ESTIMATION OF EGG POPULATIONS OF THE CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO, SITONA HISPIDULA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN KENTUCKY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER FIELDS,

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Ng ◽  
M. A. Latheef ◽  
B. C. Pass
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractSampling techniques for estimating egg populations of the clover root curculio, Sitona hispidula (F.), were developed in alfalfa and red clover fields in Kentucky. An appropriate sample unit was a 3 × 3 in. (7.6 × 7.6 cm) area of plants and the soil beneath it to a depth of 4–5 in. (10.2–12.7 cm). This was processed by a flotation technique. The spatial disposition of the eggs conformed to a clumped pattern in both fields. The variation of 88 to 93% in log variances was accounted for by the variation in log means. There were no significant differences in dispersion pattern between the two crops. Variance analysis revealed that block and plot differences were rarely significant but the interquadrat variance predominated. The number of samples required to estimate the population with specified level of significance and margin of error was inversely proportional to population density.

DEVELOPMENT OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND LIFE TABLES FOR THE FIR ENGRAVER SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

AbstractMethods are presented for sampling and constructing life tables for Scolytus ventralis LeConte with the objective of comparing the histories of populations inhabiting individual trees. A bark area of 72 sq. in. was an effective sample unit. Within-tree variation was minimized by taking two sample units from two vertical strata at each sampling date. Trees were serially sampled several times during development of the insect.Population tables were constructed for each sampling date and life tables were developed from the complete series of population tables. The precision of the life table estimates varied between 10% and 40% of the mean and generally decreased as population density diminished during development. A sampling design is presented for increasing the precision of life tables, and methods are given for determining the number of trees required for estimating the mean density when studying populations occupying large areas.

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

Antibiotics Prescription Patterns among Dentists in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2656-2659
Author(s):  
Saood Khan Lodhi ◽  
Saroosh Ehsan ◽  
Malik Ali Hassan Sajid ◽  
Adeela Rafique ◽  
Mehak Fatima Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Keywords Antibiotics ◽  
Dental Infections

Background: Odontogenic infections are one of the main causes of patients visit to a dental office. Antibiotics are magical drugs that have revolutionized the 20th Century in their ability to treat infectious diseases, increasing the life expectancy of individuals. Antibiotics prescription is a common practice among dental professionals and according to an estimate by Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and American Dental Association (ADA), over prescription of antibiotics is seen in 30-50% of the cases. Aim: To assess and compare (no comparison) the antibiotic prescription pattern among general dentists and specialty dentists in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted amongst dentists working in the teaching institutions and in the private clinics of Lahore. A pre-piloted questionnaire survey adopted from Jagan et al with slight modifications was used. In this descriptive study 300 practicing dentists were selected using consecutive sampling with a 5% level of significance and margin of error Results: Total 300 filled questionnaires were collected. Almost 84% of the dentists were less than 30 years old while 13% were between 31-40 years old. Of the participants 65.3% were females and 34.7 percent were males. Dental infections associated with gross swelling or associated with closure of the eye were the most common reasons for prescription of antibiotics. Almost 62% of the dentists would give antibiotic if any delay in treatment is anticipated. Almost 50% of the dentists would prescribe antibiotics for periapical abscess and cellulitis. Conclusion: There is a trend towards over prescription of antibiotics by dentists without following the standard guidelines. Emphasis on the correct prescription strategies of antibiotics at the undergraduate level and more awareness should be created as continuing dental education programs for practicing dentists. Keywords: Antibiotics, Dentists, Prescription Pattern.

A SAMPLING PLAN FOR STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF WHITE GRUBS, PHYLLOPHAGA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Guppy ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Sampling Variation

AbstractA study of sampling variation in the white grubs Phyllophaga fusca Froelick and P. anxia LeConte in a permanent meadow showed that inter-plot differences occurred in 70% of the samples. Block differences were rarely significant. For all stages, the most appropriate sample unit was a 1 ft cube of soil and sod. The number of samples required was inversely proportional to population density; this relationship was graphed for three levels of sampling precision.

DESIGN OF A SAMPLING PLAN FOR STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mukerji ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Diameter Core ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractA study of sampling variation in field populations of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on cabbage in Ontario, revealed that inter-plant and block differences were rarely significant. For the immature stages, the most appropriate sample unit was the plant root together with a 4- to 6-in. diameter core of soil. The number of samples required was inversely proportional to population density; this relationship was graphed for three levels of sampling precision.The insect is bivoltine in eastern Ontario but has three generations in the southwestern part of the province.

scholarly journals Trends in Endodontic Protocols Amongst Dentists in Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Saood Khan Lodhi ◽  
◽  
Saroosh Ehsan ◽  
Adeela Rafique ◽  
Muhammad Nasir Muhammad Nasir Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Routine Removal ◽  
Dent Assoc

OBJECTIVES: To determine the trends in endodontic protocols amongst practicing dentists in teaching institutions and private clinics in Lahore. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional survey was conducted amongst dentists working in the teaching institutions and in the private clinics of Lahore. A pre-piloted questionnaire survey adopted from Kohli et al with slight modifications was used. In this descriptive study 270 practicing dentists were selected using consecutive sampling with a 5% level of significance and margin of error. RESULTS: The 270 respondents had a mean age of 28.16 ± 6.18 participated in this study among which 111 (41.1%) were males and 159(58.9%) were females with the mean age of 30.28 ± 7.416 and 26.68 ± 4.62 respectively (12.2%) were consultants, 175(64.8%) were general dentists whereas 62(23%) were postgraduate residents. In our study population, 76(28.1%) dentists were using magnification among which 67(88.2%) were using loupes and 9(11.8%) were using microscope. The prevalence of the rubber dam usage for isolation among our respondents was 110(40.7%) only, 201(74.4%) dentists reported for routine removal of smear layer. Manual canal preparation technique was the most commonly used method practiced by 149(55.2%) dentists. 136(50.4%) dentists were using beveled needles for irrigation, whereas only 71(26.3%) were using side venting irrigation needles. Majority of the dentists (45.2%) were not using any method to increase the efficacy of the irrigants. CONCLUSION: There are deficiencies in the endodontic protocols followed by majority of the dentists in Lahore and these short comings should be addressed by governing bodies. KEYWORDS: Root canal therapy, Endodontic, Practice Patterns, Dentists HOW TO CITE: Lodhi Sk, Ehsan S, Rafique A, Saleem MN. Trends in endodontic protocols amongst dentists in Lahore. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):239-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25301/JPDA.294.239 Received: 30 July 2020, Accepted: 08 September 2020

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SARI BUAH PEPAYA MUDA TERHADAP KEEMPUKAN, pH, DAN DAYA IKAT AIR DAGING ITIK PETELUR AFKIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Rr. Riyanti ◽  
Veronica Wanniatie
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Water Holding

This research was aimed to determine the effect of unripe papaya extract on tenderness, pH value, and water holding capacity (WHC) of laying duck meat. This research was conducted in January 2020 in Laboratory of Animal Production of Animal Husbandary Department and in Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University. The materials of this research were 20 pieces of laying duck thigh meat. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 reaplications, i.e. duck thigh meat marination with 0% of unripe papaya extract (P0), with 10% of unripe papaya extract (P1), with 20% of unripe papaya extract (P2), and with 30% of unripe papaya extract (P3). The observed variables were tenderness, pH value, and WHC of laying duck meat. The obtained data was analyzed by using variance analysis at 5% level of significance, and if the results had significant effect, then were tested further using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The result of variance analysis indicated that marination of laying duck meat with different percentage of unripe papaya extract affected on tenderness (P<0,05), but it did not affect on pH value and WHC of laying duck meat. Keywords: Laying duck meat, pH value, Tenderness, Unripe papaya extract, Water Holding Capacity (WHC)

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