Larval morphology and preliminary ecological observations of the uniquely phytophagous rove beetle Himalusa thailandensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
K.T. Eldredge ◽  
T.D. Center ◽  
E.D. Mattison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

AbstractImmature stages of the uniquely phytophagous staphylinid, Himalusa thailandensis Pace, Klimaszewski, and Center, 2010 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) are described. Adults chew or scrape leaf surfaces while larvae bore into leaf petioles where they mature, and then drop to the ground to pupate in silken cocoons. Compared to other aleocharines, the larval body form is unusually compact and rotund, and may be an adaptation to living within the confines of plant tissue. Mandible and maxilla morphology is unique among known larval aleocharines in being robust and dentate, and we suggest this is adaptive for scraping and squeezing plant tissue. The larval defensive gland is ribbed and gland sac ducts are kinked and apically bifid. We suggest that H. thailandensis may share this derived gland morphology with Autaliini, Bolitocharina, Gyrophaenina, Homalotina, Leptusina, and Silusina of Homalotini, and possibly Liparocephalini. The morphology and ecology detailed here for H. thailandensis is the first comprehensive description of immature stages among aleocharines where adults feed externally on plants.

scholarly journals Immature stages and phylogenetic importance of Astrapaeus, a rove beetle genus of puzzling systematic position (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini)

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-p4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Pietrykowska-Tudruj ◽  
Bernard Staniec ◽  
Tadeusz Wojas ◽  
Alexey Solodovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
First Time

For the first time eggs, larvae and pupae obtained by rearing are described for Astrapaeus, a monotypic West Palearctic rove beetle genus of a puzzling phylogenetic position within the megadiverse tribe Staphylinini. Morphology of the immature stages of Astrapaeus ulmi is compared to that of other members of the tribe and discussed in a phylogenetic context. Contrary to conventional systematics and in accordance with recently developed phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphology of adults, larval morphology supports the non-Quediina affiliation of Astrapaeus. Eggs and pupae provided fewer characters with putative phylogenetic signal. Under laboratory conditions, a peculiar preference for isopod prey was observed for A. ulmi. However, this could not be evaluated in an evolutionary context because of the lack of data on the diet of this and related taxa in nature.

Review of Cape Verde Pselactus Broun, 1886 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) with description of a new species, larvae and notes on biology

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4317 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIŘÍ SKUHROVEC ◽  
PETER HLAVÁČ ◽  
JAN BATELKA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Cape Verde Islands ◽  
Current State ◽  
A New Species

The genus Pselactus in the Cape Verde Islands is reviewed. Pselactus obesulus (Wollaston, 1867) from São Vicente is redescribed and P. strakai sp. nov. from São Nicolau is described. Both species are diagnosed and illustrated; their larvae are described, larval morphology is discussed and the current state of knowledge about immature stages of Cossoninae is summarized. The systematic position of the genus within Onycholipini is reviewed, and the placement of genus in Cossoninae is discussed. A short note on biogeography of Pselactus is provided. 

Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3189 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE F. GÓMEZ ◽  
JOSE LUIS NIEVES-ALDREY
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

A comparative study of the larval morphology and biology of Arthrolytus glandium Bouček, Cecidostiba fungosa Geof-froy in Fourcroy, Cecidostiba geganius (Walker), Pteromalus bedeguaris (Thomson), Pteromalus hieracii (Thomson),Pteromalus isarchus Walker, Rivasia fumariae Askew & Nieves-Aldrey and Stinoplus lapsanae Graham (Pteromalidae)is presented. These eight species are all parasitoids of gall wasps in Europe and are components of communities associatedwith different gall-wasp food guilds: galls on herbs, shrubs and oaks. Special attention was paid to larval body shape, headcapsule characters, the mouthparts and especially the mandibles and the chaetotaxy of the head. Diagnostic characters ofthe genera are provided and except for R. fumariae the terminal instar larvae of all studied species are described and illus-trated for the first time with scanning electron photomicrographs. Information on the biology of each species, including new rearing records, is given.

Minute larvae of Leptotyphlinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): description of three genera with discussion on the monophyly and phylogenetic position of the subfamily as inferred from larval morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASILY V. GREBENNIKOV ◽  
ALFRED F. NEWTON
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Thin Thread ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Apical Tooth

External morphology of larvae belonging to three unidentified genera of the rove-beetle subfamily Leptotyphlinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected in Mexico, Chile and Australia, respectively, is described and illustrated. Larvae of Leptotyphlinae can be distinguished from all other Staphylinoidea larvae by the combination of their small size (maximum documented head width 0.128 mm), along with complete absence of eyes, lyriform frontal ecdysial lines, long coronal suture extending for about 40% of head length, short antennae not longer than 1/3 of head length, non-serrate mandibles with a single pre-apical tooth, tibiotarsi swollen in middle with two ventral spines, and indistinctly articulated short urogomphi not longer than twice their basal width. At least some of these characters are likely to support monophyly of the subfamily. Leptotyphlinae are hypothesized to belong to the Staphylinine Group of subfamilies sharing with at least some of them the following larval characters: labrum fully fused with clypeus; posterior tentorial arms extremely thin, thread-like and more than 20 times longer than wide; posterior tentorial pits short, rounded to elongate; cardo lacking transverse sclerotized ridge. The sister-group relationships of Leptotyphlinae to a clade of Pseudopsinae+Paederinae+Staphylininae is hypothesized with the following larval characters in support: lyriform frontal arms; each maxilla articulated laterally to head capsule by a condyle; maxillary mala parallel-sided (=finger-shaped) and articulated to stipes. A larval identification key to all three presently described genera is given.

scholarly journals First record of the early immature stages of the White Four-ring Ypthima ceylonica (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), and a note on a new host plant from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17722-17730
Author(s):  
Hari Theivaprakasham ◽  
Hari Ramanasaran ◽  
Appavu Pavendhan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
First Record ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

Documentation of the early immature stages (egg, larva, chrysalis) of the White Four-ring (Ypthima ceylonica Hewitson, 1865), including larval morphology and behaviour, is described for the first time from India.  A new host plant (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is also reported for this butterfly.

Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4486 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
DOMINIK VONDRÁČEK ◽  
MICHAEL HADJICONSTANTIS ◽  
PETR ŠÍPEK
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842 comprises ten currently recognized species. So far, larval descriptions for only three species are available. Here, we present comprehensive descriptions of third instar larval morphology for the six previously unstudied Oxythyrea species along with detailed re-descriptions of larval morphology for the previously described species. All descriptions are supplemented by photographs and line art drawings of the morphological structures. This work also contains a key to third instar larvae of the genus Oxythyrea as well as observations from collecting sites with focus on biological characteristics of all covered species including pictures of biotopes and host plants for adults. In addition, notes on the breeding circumstances for species are provided. 

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A REVISION OF THE GENUS ATRICHOPOGON BASED ON CHARACTERS OF ALL STAGES (DIPTERA, HELEIDAE)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Ewen ◽  
L. G. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Quantitative Nature

The metamorphosis of 19 Atrichopogon species, 14 of which are described as new, is treated from a morphological point of view. Most of the characters that are employed in distinguishing adults of the species are of a quantitative nature and subject to great individual variation. Hence, we are forced to base the taxonomy to a great extent upon the immature stages; and yet at present the genus can be clearly separated from Forcipomyia only by adult characters. Three broad groups are distinguished on the basis of larval morphology. They are presented with the object of providing a foundation for the establishment of subgenera in the future when more material becomes available.

scholarly journals Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serita van der Wal ◽  
Joachim T. Haug
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Site ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Statistical Representation ◽  
Attachment Structures

Many fields of modern systematic biology are adult-centred. This is unfortunately also the case for Cymothoidae, an ingroup of parasitic forms of Isopoda, with fishes as hosts. Different ingroups of Cymothoidae have specialised appendages that enable their fish associated lifestyles, attaching to different sites on the body of the host. The extent to which these structures vary among species and in relation different sites of attachment, and between different ontogenetic stages, is explored here. This study presents the detailed descriptions, illustrations, comparisons, and analysis of a variety of attachment structures of 13 adult and immature specimens representing three major groups Ceratothoa, Elthusa and Anilocra, along with full focus, detailed photographs of all the examined life stages. The three groups exhibit different strategies attaching to mouth, gill and externally, respectively. A statistical representation of the morphology of the dactyli, used for attaching to the host, was performed. This included a critical comparison of 10 additional species documented in literature. This is the first comprehensive description and photographs of specialised appendage morphology of immatures of Ceratothoa, as well as the first detailed micrographs of embryonic stages of Cymothoidae, and the first lateral and ventral views of immature stages of the examined species. Immature specimens possess morphological characters that can be used to distinguish between different species, but cannot be accurately identified based on diagnostic characters of adults. Quantitative analysis indicates that ontogeny plays a major role in the shape of the attachment structures (e.g. dactyli).

scholarly journals Review of Cape Verde Aphanommata Wollaston, 1873 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) with Description of New Species, Larva and Notes on Biology and Distributional Pattern

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Skuhrovec ◽  
Peter Hlaváč ◽  
Jan Batelka
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Cape Verde Islands ◽  
Mature Larva ◽  
Old World ◽  
Current State

The genus Aphanommata in the Old World is reviewed. Aphanommata kuscheli sp. nov. from São Nicolau and A. strakai sp. nov. from Fogo (both Cape Verde islands) are described. Aphanommata euphorbiarum (Wollaston, 1867) from Santo Antão in the Cape Verde islands is redescribed and its lectotype is designated. All three Aphanommata species from the Cape Verde islands as well as A. filum (Mulsant & Rey, 1859) from Old World are diagnosed, illustrated, and keyed. Mature larva of A. kuscheli sp. nov. is described, larval morphology is discussed and the current state of knowledge about immature stages of Cossoninae is summarized. Vertical and inter-insular distributional pattern of Cape Verde Aphanommata and Pselactus is reviewed and discussed.

Quantitative comparisons of body form and allometry in larval and adult Pacific sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1582-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Strauss ◽  
Lee A. Fuiman
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Shape Changes

Morphometric analyses of body form were performed on samples of larvae and adults of five Pacific sculpin species (Ascelichthys rhodorus, Clinocottus acuticeps, Enophrys bison, Nautichthys oculofasciatus, and Rhamphocottus richardsoni) to investigate patterns of interspecific variation, intraspecific differences in allometry between larvae and adults, and relative shape changes that occur in the transformation from larva to adult. Within species, larvae are relatively more variable at a given size than adults, while adults are more variable among species because of divergence during development. Much nonallometric change in shape occurs during transformation, but the relative amount of change varies among species. The direction of change during transformation is not predictable from larval morphology alone. Some pairs of species become convergently similar during transformation, some change in parallel, and others become highly divergent in form.

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