Foundational Experiences and Recent Advances in Long-Term Deep-Ocean Borehole Observatories for Hydrologic, Geodetic, and Seismic Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Earl Davis ◽  
Keir Becker ◽  
Masanori Kyo ◽  
Toshinori Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Data Access ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Observatory Data ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractFor nearly three decades, various phases of the scientific Ocean Drilling Programs have deployed sealed-hole observatories in deep-ocean boreholes for long-term subseafloor monitoring to address a range of hydrologic and geodynamic objectives. We summarize the scientific motivation for these observatories and review some important early results from those installed in young oceanic crust and subduction zones. We also summarize the evolution of the borehole observatory designs and associated instrumentation, from simple single-interval installations with autonomous low-rate temperature and pressure monitoring to recent multiple-zone installations with sophisticated downhole instrument packages connected to seafloor cabled networks that provide power and high-rate, real-time data access. We emphasize recent advances, illustrated with example data drawn mainly from transects of borehole observatories offshore Japan and Cascadia. These examples illustrate the value of borehole observatory data in resolving a wide range of crustal geodynamic responses from long periods of gradual geodetic change and accumulation of stress to episodes of rapid deformation associated with both seafloor spreading and subduction processes.

scholarly journals Effect of partial selfing and polygenic selection on establishment in a new habitat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himani Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Selfing Rate ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mate Limitation ◽  
Polygenic Selection

AbstractThis paper analyzes how partial selfing in a large source population influences its ability to colonize a new habitat via the introduction of a few founder individuals. Founders experience inbreeding depression due to partially recessive deleterious alleles as well as maladaptation to the new environment due to selection on a large number of additive loci. I first introduce a simplified version of the Inbreeding History Model (Kelly, 2007) in order to characterize mutation-selection balance in a large, partially selfing source population under selection involving multiple non-identical loci. I then use individual-based simulations to study the eco-evolutionary dynamics of founders establishing in the new habitat under a model of hard selection. The study explores how selfing rate shapes establishment probabilities of founders via effects on both inbreeding depression and adaptability to the new environment, and also distinguishes the effects of selfing on the initial fitness of founders from its effects on the long-term adaptive response of the populations they found. A high rate of (but not complete) selfing is found to aid establishment over a wide range of parameters, even in the absence of mate limitation. The sensitivity of the results to assumptions about the nature of polygenic selection are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Variation in the Concentration of Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10) in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silver Onyango ◽  
Beth Parks ◽  
Simon Anguma ◽  
Qingyu Meng
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Long-term particulate matter (PM10) measurements were conducted during the period January 2016 to September 2017 at three sites in Uganda (Mbarara, Kyebando, and Rubindi) representing a wide range of urbanization. Spatial, temporal and diurnal variations are assessed in this paper. Particulate matter (PM10) samples were collected for 24-h periods on PTFE filters using a calibrated pump and analyzed gravimetrically to determine the average density. Particulate levels were monitored simultaneously using a light scattering instrument to acquire real time data from which diurnal variations were assessed. The PM10 levels averaged over the sampling period at Mbarara, Kyebando, and Rubindi were 5.8, 8.4, and 6.5 times higher than the WHO annual air quality guideline of 20 µg·m−3, and values exceeded the 24-h mean PM10 guideline of 50 µg·m−3 on 83, 100, and 86% of the sampling days. Higher concentrations were observed during dry seasons at all sites. Seasonal differences were statistically significant at Rubindi and Kyebando. Bimodal peaks were observed in the diurnal analysis with higher morning peaks at Mbarara and Kyebando, which points to the impact of traffic sources, while the higher evening peak at Rubindi points to the influence of dust suspension, roadside cooking and open-air waste burning. Long-term measurement showed unhealthy ambient air in all three locations tested in Uganda, with significant spatial and seasonal differences.

Immediate Gore-Tex Sling Suspension for Management of Facial Paralysis in Head and Neck Extirpative Surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia E. Skourtis ◽  
Stephen M. Weber ◽  
J. David Kriet ◽  
Douglas A. Girod ◽  
Terance T. Tsue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of immediate facial reconstruction with a Gore-Tex (expanded polytetrofluoroethylene) sling in irradiated patients undergoing large head and neck tumor extirpation with facial nerve resection. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a retrospective study of 17 patients at two academic institutions who underwent extirpative surgery with immediate Gore-Tex sling reconstruction and completed radiotherapy. Functional and aesthetic results were evaluated at three intervals. RESULTS: All patients had excellent immediate results and good or excellent intermediate-term results. At long-term follow-up, results were good to excellent in 47% and unacceptable in 35% of patients. CONCLUSION: In irradiated patients undergoing total parotidectomy with immediate facial reconstruction using Gore-Tex slings, early results are excellent, but there is a high incidence of major wound complications and unacceptable results in long-term follow-up. SIGNIFICANCE: There is a high rate of late complications associated with immediate facial reconstruction with Gore-Tex slings in irradiated patients.

scholarly journals Long-term Monitoring with Small and Medium-sized Telescopes on the Ground and in Space

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S285) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
P. A. Charles ◽  
M. M. Kotze ◽  
A. Rajoelimanana
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Time Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sky Monitor ◽  
Real Time Data Processing ◽  
Large Telescopes

AbstractThe last 20 years have seen revolutionary developments of large-scale synoptic surveys of the sky, both from the ground (e.g., the MACHO and OGLE projects, which were targetted at micro-lensing studies) and in space (e.g., the X-ray All-Sky Monitor onboard RXTE). These utilised small and medium-sized telescopes to search for transient-like events, but they have now built up a huge database of long-term light-curves, thereby enabling archival research on a wide range of objects that has not been possible hitherto. This is illustrated with examples of long time-scale optical and X-ray variability studies from the field of X-ray binary research: the high-mass BeX binaries in the SMC (using MACHO and OGLE), and the bright galactic-bulge X-ray sources (mostly LMXBs, using RXTE/ASM). As such facilities develop greater capabilities in future and at other wavelengths (developments in South Africa will be described), real-time data processing will allow much more rapid follow-up studies with the new generation of queue-scheduled large telescopes such as SALT.

Long-term results of aortoventriculoplasty

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Ian M Mitchell ◽  
James P. Gnanapragasam ◽  
James C.S. Pollock ◽  
Alan B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Mechanical Valve ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow

AbstractObstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract continues to represent a challenging surgical problem, particularly in children. Failure to relieve the obstruction by either valvotomy or myectomy requires enlargement of the ventriculoaortic junction and outflow tract. Alternatively, the obstruction can be by passed using an apical valved veritriculo aortic conduit, althoughthis is associatedwith a high rate oflong-term complications. The use of a small xenograft in children is less than ideal because of early calcification, and the insertion of a mechanical valve may be feasible only after considerable enlargement of the ventriculoaortic junction. Aortoventriculoplasty is particularly suited for this purpose, and it is usually associated with good early results. Yet, long-term experience with this procedure, as far as we know, has not been reported previously. We describe our experience with the use of aortoventriculoplasty in four patients, three of whom have been followed-up for more than five years. Two patients have required reoperation for replacement of their prosthetic valves, one for bacterial endocarditis and the other for fracture of a continuous prolene suture which secured the prosthetic valve to the Dacron septal patch. All patients are currently in good health with continuing satisfactory relief of obstruction to their left ventricular outflow tract.

scholarly journals Photospheric data programs at the Debrecen Observatory

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S273) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Győri ◽  
T. Baranyi ◽  
A. Ludmány
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
The Web

AbstractThe primary task of the Debrecen Observatory is the most detailed, reliable and precise documentation of the solar photospheric activity. This long-term effort started with the continuation of the Greenwich photoheliograph program, this is the Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) sunspot catalogue based on ground-based observations. The profile of the work has later been extended to space-borne observations (SOHO/MDI and SDO), to magnetic fields and faculae as well as to higher temporal resolution (one hour) and nearly real-time data supply. The database also includes historical observations. The web-presentation developed for the material is easy to search and browse. We describe the main characteristics of these catalogs, and their advantages. We summarize the recent advances in the procedure of their compilation, and the available sets of the data and images.

Evolution of Orogenic Plateaus at Subduction Zones - Sinking and raising the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fernández-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Inversion Tectonics ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Anatolian Plateau ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Southern Margin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forearc Basins ◽  
Orogenic Plateaus

Orogenic plateaus have raised abundant attention amongst geoscientists during the last decades, offering unique opportunities to better understand the relationships between tectonics and climate, and their expression on the Earth’s surface.Orogenic plateau margins are key areas for understanding the mechanisms behind plateau (de)formation. Plateau margins are transitional areas between domains with contrasting relief and characteristics; the roughly flat elevated plateau interior, often with internally drained endorheic basins, and the external steep areas, deeply incised by high-discharge rivers. This thesis uses a wide range of structural and tectonic approaches to investigate the evolution of the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP), studying an area between the plateau interior and the Cyprus arc. Several findings are presented here that constrain the evolution, timing and possible causes behind the development of this area, and thus that of the CAP. After peneplanation of the regional orogeny, abroad regional subsidence took place in Miocene times in the absence of major extensional faults, which led to the formation of a large basin in the northeast Mediterranean. Late Tortonian and younger contractional structures developed in the interior of the plateau, in its margin and offshore, and forced the inversion tectonics that fragmented the early Miocene basin into the different present-day domains. The tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the CAP can be explained based on the initiation of subduction in south Cyprus and subsequent thermo-mechanical behavior of this subduction zone and the evolving rheology of the Anatolian plate. The Cyprus slab retreat and posterior pull drove subsidence first by relatively minor stretching of the crust and then by its flexure. The growth by accretion and thickening of the upper plate, and that of the associated forearc basins system, caused by accreting sediments, led to rheological changes at the base of the crust that allowed thermal weakening, viscous deformation, driving subsequent surface uplift and raising the modern Taurus Mountains. This mechanism could be responsible for the uplifted plateau-like areas seen in other accretionary margins. ISBN: 978-90-9028673-0

Modern prevention and active longevity programs on the basis of disruptive domestic technologies: positive experience and prospects for application

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
A. Simonova ◽  
S. Chudakov ◽  
R. Gorenkov ◽  
V. Egorov ◽  
A. Gostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Program ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

The article summarizes the long-term experience of practical application of domestic breakthrough technologies of preventive personalized medicine for laboratory diagnostics of a wide range of socially significant non-infectious diseases. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an integrated program for early detection and prevention of civilization diseases based on these technologies are given. A vision of the prospects for the development of this area in domestic and foreign medicine has been formed.

To the 70th anniversary of World Meteorological Organization. Scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of the USSR/Russia in the Programs of World Meteorological Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
S.V. Borshch ◽  
◽  
R.M. Vil’fand ◽  
D.B. Kiktev ◽  
V.M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the summary and results of long-term and multi-faceted experience of international scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring within the framework of WMO programs, which indicates its high efficiency in performing a wide range of works at a high scientific and technical level. Keywords: World Meteorological Organization, major WMO programs, representatives of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in WMO

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