MONITORING POPULATION LEVELS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF NOCTUIDS WITH SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA, 1978–1983: SPECIFICITY OF ATTRACTANTS AND EFFECT OF TARGET SPECIES ABUNDANCE

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Byers ◽  
D.L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Variegated Cutworm ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Euxoa Ochrogaster

AbstractThe abundances of eight species of cutworm and armyworm moths were monitored with sex-attractant traps at 81 locations in a 13 000-km2 area of southern Alberta from 1978 to 1983. The life history and economic status of each species is summarized and the monitoring methodology is described. The attractants for redbacked cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster), darksided cutworm (Euxoa messoria), pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia), and army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris) were highly specific and > 99% of the moths caught were of the target species. Specificity of the attractants for clover cutworm (Discestra trifolii) and Leucania commoides was also high, averaging 98.3 and 96.6%, respectively, over 6 years. The attractants for variegated cutworm (Peridroma soucia) and bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) were less specific but the proportion of target species exceeded 80% in those years when either species was relatively abundant. For those species that were monitored over a wide range of population levels, the apparent specificity of the attractant varied directly with the number of target species moths caught. The use of efficient attractants in combination with high-capacity nonsaturating traps is clearly of advantage in enhancing specificity.

Patterns in diversity and composition of the microbenthos of subarctic intertidal beaches with different morphodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
AI Azovsky ◽  
YA Mazei ◽  
MA Saburova ◽  
PV Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sediment Properties ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Diversity and composition of benthic diatom algae and ciliates were studied at several beaches along the White and Barents seas: from highly exposed, reflective beaches with coarse-grained sands to sheltered, dissipative silty-sandy flats. For diatoms, the epipelic to epipsammic species abundance ratio was significantly correlated with the beach index and mean particle size, while neither α-diversity measures nor mean cell length were related to beach properties. In contrast, most of the characteristics of ciliate assemblages (diversity, total abundance and biomass, mean individual weight and percentage of karyorelictids) demonstrated a strong correlation to beach properties, remaining low at exposed beaches but increasing sharply in more sheltered conditions. β-diversity did not correlate with beach properties for either diatoms or ciliates. We suggest that wave action and sediment properties are the main drivers controlling the diversity and composition of the intertidal microbenthos. Diatoms and ciliates, however, demonstrated divergent response to these factors. Epipelic and epipsammic diatoms exhibited 2 different strategies to adapt to their environments and therefore were complementarily distributed along the environmental gradient and compensated for each other in diversity. Most ciliates demonstrated a similar mode of habitat selection but differed in their degree of tolerance. Euryporal (including mesoporal) species were relatively tolerant to wave action and therefore occurred under a wide range of beach conditions, though their abundance and diversity were highest in fine, relatively stable sediments on sheltered beaches, whereas the specific interstitial (i.e. genuine microporal) species were mostly restricted to only these habitats.

scholarly journals Plasmonic semiconductor nanogroove array enhanced broad spectral band millimetre and terahertz wave detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchao Tong ◽  
Fei Suo ◽  
Tianning Zhang ◽  
Zhiming Huang ◽  
Junhao Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Semiconductor Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Air Interfaces

AbstractHigh-performance uncooled millimetre and terahertz wave detectors are required as a building block for a wide range of applications. The state-of-the-art technologies, however, are plagued by low sensitivity, narrow spectral bandwidth, and complicated architecture. Here, we report semiconductor surface plasmon enhanced high-performance broadband millimetre and terahertz wave detectors which are based on nanogroove InSb array epitaxially grown on GaAs substrate for room temperature operation. By making a nanogroove array in the grown InSb layer, strong millimetre and terahertz wave surface plasmon polaritons can be generated at the InSb–air interfaces, which results in significant improvement in detecting performance. A noise equivalent power (NEP) of 2.2 × 10−14 W Hz−1/2 or a detectivity (D*) of 2.7 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 1.75 mm (0.171 THz) is achieved at room temperature. By lowering the temperature to the thermoelectric cooling available 200 K, the corresponding NEP and D* of the nanogroove device can be improved to 3.8 × 10−15 W Hz−1/2 and 1.6 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively. In addition, such a single device can perform broad spectral band detection from 0.9 mm (0.330 THz) to 9.4 mm (0.032 THz). Fast responses of 3.5 µs and 780 ns are achieved at room temperature and 200 K, respectively. Such high-performance millimetre and terahertz wave photodetectors are useful for wide applications such as high capacity communications, walk-through security, biological diagnosis, spectroscopy, and remote sensing. In addition, the integration of plasmonic semiconductor nanostructures paves a way for realizing high performance and multifunctional long-wavelength optoelectrical devices.

scholarly journals Prototype Design and Experimental Evaluation of Autonomous Collaborative Communication System for Emerging Maritime Use Cases

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Jiri Pokorny ◽  
Khanh Ma ◽  
Salwa Saafi ◽  
Jakub Frolka ◽  
Jose Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Collaborative Communication ◽  
Wide Range

Automated systems have been seamlessly integrated into several industries as part of their industrial automation processes. Employing automated systems, such as autonomous vehicles, allows industries to increase productivity, benefit from a wide range of technologies and capabilities, and improve workplace safety. So far, most of the existing systems consider utilizing one type of autonomous vehicle. In this work, we propose a collaboration of different types of unmanned vehicles in maritime offshore scenarios. Providing high capacity, extended coverage, and better quality of services, autonomous collaborative systems can enable emerging maritime use cases, such as remote monitoring and navigation assistance. Motivated by these potential benefits, we propose the deployment of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in an autonomous collaborative communication system. Specifically, we design high-speed, directional communication links between a terrestrial control station and the two unmanned vehicles. Using measurement and simulation results, we evaluate the performance of the designed links in different communication scenarios and we show the benefits of employing multiple autonomous vehicles in the proposed communication system.

scholarly journals A lognormal distribution of the lengths of terminal twigs on self-similar branches of elm trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1846) ◽  
pp. 20162395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Koyama ◽  
Ken Yamamoto ◽  
Masayuki Ushio
Keyword(s):  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Lognormal Distributions ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Error Distributions ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Ulmus Davidiana

Lognormal distributions and self-similarity are characteristics associated with a wide range of biological systems. The sequential breakage model has established a link between lognormal distributions and self-similarity and has been used to explain species abundance distributions. To date, however, there has been no similar evidence in studies of multicellular organismal forms. We tested the hypotheses that the distribution of the lengths of terminal stems of Japanese elm trees ( Ulmus davidiana ), the end products of a self-similar branching process, approaches a lognormal distribution. We measured the length of the stem segments of three elm branches and obtained the following results: (i) each occurrence of branching caused variations or errors in the lengths of the child stems relative to their parent stems; (ii) the branches showed statistical self-similarity; the observed error distributions were similar at all scales within each branch and (iii) the multiplicative effect of these errors generated variations of the lengths of terminal twigs that were well approximated by a lognormal distribution, although some statistically significant deviations from strict lognormality were observed for one branch. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that statistical self-similarity of an organismal form generates a lognormal distribution of organ sizes.

scholarly journals SEAMUS (v1.0): a Δ<sup>14</sup>C-enabled, single-specimen sediment accumulation simulator

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan C. Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Abstract. The systematic bioturbation of single particles (such as foraminifera) within deep-sea sediment archives leads to the apparent smoothing of any temporal signal as record by the downcore, discrete-depth mean signal. This smoothing is the result of the systematic mixing of particles from a wide range of depositional ages into the same discrete depth interval. Previous sediment models that simulate bioturbation have specifically produced an output in the form of a downcore, discrete-depth mean signal. Palaeoceanographers analysing the distribution of single foraminifera specimens from sediment core intervals would be assisted by a model that specifically evaluates the effect of bioturbation upon single specimen populations. Taking advantage of recent increases in computer memory, the single-specimen SEdiment AccuMUlation Simulator (SEAMUS) was created in Matlab, whereby large arrays of single specimens are simulated. This simulation allows researchers to analyse the post-bioturbation age heterogeneity of single specimens contained within discrete-depth sediment core intervals, and how this heterogeneity is influenced by changes in sediment accumulation rate (SAR), bioturbation depth (BD) and species abundance. The simulation also assigns a realistic 14C activity to each specimen, by considering the dynamic Δ14C history of the Earth and temporal changes in reservoir age. This approach allows for the quantification of possible significant artefacts arising when 14C dating multi-specimen samples with heterogeneous 14C activity. Users may also assign additional desired carrier signals to specimens (e.g., stable isotopes, trace elements, temperature, etc.) and consider a second species with an independent abundance. Finally, the model can simulate a virtual palaeoceanographer by randomly picking whole specimens (whereby the user can set the percentage of older, broken specimens) of a prescribed sample size from discrete depths, after which virtual laboratory 14C dating and 14C calibration is carried out within the model.

scholarly journals Selective remembering: Cue overlap enables pre-retrieval control of recollection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Moccia ◽  
Alexa M. Morcom
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Past Experiences

AbstractPeople often want to recall only currently relevant events, but this selective remembering is not always possible. We contrasted two candidate mechanisms: the overlap between retrieval cues and stored memory traces, and the ease of recollection. In two preregistered experiments (Ns = 28) we quantified recollection of targeted over non-targeted information using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants viewed objects or heard object names, and one of these sources was designated as targets in each memory test. We manipulated cue overlap by probing memory with visual names (Experiment 1) or line drawings (Experiment 2). Results revealed that regardless of which source was targeted, the left parietal ERP effect was selective when test cues overlapped more with targeted than non-targeted information, despite consistently better memory for pictures. The data support the view that selection can act prior to recollection if there is sufficient overlap between retrieval cues and targeted versus competing memory traces.Statement of relevanceThe ability to select relevant over irrelevant information from memory allows us to draw effectively on our past experiences. This ability is critical for behavioral control in a wide range of tasks and may account for reduced control in different populations. For example, people with lower working memory capacity and younger adults remember less selectively than those with high capacity and older adults. External cues like photographs can be strong memory triggers, but relatively little is known about how cues interact with our goals to select what is remembered. One priority is establishing that this selection acts prior to the point of retrieval, rather than post-retrieval. Cognitive control is assumed to act at both stages, but they are difficult to separate using behavioral measures alone. Here, we used electroencephalographic event-related potentials (ERPs) to show that cue overlap enables selection prior to recollection, as predicted by the encoding specificity principle.

scholarly journals Exploring the Glycans of Euglena Gracilis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis C. O'Neill ◽  
Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp ◽  
Martin Rejzek ◽  
Jonatan U. Fangel ◽  
Kathirvel Alagesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glycan Profiling ◽  
Complex Glycan

Euglena gracilis is an alga of great biotechnological interest and extensive metabolic capacity, able to make high levels of bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and &beta;-glucan. Previous work has shown that Euglena expresses a wide range of carbohydrate-active enzymes, suggesting an unexpectedly high capacity for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates for a single celled organism. Here we present an analysis of some of the carbohydrates synthesised by Euglena gracilis. Analysis of the sugar nucleotide pool showed that there are the substrates necessary for synthesis of complex polysaccharides, including the unusual sugar galactofuranose. Lectin- and antibody-based profiling of whole cells and extracted carbohydrates revealed a complex galactan, xylan and aminosugar based surface. Protein N-glycan profiling, however, indicated that just simple high mannose-type glycans are present and that they are partially modified with putative aminoethylphosphonate moieties. Together, these data indicate that Euglena possesses a complex glycan surface, unrelated to plant cell walls, while its&rsquo; protein glycosylation is simple. Taken together, these findings suggest that Euglena gracilis may lend itself to production of pharmaceutical glycoproteins.

Botanical Identity of Seasonal Flowering Plants Available and Maintained in the Home Gardens of District Nainital, Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Negi ◽  
Vandana Tiwari ◽  
Puran Mehta ◽  
Rajni Rawat ◽  
Saraswati Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seasonal Flowering ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Uttarakhand is a store house of plant genetic resources of several crop groups including ornamentals and seasonal flowering plant species. A wide range of seasonal flowering plants are being grown in the region because of its various and favourable agro-geo climatic zones. Ornamental plant enhances aesthetic value of our environment. There are 8 developmental blocks and 1082 villages in district Nainital of Uttarakhand. Nainital district, is a part of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. It lies between 29?0.1' to 29?36' 21'' N latitude and 78?50' 53'' to 80?06' E longitude. More than 7.62 lakh population reside in 4064 km2 of geographical area of district Nainital. The district falls under sub-tropical to temperate zones. During the course of field survey (2013-2015), we came across wide range of seasonal flowering plants mostly belong to exotic origin being grown in the home gardens of natives of the region situated in different agro-ecological niches. The present study highlighted a total of 150 seasonal flowering plants with 120 genera belonging to 50 families. These were arranged alphabetically with botanical names followed by vernacular and trade name, family, origin or native place, nature, season with appropriate remarks of variation in shape, size and colour, method of propagation with economic status.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity and quality of life: longitudinal analysis of the European SHARE database

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Makovski ◽  
G Le Coroller ◽  
P Putrik ◽  
S Stranges ◽  
L Huiart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Share Data

Abstract Multimorbidity defined most commonly as co-existence of 2+ diseases is one of the major challenges of an ageing society. It is often accompanied with declining quality of life (QoL). The study aims to 1) assess the relationship between increasing number of diseases and QoL over time, 2) explore the differences between several European countries. Longitudinal data analysis performed on the relevant waves (2004 to 2017) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Data were collected every two years among participants aged 50+. Health conditions were identified through an open-end questionnaire containing 17 prelisted conditions. QoL was evaluated by Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure questionnaire (CASP-12v). Maximum QoL score, describing the best state was 48; minimum, 12 points. Association between increasing number of diseases and QoL is being assessed with multilevel analysis accounting for time and clustering within household and country. Minimum follow-up is 2 time points. Confounding variables include age, sex, socio-economic status, social support and health care parameters. Preliminary findings show that 20 countries and 87,087 individuals participated in at least 2 waves; 80,041 answered CASP at least twice. Number of diseases when first reported was on average 1.65 (IQR=0,2) and increased to 1.88 (IQR=1,3) when last reported. Similarly, between first and last reported point QoL decreased on average by -0.32 (SD: ± 5.9); estimated by non-rescaled CASP scale. Greece showed the strongest decrease of -1.73 (SD: ± 6.36), while QoL increased in some countries, the most in Portugal for 0.76 (SD: ± 5.62). Our preliminary findings suggest high geographic variations in QoL, possibly driven by differential clustering of multimorbidity across Europe, design issues and other factors. This may underline the need for country-specific analysis and initiatives to address the growing burden of multimorbidity in our ageing populations. Key messages First longitudinal study to address this research questions across wide range of European countries using SHARE. Study accounts for large number of confounding factors owing to the abundance of collected information.

scholarly journals Human placental microvilli contain high-affinity binding sites for folate

1984 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Green ◽  
H C Ford
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Human Term Placenta ◽  
High Affinity Binding ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Placental Transport ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

Uptake of [3H]pteroylglutamic acid [(3H]PteGlu) was studied in microvilli isolated from the syncytiotrophoblast of the human term placenta. The effect of changes in medium osmolality on the equilibrium uptake of [3H]PteGlu was negligible, which suggested that the observed uptake represented binding to proteins on or within the microvilli rather than translocation of the vitamin from the incubation medium to a free state in the intravesicular fluid. Equilibrium uptake experiments performed over a wide range of [3H]PteGlu concentrations disclosed a class of binding sites with an association constant of 0.3 nM-1 as well as a second class of sites with high capacity and low affinity. Binding of [3H]PteGlu at the high-affinity sites was inhibited by tetrahydrofolate and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate, but not by several other structural analogues. It is likely that the high-affinity binding sites are receptors for maternal plasma folate; however, their role in placental transport or storage of the vitamin was not delineated in these studies.

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