CONTACT TOXICITIES OF FIVE PYRETHROID AND FOUR ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES TO TOUMEYELLA PARVICORNIS (COCKERELL) CRAWLERS

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-564
Author(s):  
S.R. Clarke ◽  
G.L. DeBarr ◽  
T.X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticides ◽  
Lower Contact

The use of pyrethroids in southern pine seed orchards to control seed and cone insects has sometimes resulted in outbreaks of scale insects (Nord et al. 1985). Onset of these infestations has been related in part to the relatively low contact toxicities of pyrethroids (Clarke et al. 1988). Pyrethroids have lower contact toxicities than organophosphorous insecticides against crawlers of the striped pine scale, Tourneyella pini (King). Our objective was to determine if a similar relationship existed for the pine tortoise scale, Tourneyella parvicornis (Cockerell), another scale insect pest that infests southern pine seed orchards.

Evaluation of Aerial Applications of Acephate and Other Insecticides for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Southern Pine Seed Orchards2

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
Carl W. Fatzinger ◽  
Harry O. Yates ◽  
Larry R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Acephate was evaluated for control of cone and seed insects in southern pine seed orchards from 1980 to 1985. Insecticides compared with acephate during this study were azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate, malathion, and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Insecticides were applied aerially, by hydraulic sprayers, and by airblast sprayers. Experiments were conducted in loblolly pine seed orchards in Florida and North Carolina and in two slash pine seed orchards in Florida. Control of coneworms, Dioryctria spp., slash pine flower thrips, Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan), and two seed bugs, the leaffooted pine seed bug, Leptoglossus corculus (Say), and the shieldbacked pine seed bug, Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schäffer) was evaluated. Frost damage and a serious infection of southern cone rust, Cronartium strobilinum (Arth.) Hedgc, and Hahn, caused significant flower and conelet losses and may have obscured differences between treatment effects during some years. All of the insecticide treatments were equally effective in controlling coneworms. The percentages of trees infested with pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), and the striped pine scale, T. pini (King), and the numbers of scale insects per branch after five applications of insecticide, differed significantly for acephate and fenvalerate treatments.

Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
GILLIAN W. WATSON ◽  
DAVID OUVRARD
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Plant Sap

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are obligate plant parasites feeding on plant sap; some are damaging pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Despite their economic importance, the scale insects found in continental Africa have not been extensively studied and the keys for identifying them are incomplete and scattered through the literature in several languages. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the African scale insect fauna. As a first step towards their identification, we provide a key to the 23 families currently known from continental Africa, based on slide-mounted adult females, covering Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Kerriidae, Kuwaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Matsucoccidae, Micrococcidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae, Rhizoecidae and Stictococcidae.  

Neolecanium cornuparvum (Magnolia scale).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Eastern Usa

Abstract Magnolia scale, Neolecanium cornuparvum, is a scale insect that is native to the eastern USA, where it is a widely distributed pest of wild and ornamental Magnolia in landscapes and nurseries. In general, non-native species of Magnolia tend to be more susceptible to attack than native US species. N. cornuparvum has also been reported on Wisteria in Connecticut. The genus and species were first reported from Canada from a specimen of N. cornuparvum collected in 1998 in southern Ontario, where the insect is now an established pest of Magnolia, having probably been spread via the plant trade. An infestation of scale insects believed to be N. cornuparvum was first observed in Hawaii on Sesbania tomentosa on Kauai in August 2004; it had significant adverse effects on this endangered species.

scholarly journals Non-indigenous scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China: A survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trencheva ◽  
G. Trenchev ◽  
R. Tomov ◽  
S.-A. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family

A preliminary list of non-indigenous scale insect species on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China is presented. The sampling was done between April and November, 2009, in the framework of the project “Invasive scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China”. The insects were collected in nurseries, parks, gardens, botanical collections and greenhouses. Representatives from four families have been identified in Bulgaria, the most numerous of which are the Diaspididae (eight species), Coccidae (four species), Pseudococcidae (two species) and Margarodidae (one species). Three species of non-indigenous scale insects associated with ornamental plants were collected in China, all belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. A list of alien scale insect species on ornamental plants is given, including the sampling sites, host plants on which they were found, origin and first report in both countries.

VULNERABILITY OF THE FIR CONEWORM, DIORYCTRIAABIETIVORELLA (GROTE) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN DIFFERENT LARVAL STAGES TO THE HD-1 STRAIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Trudel ◽  
Éric Bauce ◽  
Jean Cabana ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Dioryctria Abietivorella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
The Impact

The fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote), is a major insect pest in seed orchards across Canada and the adjoining eastern and western United States. Larvae feed principally on cones, but they can also feed on needles and occasionally on the bark of young tree trunks (Hedlin et al. 1980; Ruth 1980; Martineau 1985). The potential for a population of D. abietivorella to build up in seed orchards may be greater than in natural stands (Hedlin et al. 1980; Ruth et al. 1982). The use of entomopathogen in the management of fir coneworm could be an adequate measure to reduce the impact of this insect. Moreover, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki has a specific effect on Lepidoptera (Aronson et al. 1986; Gill et al. 1992). The purpose of our study was to determine the activity of the HD-1 strain of B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (serotype H-3a:3b) to larvae D. abietivorella. Bioassays were conducted with first-, third-, and fifth-instar larvae of fir coneworm to determine whether or not the insect's vulnerability to B. thuringiensis varies with larval age.

Scale insect genus names and their families in the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha), a supplement

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4755 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS J. WILLIAMS ◽  
BARBARA D. DENNO
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Comprehensive List

A list of genus names in the scale insects published between 2014 and the end of 2019 is provided; it follows on from an earlier comprehensive list of the names published between 1758 and the end of 2013. Each genus name and its type species are assigned to one of the 53 scale insect families now recognised. 

Nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine), a nitrification inhibitor, may replace fertilizers for promoting cone bud production in southern pine seed orchards

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Cone Production

Male and female cone bud and cone production in loblolly (Pinustaeda L.) and slash (Pinuselliottiielliottii Engelm.) pine was significantly stimulated by June soil application of nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine), a specific toxin for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Nitrapyrin presumably acts by conserving ambient soil nitrogen since only 1.5–2 g promoted cone buds as effectively as 150 g of elemental nitrogen from either ammonium or nitrate sources. Nitrapyrin may serve as a less costly substitute for nitrogen fertilization in seed orchards.

Morphology of testes, spermatogenesis, sperm bundles, and spermatozoa ofKerria chinensis(Hemiptera: Kerriidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-609
Author(s):  
Lucksanaveejit Seubparu ◽  
Mingkwan Nipitwathanaphon ◽  
Wijit Wisoram ◽  
David Merritt ◽  
Lertluk Ngernsiri
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Posterior Half

AbstractThe filamentous spermatozoa of scale insects (Hemiptera) are highly modified compared with those of typical insects. Here, we investigate the morphology of the testes, sperm bundles, spermatozoa, and spermatogenesis of the winglessKerria chinensis(Mahdihassan) (Hemiptera: Kerriidae), a shellac-producing scale insect. Each testis contains two antiparallel groups of several hundred syncytial sperm bundles. In each spermatocyte cyst, 16 primary spermatocytes divide via inverted meiosis, resulting in 16 quadrinucleated spermatids, each having two euchromatic and two heterochromatic nuclei. During spermiogenesis, each spermatid produces two spermatozoa protruding out of the spermatid close to the two euchromatic nuclei and their tails then grow in opposite directions. In each cyst, the 32 spermatozoa form two sperm bundles lying in an antiparallel direction oriented to different ends of the testis. Each spermatozoon has three distinct regions, an apex, a filamentous region and a tail. The spermatozoa have long thread-like nuclear cores that occupy about one-fourth of the sperm body length, located primarily in the posterior half. At the anterior end of the spermatozoon is a translucent, swollen vesicle and a distal, densely-stained structure; a putative acrosome of a type not previously reported in the spermatozoa of scale insects.

Carl Linnaeus and his scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)*

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1668 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insect Collection

Carl Linnaeus named 22 species of scale insects in the genus Coccus, another in the genus Aphis, and one other probably unintentionally.  All are redescribed and discussed.  It is established that Coccus betulae L. is a nomen nudum and that the name was validly described later by Fabricius.  A brief history of Linnaeus’ collection is summarised and his scale insect collection described. Linnaeus’ descriptions of scale insects are here translated into English and all the references to scale insect literature cited by Linnaeus are listed in bibliographical form and annotated.  Lectotypes are designated for the species names Coccus aonidum Linnaeus, Aphis urticae Linnaeus and Coccus uvaeursi Linnaeus.  One species, Coccus phalaridis, is here considered incertae sedis.  Coccus pilosellae is recognised as a syn.nov. of Porphyrophora polonica (L.).  Coccus rusci is recognised as Ceroplastes rusci (L.), not Columnea rusci.

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