A CONE WEEVIL, CONOTRACHELUS NEOMEXICANUS, ON PONDEROSA PINE IN COLORADO: LIFE HISTORY, HABITS, AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Bodenham ◽  
Robert E. Stevens ◽  
T. O. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pine Cones

AbstractConotrachelus neomexicanus Fall occurs throughout the range of Pinus ponderosa Laws. in the central and southwestern United States. It is commonly found infesting ponderosa pine cones in north-central Colorado. C. neomexicanus is univoltine. Eggs are laid in second-year cones from May through July. Larvae mine extensively in the cones and drop to the ground for pupation in the soil. Adults emerge from the soil in late summer and early fall, return to the trees to feed on twigs, and presumably hibernate in sheltered locations during the winter A tachinid fly, Myiophasia sp. nr. ruficornis Tns., is an internal parasitoid of weevil larvae.

THE PINE SEEDWORM, LASPEYRESIA PIPERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN CONES OF PONDEROSA PINE

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Cone Axis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pine Cones

AbstractThe pine seedworm, Laspeyresia piperana (Kft.), is a common pest in cones of Pinus ponderosa Laws. in British Columbia and may destroy up to 50% of the seed.Moths emerge in May, mate, and lay eggs on second-year pine cones. Immediately after hatching, the larvae migrate to the centre of the cone and feed on seeds throughout the summer. In autumn, larvae tunnel into the cone axis to overwinter. Pupation occurs in spring.

Ethanol in ponderosa pine as an indicator of physiological injury from fire and its relationship to secondary beetles

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick G Kelsey ◽  
Gladwin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Crown Scorch ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Relationship

Sixteen days after a September wildfire, ethanol and water were measured in phloem and sapwood at breast height and the base of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. with zero (control), moderate, heavy, and severe crown scorch. The quantity of ethanol increased with each level of injury, resulting in trees with severe scorch containing 15 and 53 times more phloem and sapwood ethanol, respectively, than controls. Ethanol concentrations in the sapwood and adjacent phloem were related, probably as a result of diffusion. Upward movement in xylem sap was most likely responsible for the relationship between sapwood ethanol concentrations at breast height and the stem base. As trees recovered from their heat injuries, the ethanol concentrations declined. In contrast, ethanol accumulated in dead trees that lost their entire crowns in the fire. Various bark and xylophagous beetles landed in greater numbers on fire-damaged trees than on controls the following spring and summer, suggesting that ethanol was being released to the atmosphere and influencing beetle behavior. Beetle landing was more strongly related to sapwood ethanol concentrations the previous September than in May. Sapwood ethanol measured 16 days after the fire was the best predictor of second-year mortality for trees with heavy and severe crown scorch.

Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
South American ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
North And South ◽  
Root Feeding ◽  
Extensive Damage

This chapter examines masked chafers, which belong to the large genus of North and South American beetles, the Cyclocephala, in the order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Dynastinae, tribe Cyclocephalini. Approximately a dozen of these species occur in North America, but only five species are regularly associated with turfgrass cultivation: the northern masked chafer; the southern masked chafer; Cyclocephala pasadenae (Casey); Cyclocephala hirta LeConte; and Cyclocephala parallela Casey. Masked chafer grubs are important turfgrass-infesting species, causing extensive damage to cultivated turf during late summer and early fall. They are the most injurious root-feeding pests of turfgrass throughout much of the Ohio River Valley and the midwestern United States. Adult masked chafers have blunt spatulate mandibles that are unsuited for feeding on plant tissues; as far as is known, they do not feed.

scholarly journals Stand-Level Height-Diameter Equations for Young Ponderosa Pine Plantations in Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina: Evaluating Applications of Equations Developed in the Western United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Héctor E. Gonda ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
Gustavo O. Cortés ◽  
Steven D. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Level Height

Abstract Two linear and two nonlinear height-diameter models commonly used in the western United States were tested for the young ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) plantations of northern Patagonia, where it is the most widely planted species. The equations were fitted to each of 127 plots, located throughout the geographic range of the plantations in Neuquén province. The four equations were compared using Furnival's (1961) index of fit. Even though there were no important differences among models tested, the nonlinear model previously applied by Wykoff et al. (1982), H = 1.3 + exp(β0 + (β1/(D + 2.54))) + β was preferable because it converged more efficiently than the other nonlinear equation and was more flexible than the linear functions. Differences in the behavior of plot-level and regionwide equations demonstrated the biases possible if regionwide equations are applied to estimate missing heights within a plot. The coefficients for the two nonlinear models fitted to trees growing in several regions in the western United States generally overestimated the height of Neuquén trees. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):202–210.

AIR-BORNE POLLEN SURVEYS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Results from 17 pollen collecting stations in British Columbia indicate that air-borne pollen of ragweeds and their relatives, the principal causative agents of hay fever in North America, is practically absent throughout the province. Coniferous trees and shrubs such as pines, spruces, firs, cedars, Douglas fir, hemlocks and junipers produce the greater part of the air-borne pollen from March to early July. Pollen from alders, poplars, willows and birches is also prevalent in some areas in the early spring. The peak periods of grass pollen near the United States–Canadian border occur mainly in June and the early part of July, while further north they are about a month later. Of the four types of plantain pollen identified from the different collecting stations, English plantain was the most common, especially in the southwesterly part of the province. Pollen from the lambs’-quarters and amaranth families and wormwoods occurs mainly in the late summer and early fall and is more abundant in the dry interior than along the coast.

The life histories of north-temperate populations of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Hamr ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
First Time

The life histories of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni were studied in the Kawartha Lakes region of southern Ontario. There were marked differences in their breeding and molting cycles compared with the familiar pattern of the Orconectes species of this region. Egg extrusion occurred later (July in C. robustus, June in C. bartoni), and juveniles therefore did not become free living until late summer or early fall. With little growing time in their first summer, they measured only 5–10 mm in carapace length (CPL) before growth ceased for the winter. At the end of their second summer the still immature crayfish measured 17–26 mm CPL in C. robustus and 13–20 mm CPL in C. bartoni. Maturity was therefore not attained until the end of the third summer, when most C. robustus matured at 34–45 mm CPL and C. bartoni at 25–30 mm CPL. The majority of individuals apparently reproduced for the first time during their fourth summer; a few apparently survived into another summer, reaching carapace lengths greater than 50 mm in C. robustus and 30 mm in C. bartoni. In males of both species, form 1 and form 2 occur throughout the summer. Although lacking the synchrony of Orconectes species, breeding and molting activities are still confined to the period between April and October. The timing of the life-history events observed in these two Cambarus species may be adaptations to seasonal stresses of the swift water environments that these species inhabit as well as to the relative harshness of the northern temperate climate.

Basal Injury From Smoldering Fires in Mature Pinus ponderosa Laws

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Ryan ◽  
WH Frandsen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
European Settlement

Fuel accumulations were measured in duff mounds around the bases of 19 mature Pinus ponderosa Laws. (ponderosa pine) in a 200-year-old stand in Glacier National Park, Montana. Tree diameter at breast height ranged from 50 to 114 cm (mean = 80 cm). The stand burned at intervals between 13 to 58 years prior to European settlement. This stand had not burned for 69 years. The duff depth 30 cm from the tree bole ranged from 3 to 39 cm (mean = 18 cm). Duff depth increased with tree diameter and decreased with distance from the bole. Duff depth 90 cm from the bole averaged one-half the depth 30 cm from the bole. Duff consumption and its effect on cambium mortality were quantified following a late summer, low intensity fire. Duff moisture contents on a dry weight basis were: fermentation (20%) and humus (36%). Smoldering combustion consumed98% of the duff beneath the trees. Two patterns of duff burning were documented: downward spreading and lateral spreading. Temperatures near the root crown were above 300�C for 2 to 4 hours, resulting in mortality of 45% of the cambium samples (n = 76) tested at the root crown. The probability of cambium mortality increased with duff depth and tree diameter. However, cambium mortality was lower than expected from analysis of thermal diffusion through bark. Cooling by mass transport through phloem and xylem is suggested as apossible explanation for the low cambium mortality.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of fire regime research in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ecosystems, Colorado, USA

Fire Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn T. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Regime Parameter ◽  
Front Range ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract Background Forest management, especially restoration, is informed by understanding the dominant natural disturbance regime. In many western North American forests, the keystone disturbance is fire, and a plethora of research exists characterizing various fire regime parameters, although often only one or two parameters are addressed in individual studies. I performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the derived data from 26 publications to characterize five parameters of the historical fire regime of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) ecosystems in Colorado, USA: fire frequency, severity, extent, seasonality, and climate. Results The collection of evidence indicates a fire regime predominantly characterized by moderate to high frequency, low- and mixed-severity fires that occurred in late summer to fall, with fires occurring in drier than average years that were often preceded by two to three years of wetter than average conditions. The overall average mean fire return interval (MFI) was 21 years (SD = 1.4 years, n = 78 sites) and increased with site elevation (r = 0.33, P < 0.05). Low- and mixed-severity fires accounted for 83% of all observations, and 69% of fires occurred in late summer to fall with no relationship found between latitude and seasonality. Geographic region (Front Range and southwestern Colorado) was associated with variability in fire regime parameter values, with southwestern Colorado sites having a stronger association with wetter than average conditions in the three years preceding fire years and a shorter mean MFI (18 years) relative to Front Range sites (23 years). Data were insufficient to evaluate changes in fire severity and extent due to a lack of historical information, as well as differences in sampling methods and reporting. Conclusion This meta-analytic approach identified variation within and among fire regime parameter values that occurred along elevational and geographic axes, and this information should be useful to managers engaging in forest restoration aimed at enhancing resilience of fire-adapted forests to disturbance and climate change.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ponderosa Pine Seed Sources for Windbreaks in the Central Great Plains of the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Wayne Geyer ◽  
Peter Schaefer ◽  
Keith Lynch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central South

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) has been planted widely in the Great Plains of the United States for windbreaks. Recommendations based on a 1968 study were to use material from south central South Dakota and north central Nebraska. A second test to further delineate seed sources (provenances) in this region was established in 1986. This paper reports results for survival, height, diameter, and D2H measurements in both Kansas and South Dakota, after 15 years. Results identify a wide range of suitable geographic provenances within the two-state region. A majority of the tested sources performed well in both states, thus verifying the original recommendations.

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