preparation of Calcium Sulfate Whisker by Hydrothermal Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1369-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Bi Luo ◽  
Hu Ping Li ◽  
Yan Xia Tan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Feed Mode ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Whiskers

This article took the sodium sulfate and calcium chloride as the raw material and prepared calcium sulfate whiskers by hydrothermal method. The experimental results show that the calcium sulfate precursors are prepared by the reverse feed mode in which the sodium sulfate solution drop into the calcium chloride solution under the solution concentration 0.6 mol/L and the molar ratio of Na2SO4 to CaCl2 at 1:1.8. The precursors were placed in pH=6.12 hydrothermal environments and treated in the autoclave at 140 °C for 4 h to obtain the calcium sulfate whiskers having for the ratio of length to diameter at 97.5 and the better morphology.

Infrared Spectra of Aluminum Hydroxide Chlorides

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane A. Riesgraf ◽  
Mary L. May
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Solute Species

Infrared spectra of aluminum chloride and aluminum hydroxide chloride solute species were determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The solutions which were examined contained: aluminum chloride; an aluminum hydroxide chloride with an OH/A1 ratio of 2.4, prepared by dissolving freshly prepared aluminum hydroxide gel in an aluminum chloride solution; and an aluminum hydroxide chloride with an OH/A1 ratio of 2.5, prepared by reacting aluminum metal with an AlCl3 solution. Significant differences in the infrared spectra were observed. All solute spectra contained bands in the 2500 to 3100 cm−1 region for the stretch of water coordinated to aluminum, with the bands for aluminum chloride solutions most intense. In the bending region for Al—O—H, bands were observed at 970 to 1080 cm−1. The polymeric solute species also had absorption bands, although at different frequencies, in the OH stretch region, 3300 to 3700 cm−1, and in the frequency region from 600 to 800 cm−1.

scholarly journals The hydrothermal synthesis of hydrotalcite by using different partially soluble and insoluble in water mangesium and aluminium components

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bankauskaite ◽  
K. Baltakys
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Synthesis Duration ◽  
Hydroxide Hydrate

In this work, the influence of different partially soluble and insoluble in water Mg and Al components on the formation of hydrotalcite by using only hydrothermal synthesis was examined. Hydrothermal synthesis duration was 4, 24 and 72 h at 200?C and Mg/Al ratio was equal to 3:1. The starting materials were: 4MgCO3?Mg(OH)2?5H2O, Mg5(CO3)4?(OH)2?4H2O, Al(OH)3 and ?-Al2O3. It was determined that Mg and Al containing compounds have most important influence on the formation of hydrotalcite by hydrothermal conditions. 4MgCO3?Mg(OH)2?5H2O as raw material is not recommendable for the synthesis of hydrotalcite, because even after 24 h of isothermal curing at 200?C temperature hydrotalcite is not formed and magnesium aluminum hydroxide hydrate is dominant in the synthesis products. Besides, initial magnesium containing component is decomposed into magnesium carbonate and hydroxide. It was examined that hydrotalcite is formed already after 4 h of hydrothermal synthesis at 200?C temperature when Mg/Al molar ratio is equal to 3:1 in the Mg5(CO3)4?(OH)2?4H2O - ?-Al2O3/ Al(OH)3 - H2O system. However, together with this compound a fair amount of an intermediate compounds (boehmite and magnesium carbonate) are formed. The duration of isothermal curing determines the formation of a hexagonal plates which are characteristic to hydrotalcite.

THE REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE OF 1,3-OXATHIOLANES WITH LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE OR BORON TRIFLUORIDE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2671-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Leggetter ◽  
R. K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Lithium Aluminum Hydride ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Hydride ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Methylene Chloride Solution ◽  
Ether Solution

A number of 1,3-oxathiolanes and 1,3-dithiolanes were subjected to reduction in ether solution by lithium aluminum hydride in the presence of either aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride. Both of these Lewis acids not only isomerized 1,3-oxathiolanes but also catalyzed their hydrogenolysis to the hydroxy thioethers. Under the same conditions neither aluminum chloride nor boron trifluoride had any effect upon 1,3-dithiolanes. However, in methylene chloride solution, 1,3-dithiolanes are isomerized by both Lewis acids although their hydrogenolysis was not achieved, probably due to the insolubility of the hydride in methylene chloride.A mechanistic interpretation is discussed to explain the results obtained.

Mango (Magnifera indica) seed oil grown in Dilla town as potential raw material for biodiesel production using NaOH- a homogeneous catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Minimal Amount

Biodiesel produced by transesterification process from vegetable oils or animal fats is viewed as a promising renewable energy source. Now a day’s diminishing of petroleum reserves in the ground and increasing environmental pollution prevention and regulations have made searching for renewable oxygenated energy sources from biomasses. Biodiesel is non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine which contributes minimal amount of global warming gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matters. The chemical composition of the biodiesel was examined by help of GC-MS and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linoleneate were identified. The variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature were studied. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 87 Kg/m3, 5.63 Mm2/s, 39.56 g I/100g oil, 42.22 MJ/Kg, 132oC, 0.12 mgKOH/g, 209.72 mgKOH/g, 0.04%wt, 12.63 meq/kg, and 92.67 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, mango seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine.

Experimental Study on Carbonization of Low-Rank Pulverized Coal with High Temperature Heat Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1035-1039
Author(s):  
Li Qun Wang ◽  
Zhong Bo Yi ◽  
Zhong Xiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
High Temperature Heat Pipe

Aimed at improving the utilization of pulverized coal, high-temperature heat pipe technology was introduced into lignite carbonization.Under the design of power of 10kw semi-industrial pulverized coal carbonization test equipment, Fugu lignite coal as raw material to investigate the operating characteristics of the device and carbonization characteristics. Experimental result shows that the high temperature heat pipes heat steadily and meet the temperature requirement of low-temperature carbonization. With the extension of the holding time, the semi-coke fixed carbon content increasing, but volatile matter vice versa, however, holding time above 60 minutes, the effect of carbonization is not obvious, and the best carbonization time is 30 ~ 60 minutes. The length of the holding time has little effect on gas composition, the content of H2 and CH4 are relatively higher than the rest gas, (H2 + CH4) gas accounted for 70% of the total, the heating value remains at 18.76 ~ 19.22MJ/m3, belongs to medium-high value gas, could provide for industrial and civilian use.

The Experimental of Low Temperature Color Slip for Decorative on Earthenware Body

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Soravich Mulinta
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yellow Color

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dolomite body, frit and potassium feldspar on the properties of color slip for decorative method of color slip on earthen ware production. The characterization of raw material was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The experiment started with triaxial blend of dolomite body, frit and potassium feldspar in the defined ratio and then to painting of color slips on earthenware production. After that, firing specimens at 950 °C in oxidation atmosphere. Finally, the specimens were tested microstructure and physical properties. The results showed that the ratio of 50% dolomite body, 40% frit and 10% potassium feldspar were optimum properties for decorative on earthenware body. In color slip consisting of blue color added Cobalt oxide 1% ,Green colors added chromic oxide 10% , Gray color added manganese oxide 10% ,yellow color added stain 2225 10% and hazel color added ferric oxide 2 wt %.

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