Influence of Deep-Sea Ambient Conditions in the Performance of Pressure-Compensated Induction Motors

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure in the starting performance of deep-sea pressure-compensated (PC) induction motors is essential for sizing of the motor and upstream power systems. This paper presents the observations from experiments carried out on industry-standard 3000-V rated deep-sea PC induction motors of 30- and 60-kW capacities in a hyperbaric chamber. It is identified that the motors consume about 30% of their rated power when started at a pressure of 600 bar and a temperature of 2°C. The results could be used for sizing of deep sea electric motors taking into consideration the increased starting power requirements due to the viscous drag of the PC fluid and to design PC oil viscosity management systems.

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Effect of Low Temperature and High Pressure on Deep-Sea Oil-Filled Brushless DC Motors

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.50.2.8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minjian Cai ◽

Shijun Wu ◽

Canjun Yang

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Viscosity ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Power Loss ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Viscous Drag ◽

Oil Viscosity ◽

Brushless Dc Motors ◽

Brushless Dc ◽

Dc Motors ◽

Viscous Torque

AbstractThe principle of electronic commutation makes brushless DC motors suitable for deep-sea application by sealing the motor in an oil-filled housing. However, if the oil-filled actuator is not designed properly, it will malfunction in the deep sea in spite of its excellent performance on land. In this paper, oil viscosity variations with pressure and temperature are reviewed because both factors vary with the operating depth, and a practical approach to estimate the viscous torque is advanced based on a viscous drag model of the selected motor and the properties of the oil. An experimental rig that can simulate the deep sea environment was developed, by which a series of experiments to study the motor efficiency and dynamic performance in different conditions were conducted. The values of viscous torque obtained in the experiments agreed well with our estimation. The low efficiency in the 2°C experimental group confirmed the influence of temperature, while the dramatic difference in the dynamic performance of the motor when filled with different oils verified the importance of analyzing the properties of the oil and of making a deliberate selection.<def-list>Nomenclature<def-item><term>T0</term><def>Normal temperature</def></def-item><def-item><term>P0</term><def>Atmospheric pressure</def></def-item><def-item><term>μ</term><def>Dynamic viscosity</def></def-item><def-item><term>μ0</term><def>Dynamic viscosity at given temperature T0 and pressure P0</def></def-item><def-item><term>ρ</term><def>Density</def></def-item><def-item><term>P</term><def>Pressure</def></def-item><def-item><term>T</term><def>Temperature</def></def-item><def-item><term>α</term><def>Pressure-viscosity coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>η</term><def>Kinetic viscosity</def></def-item><def-item><term><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mimetype="image" xlink:href="MTS50208e13.gif"/></term><def>Taylor number</def></def-item><def-item><term>Mv</term><def>Viscous drag moment</def></def-item><def-item><term>MC</term><def>Viscous drag moment acting on cylinder flank</def></def-item><def-item><term>CM</term><def>Moment coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ri</term><def>Rotor diameter</def></def-item><def-item><term>C</term><def>Air-gap clearance</def></def-item><def-item><term>L</term><def>Rotor length</def></def-item><def-item><term>B</term><def>Clearance between housing and end face of the motor</def></def-item><def-item><term>ω</term><def>Rotor angular velocity</def></def-item><def-item><term>Re</term><def>Reynolds number</def></def-item><def-item><term>k</term><def>Coefficient relating to the motor geometry</def></def-item><def-item><term>PeL</term><def>Input electric power</def></def-item><def-item><term>Pir</term><def>Iron power loss</def></def-item><def-item><term>Pme</term><def>Mechanical power</def></def-item><def-item><term>Pj</term><def>Joule power loss</def></def-item><def-item><term>R</term><def>Phase resistance</def></def-item><def-item><term>U</term><def>Input voltage</def></def-item><def-item><term>I</term><def>Input current</def></def-item></def-list>

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Performance of Electromagnetic Oil Circuit Breakers Under Hyperbaric Conditions

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.53.1.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 74-82

Author(s):

Narayanaswamy Vedachalam ◽

Arunachalam Umapathy ◽

Sethuram Muthukrishna Babu ◽

Kandan Venketesan ◽

Nanda Kumar Suresh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Circuit Breaker ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Electric Circuit ◽

Circuit Breakers ◽

Hyperbaric Chamber ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Viscosity Increase ◽

Electromagnetically Actuated ◽

Hyperbaric Conditions

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of ambient hydrostatic pressure in the electric circuit breaking performance of pressure-compensated (PC) electromagnetically actuated oil circuit breakers is essential for the design of reliable deep ocean power systems. Experiments are conducted using an industry-standard 300-V direct current PC power contactor in a hyperbaric chamber. It is identified that at 150-bar pressure, the circuit breaking duration and arc energy reduce fivefold and threefold, respectively, compared to their performance at 1-bar conditions. At pressures greater than 200 bar, the circuit breaker opening duration increases due to the increase in the viscosity of the dielectric PC oil. This leads to increased arc energy and formation of larger carbon conglomerations due to the breakdown of dielectric oil. During the hyperbaric experiments, the pressure-induced viscosity increase was offset by increasing the oil temperature.

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Fuel Optimization for Power, Heat and CHP Systems Including Emissions Regulations and Ambient Conditions

Advanced Energy Systems ◽

10.1115/imece2005-81707 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel-Angel Gonzalez-Chapa ◽

Jose-Ramon Vega-Galaz

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Good Practice ◽

Combined Heat And Power ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The World ◽

Fuel Optimization

Combined Heat and Power systems have been used all around the world due to their effective and viable way of transforming energy from fossil fuel. Indeed, the advantage of lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to those obtained in conventional power or conventional heat generation systems have been an important factor giving CHP systems an advantage over these conventional ones. Certainly CHP has been, and continues to be, a good practice while renewable technologies become more economically. While these technologies emerge it is important to continue minimizing these greenhouse gas emissions from conventional and CHP units as much as possible. This paper deals with the fuel optimization of power, heat and CHP systems including emissions and ambient conditions constraints. Ambient conditions variations are evaluated before solving the optimization and then introduced to the problem to consider their effects.

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Pressure-Tolerant Electronics and Discharge Performance of Pressure-Compensated Lead Acid Batteries Under Hyperbaric Conditions

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.52.5.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 110-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Billavara Omaiah Vishwanath ◽

Narayanaswamy Vedachalam ◽

Panayan Muthuvel ◽

Kannaiyah Jayanthi ◽

Gidugu Ananda Ramadass

Keyword(s):

Deep Ocean ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Hyperbaric Chamber ◽

Discharge Performance ◽

Terminal Voltage ◽

Reliable Design ◽

Glass Mat ◽

Vrla Battery ◽

Hyperbaric Conditions ◽

Lead Acid

AbstractUnderstanding the variations in the energy discharge performance of pressure-compensated valve-regulated lead acid (PC VRLA) batteries under the influence of increased hydrostatic pressure is essential for the reliable design of deep-ocean battery-powered systems. The paper reviews developments in the field of pressure-tolerant electronics and presents observations from the experiments done on a12 V‐40 Ah absorbent glass mat type PC VRLA battery in a hyperbaric chamber at 600 bar pressure. It is identified that, during discharge at 600 bar pressure, the terminal voltage and energy discharge capacity of a 12-V fully charged battery drop by 1.05 V and about 15%, respectively, and need to be discharged below the minimum voltage levels recommended under normal ambient conditions. The identified results, along with the temperature derating factor, could be used for sizing of deep-ocean operated PC VRLA batteries.

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The importance of big data technology

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.21139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.5) ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Samson Fadiya ◽

Arif Sari

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Data Analytics ◽

Big Data Analytics ◽

Management Systems ◽

Apache Hadoop ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Data Framework ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

Relational Database Management ◽

Big Data Technology

The adoption of Web 2.0 technologies, Internet of Things, etc. by individuals and organization has led to an explosion of data. As it stands, existing Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs) are incapable of handling this deluge of data. The term Big Data was coined to represent these vast, fast and complex datasets that regular RDBMSs could not handle. Special tools or frameworks were developed to deal with processing, managing and storing this big data. These tools are capable of functioning in distributed industry- standard environments thereby maintaining efficiency and effectiveness at a business level. Apache Hadoop is an example of such a framework. This report discusses big data, it origins, opportunities and challenges that it presents, big data analytics and the application of big data using existing big data tools or frameworks. It also discusses Apache Hadoop as a big data framework and provides a basic overview of this technology from technological and business perspectives.

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Effect of Large Induction Motors on the Transient Stability of Power Systems

2007 39th North American Power Symposium ◽

10.1109/naps.2007.4402314 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sirisha Tanneeru ◽

Joydeep Mitra ◽

Yashwant J. Patil ◽

Satish J. Ranade

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Transient Stability ◽

Induction Motors

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Energy Efficiency Analysis of Fixed-Speed Pump Drives with Various Types of Motors

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9245295 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (24) ◽

pp. 5295 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Victor Goman ◽

Safarbek Oshurbekov ◽

Vadim Kazakbaev ◽

Vladimir Prakht ◽

Vladimir Dmitrievskii

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Induction Motors ◽

Electric Motors ◽

Pump Unit ◽

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽

Variable Flow ◽

Synchronous Motors ◽

Flow Pump

The paper presents a comparative analysis of energy consumption by 2.2 kW electric motors of various types and energy efficiency classes in the electric drive of a pump unit with throttle control in a water supply system. Line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors of the IE4 energy efficiency class and induction motors of the IE4 and IE3 energy efficiency classes of various manufacturers were considered (IE4 and IE3 are labels of energy efficiency classes of electric motors according to IEC 60034-30-1 standard). Energy consumption at a hydraulic load changing under a typical duty cycle was calculated based on the nameplate data of the pump and electric motors. The developed method shows that selecting an electric motor based on the IE energy efficiency class under the IEC 60034-30-1 standard (i.e., based on efficiency at a rated load) may not provide the minimum energy consumption of a variable flow pump unit over a typical duty cycle. In particular, the considered IE4 class line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors do not provide significant advantages over IE4 class induction motors, and sometimes even over IE3 class induction motors when they are used in variable flow pump units.

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