scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Analysis of Fixed-Speed Pump Drives with Various Types of Motors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Goman ◽  
Safarbek Oshurbekov ◽  
Vadim Kazakbaev ◽  
Vladimir Prakht ◽  
Vladimir Dmitrievskii
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Pump Unit ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Flow Pump

The paper presents a comparative analysis of energy consumption by 2.2 kW electric motors of various types and energy efficiency classes in the electric drive of a pump unit with throttle control in a water supply system. Line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors of the IE4 energy efficiency class and induction motors of the IE4 and IE3 energy efficiency classes of various manufacturers were considered (IE4 and IE3 are labels of energy efficiency classes of electric motors according to IEC 60034-30-1 standard). Energy consumption at a hydraulic load changing under a typical duty cycle was calculated based on the nameplate data of the pump and electric motors. The developed method shows that selecting an electric motor based on the IE energy efficiency class under the IEC 60034-30-1 standard (i.e., based on efficiency at a rated load) may not provide the minimum energy consumption of a variable flow pump unit over a typical duty cycle. In particular, the considered IE4 class line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors do not provide significant advantages over IE4 class induction motors, and sometimes even over IE3 class induction motors when they are used in variable flow pump units.

scholarly journals Analysis of the payback period of a modernized pump unit with induction electric motors of advanced energy efficiency classes

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Goman ◽  
V.A. Prakht ◽  
V.M. Kazakbaev ◽  
V.A. Dmitrievskii ◽  
E.A. Valeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Pump Unit ◽  
Operating Period ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Electricity Costs

Aim. The comparative analysis of energy consumption, electricity costs during lifetime cycle and payback period of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, belonging to various energy efficiency classes, feeding directly from power grid. Methods. The examined operating modes aligned with a typical operating cycle of a pump unit with approximately constant flow rate of 75-110 % of the rated flow. The calculations were based on the pump and induction motors nameplate data, which, in their turn, were based on the manufacturers’ experimental data. Results. The calculations of energy consumption, electricity costs and payback periods of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, feeding directly from power grid have been performed in the article. The application of induction motors belonging to IE2, IE3 and IE4 energy efficiency classes has been discussed. Practical value. It has been demonstrated, than in case of replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 due to planned retrofit, payback period for an IE4 induction motor is 2.18 years, energy savings within a calculated 20-year operating period are 268MW·h, which makes €41110 in money terms. Under the same conditions, the replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 with an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE3 will allow to save 88 MW·h within a calculated operating period, which, expressed in monetary terms, is €13500 and the payback period is 5.11 years. Thus, the article proves that despite a higher initial price, the choice of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE4 tends to be more economically advantageous.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Optimization of Energy Consumption and Delay Performance for Green Communication in Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaze Wang ◽  
Chunhua Hu ◽  
Anfeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Green Communications ◽  
Green Communication ◽  
Long Lifetime

Energy efficiency as well as fast data transmission is vital to green communications-based applications for Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless sensors, which constitute one of the important parts of IoT, adopt duty cycle operating mode to save energy. Although duty cycle operating mode will decrease the energy consumption of sensor nodes, it leads to a larger communication delay. In this paper, a utility-based adaptive duty cycle (UADC) routing algorithm is proposed to increase energy efficiency, reduce transmission delay, and keep long lifetime at the same time. First, UADC routing algorithm adopts a comprehensive performance evaluation function to evaluate the utility of choosing different relay nodes. Then it selects the node which maximizes the utility of the system to perform data relay. The utility function synthesizes comprehensive indexes like the reliability, energy consumption, and delay of the node. UADC routing algorithm adopts a high-duty cycle operating mode in the areas which have more remaining energy to decrease the delay. And a low-duty cycle operating mode in the energy-strained areas is adopted to ensure a long lifetime. The simulation results also prove the significant performances of our proposed algorithms.

Energy Consumption Analysis of Variable Flow Pump under Different Pipe Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1232-1237
Author(s):  
Feng Hua Ge ◽  
Qiu Sheng Yu ◽  
Zi Cheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Variable Frequency Drive ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Closed Circulation ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Flow Pump

In the different types of pipe network, the running performances of the variable flow pump were calculated, using pipe valve control, the number of units control and the frequency control to adjust water flow of system, and the impacts of pipeline types on energy consumption of variable flow pump were discussed. The relationships between performance of the pipe network and pump operating condition were analyzed, including the relationship between various flow control methods and pump energy consumption. The calculated results show that the pipe characteristic produces a great impact on energy consumption of variable flow pump. The adjusting flow of system by increasing pipe resistance can also reduce pump’s energy consumption, and the amount of energy reduced is greater in closed circulation pipeline than in open type pipeline. The variable frequency drive mode has big and different impacts on energy consumption between closed circulation and open type pipeline, the greater the static pressure value, the smaller the energy saving effect. The number control and the frequency control for pump are two effective methods of energy adjustment in the loop pipe networks, the change rates of power and flow do not meet the similarity law dew to the pipe network changed.

scholarly journals DDS: A Delay-Constrained Duty-Cycle Scheduling Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy-Son Vu ◽  
Thi-Nga Dao ◽  
Seokhoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delay Bound ◽  
Delay Distribution ◽  
Cycle Scheduling ◽  
Duty Cycle Scheduling

Since sensor nodes usually have a large duty cycle interval to prolong network lifetime, duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can suffer from a long end-to-end (E2E) delay. Because delay-sensitive applications have a certain E2E delay requirement, a lot of studies have tried to tackle the long E2E delay problem. However, most existing studies focused on simply reducing the E2E delay rather than considering the delay bound requirement, which makes it hard to achieve balanced performance between E2E delay and energy efficiency. Although a few studies took into consideration both the delay bound requirement and energy consumption, they required specific node deployment or strict time synchronization between nodes in the network. In order to address the limitations of the existing studies, we propose a delay-constrained duty-cycle scheduling (DDS) algorithm. The objective of DDS is to achieve low energy consumption while satisfying the delay bound requirement in various node deployment scenarios depending on user demands. First, based on network topology information collected by the sink, one-hop delay distribution is derived as a function of the duty cycle interval. Then, the E2E delay distribution is estimated using the Lyapunov central limit theorem, which allows each node group to have a different delay distribution. Finally, the duty cycle interval is determined using the estimated E2E delay distribution such that energy consumption is minimized while meeting the delay bound requirement. Practical WSN deployment scenarios are considered to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that DDS can guarantee the given delay bound requirement and outperform existing algorithms in terms of energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis Of The Effect Of Frequency Decrease On Performance On Five Phase Induction Motor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Suranta Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drive ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Motor Tests

Almost 70% of the energy produced by the generator is consumed by electric motors. The use of induction motors in industry and factories is more profitable than DC or synchronous motors, one of the advantages is easy maintenance and high efficiency. On machines in the industry speed regulation is absolutely necessary. Along with the development of power electronics, this has become very easy to do, namely by supplying a motor with a variable speed drive (VSD) inverter. With the supply of a variable speed drive inverter, it is possible to adjust the motor speed by adjusting the voltage frequency.This study was conducted to determine the effect of decreasing the frequency using a variable speed drive inverter on the performance of a five-phase induction motor. Tests are carried out at a frequency of 50 Hz (grid frequency), 35, 40, 45, 50 Hz (inverter frequency) and the motor is loaded at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5Nm. From the research, it was concluded that, among others, the use of a variable speed drive inverter resulted in greater motor losses and the motor produced a louder sound. At the same frequency (50 Hz) the efficiency of the motor is better when supplied directly from the grid.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Variable-Speed Electric Drives with Induction and Synchronous Reluctance Motors in Pump Units

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Victor Goman ◽  
Vladimir Prakht ◽  
Vadim Kazakbaev ◽  
Vladimir Dmitrievskii
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Pump Unit ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Power Drive ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Drive Systems

This study carried out a comparative analysis of indicators of electricity consumption and CO2 emissions for four-pole induction motors (IMs) of efficiency classes IE3 and IE4 with a rated power of 2.2–200 kW in a variable speed pump unit. In addition, innovative IE4 converter-fed synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) were evaluated. The comparison was derived from the manufacturer’s specifications for the power drive systems (PDSs) at various rotational speeds and loads. The results showed that the emission indicators for IE3 class motors were significantly worse compared with IE4 class motors for low power ratings, which make up the vast majority of electric motors in service. This justifies expanding the mandatory power range for IE4 motors to at least 7.5–200 kW or even 0.75–200 kW, as it will dramatically contribute to the achievement of the new ambitious goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the operational advantages of IE4 SynRMs over IE4 IMs were demonstrated, such as their simpler design and manufacturing technology at a price comparable to that of IE3 IMs.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Indicators for Water Pumping Systems in Multifamily Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7152
Author(s):  
Danilo Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Emeli Lalesca Aparecida da Guarda ◽  
Ildo Luis Sauer ◽  
Hédio Tatizawa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multifamily Buildings

With the current concerns about sustainable development and energy consumption in buildings, water pumping systems have become essential for reducing energy consumption. This research aims to develop guidelines for the energy assessment of water pumping systems in multifamily buildings. The methodological procedures are: (i) definition of the efficiencies of electric motors; (ii) definition of pump efficiency levels; (iii) determination of energy consumption; and (iv) construction of the efficiency scale and guidelines for projects and assessments. The results obtained were that centrifugal pumps with 40% efficiency have higher energy consumption, regardless of the efficiency class of the electric motors, showing a 20% increase in electrical energy consumption. Lower efficiencies directly impact the energy efficiency rating of the water pumping system. Thus the 40% efficiency obtained energy efficiency rating “Very Low—VL” for all motor efficiency classes (between IE1 and IE5). At 60% efficiency, the energy efficiency level of the system was “Average—A”, gradually increasing to “Very High—VH”, as the energy consumption in the pumps decreased and the motors’ energy efficiency classes increased. It is concluded that designers and professionals in the area must consider the efficiency of the pumps, as they play a fundamental role in the classification of the system’s energy efficiency. It is also recommended to verify the energy efficiency of the water pumping system and implement design guidelines so that the pumping system achieves lower energy consumption, contributing to the building’s energy efficiency and sustainability.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Pump Units with Various Direct-On-Line Electric Motors Considering Cable and Transformer Losses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8120
Author(s):  
Vadim Kazakbaev ◽  
Vladimir Prakht ◽  
Vladimir Dmitrievskii ◽  
Dmitry Golovanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
High Urgency ◽  
On Line

The high energy intensity of the modern industry determines the high urgency of increasing the energy efficiency of production processes. However, a big number of motor types of enhanced efficiency classes are available on the market. The motor users can be confused about the choice of the right motor solution for a certain application. In this paper, to help with this choice the energy efficiency indicators of various types of electric motors in a low-power pump unit with a constant rotation speed are studied. Moreover, not only power losses in the motor are considered, but also power losses in the cable and transformer, which are influenced by the power factor of the motor. Induction motors (IMs) and synchronous motors powered directly from the grid (direct-on-line synchronous motor with permanent magnet in the rotor, DOL PMSM; direct-on-line synchronous reluctance motor without permanent magnet, DOL SynRM) of IE2, IE3, and IE4 energy efficiency classes are compared. To carry out the analysis, polynomial interpolation of the available catalogue data and experimental data of the motors are used. The main criteria for comparing different motors in this work are the energy savings over the pump’s life cycle and the payback period when replacing an IE2 motor with a motor of a higher energy efficiency class. The article shows that although the DOL PMSM has a lower motor efficiency than the DOL SynRM, it saves more energy due to its higher power factor, which reduces cable and transformer losses. It is also shown that, despite the highest initial cost, when taking into account cable and transformer losses, the payback period of DOL PMSM can be shorter than that of IE3 and IE4 induction motors. DOL SynRM has the shortest payback period in all considered cases, has no troublesome rare-earth permanent magnets, and can also be a valuable solution.

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