Inducible microRNA-155 Feedback Promotes Type I IFN Signaling in Antiviral Innate Immunity by Targeting Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1

Many viral proteases mediate the evasion of antiviral innate immunity by cleaving adapter proteins in the interferon (IFN) induction pathway. Host proteases are also involved in innate immunity and inflammation. Here, we report that the transmembrane protease hepsin (also known as TMPRSS1), which is predominantly present in hepatocytes, inhibited the induction of type I IFN during viral infections. Knocking out hepsin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) increased the viral infection–induced expression of Ifnb1, an Ifnb1 promoter reporter, and an IFN-sensitive response element promoter reporter. Ectopic expression of hepsin in cultured human hepatocytes and HEK293T cells suppressed the induction of IFNβ during viral infections by reducing the abundance of STING. These effects depended on the protease activity of hepsin. We identified a putative hepsin target site in STING and showed that mutating this site protected STING from hepsin-mediated cleavage. In addition to hepatocytes, several hepsin-producing prostate cancer cell lines showed reduced STING-mediated type I IFN induction and responses. These results reveal a role for hepsin in suppressing STING-mediated type I IFN induction, which may contribute to the vulnerability of hepatocytes to chronic viral infections.

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HTLV-1 evades type I IFN signaling by inducing the suppressor of cytokine signaling: “ SOCS-1”

Cytokine ◽

10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.213 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (1-2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Stephanie Oliere ◽

Meztli Arguello ◽

Thi Lien-AnhNguyen ◽

Edouardo Hernandez ◽

Agnes Lezin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Type I ◽

Type I Ifn ◽

Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling

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Phosphatase PP4 Negatively Regulates Type I IFN Production and Antiviral Innate Immunity by Dephosphorylating and Deactivating TBK1

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.1403083 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 195 (8) ◽

pp. 3849-3857 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Zhan ◽

Hao Cao ◽

Xuefeng Xie ◽

Linshan Yang ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Type I ◽

Type I Ifn ◽

Antiviral Innate Immunity

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SOCS3 Drives Proteasomal Degradation of TBK1 and Negatively Regulates Antiviral Innate Immunity

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.00090-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (14) ◽

pp. 2400-2413 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dong Liu ◽

Chunjie Sheng ◽

Shijuan Gao ◽

Chen Yao ◽

Jiandong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Influenza A ◽

Critical Role ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Proteasomal Degradation ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Type I ◽

Antiviral Innate Immunity

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-mediated induction of type I interferon (IFN) plays a critical role in host antiviral responses and immune homeostasis. The negative regulation of TBK1 activity is largely unknown. We report that suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) inhibits the IFN-β signaling pathway by promoting proteasomal degradation of TBK1. Overexpression and knockdown experiments indicated that SOCS3 is a negative regulator of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation and IFN-β transcription. Moreover, SOCS3 directly associates with TBK1, and they colocalize in the cytoplasm. SOCS3 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1 at Lys341 and Lys344 and promotes subsequent TBK1 degradation. On the contrary, SOCS3 knockdown markedly increases the abundance of TBK1. Interestingly, both the BOX domain of SOCS3 and Ser172 phosphorylation of TBK1 are indispensable for the processes of ubiquitination and degradation. Ectopic expression of SOCS3 significantly inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza A virus strain A/WSN/33 (WSN)-induced IRF3 phosphorylation and facilitates the replication of WSN virus by detecting the transcription of its viral RNA (vRNA). Knockdown of SOCS3 represses WSN replication. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SOCS3 acts as a negative regulator of IFN-β signal by ubiquitinating and degrading TBK1, shed light on the understanding of antiviral innate immunity, and provide a potential target for developing antiviral agents.

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Listeria exploits IFITM3 to suppress antibacterial activity in phagocytes

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24982-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joel M. J. Tan ◽

Monica E. Garner ◽

James M. Regeimbal ◽

Catherine J. Greene ◽

Jorge D. Rojas Márquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Transmembrane Protein ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Type I ◽

Type I Ifn ◽

Antiviral Protein

AbstractThe type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway has important functions in resistance to viral infection, with the downstream induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) protecting the host from virus entry, replication and spread. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen, can exploit the type I IFN response as part of their pathogenic strategy, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show that type I IFN suppresses the antibacterial activity of phagocytes to promote systemic Lm infection. Mechanistically, type I IFN suppresses phagosome maturation and proteolysis of Lm virulence factors ActA and LLO, thereby promoting phagosome escape and cell-to-cell spread; the antiviral protein, IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), is required for this type I IFN-mediated alteration. Ifitm3−/− mice are resistant to systemic infection by Lm, displaying decreased bacterial spread in tissues, and increased immune cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. Together, our findings show how an antiviral mechanism in phagocytes can be exploited by bacterial pathogens, and implicate IFITM3 as a potential antimicrobial therapeutic target.

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Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) deletion protects against multiple low dose streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in adult male mice

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2015-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amira Alkharusi ◽

Mercedes Mirecki-Garrido ◽

Zuheng Ma ◽

Fahad Zadjali ◽

Amilcar Flores-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type I Diabetes ◽

Janus Kinase ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Type I ◽

Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling ◽

Β Cell ◽

Diabetes In Mice ◽

Socs Proteins ◽

Stat Pathway

AbstractDiabetes type 1 is characterized by the failure of beta cells to produce insulin. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are important regulators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Previous studies have shown that GH can prevent the development of type I diabetes in mice and that SOCS2 deficiency mimics a state of increased GH sensitivity.The elevated sensitivity of SOCS2We show that 6-month-old SOCS2Knockdown of SOCS2 makes mice less sensitive to MLDSTZ. These results are consistent with the proposal that elimination of SOCS2 in pancreatic islets creates a state of β-cell hypersensitivity to GH/PRL that mimics events in pregnancy, and which is protective against MLDSTZ-induced type I diabetes in mice. SOCS2-dependent control of β-cell survival may be of relevance to islet regeneration and survival in transplantation.

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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL36USP Antagonizes Type I Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01161-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 92 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hui Yuan ◽

Jia You ◽

Hongjuan You ◽

Chunfu Zheng

Keyword(s):

Innate Immune ◽

Type I ◽

Type I Ifn ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Type I Ifns ◽

Specific Protease ◽

Ubiquitin Specific Protease ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Antiviral Innate Immunity ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFNs), as major components of the innate immune system, play a vital role in host resistance to a variety of pathogens. Canonical signaling mediated by type I IFNs activates the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway through binding to the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR), resulting in transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade this process. Here, we report that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ubiquitin-specific protease (UL36USP) abrogates the type I IFN-mediated signaling pathway independent of its deubiquitinase (DUB) activity. In this study, ectopically expressed UL36USP inhibited IFN-β-induced activation of ISRE promoter and transcription of ISGs, and overexpression of UL36USP lacking DUB activity did not influence this effect. Furthermore, UL36USP was demonstrated to antagonize IFN-β-induced activation of JAKs and STATs via specifically binding to the IFNAR2 subunit and blocking the interaction between JAK1 and IFNAR2. More importantly, knockdown of HSV-1 UL36USP restored the formation of JAK1-IFNAR2 complex. These findings underline the roles of UL36USP-IFNAR2 interaction in counteracting the type I IFN-mediated signaling pathway and reveal a novel evasion mechanism of antiviral innate immunity by HSV-1. IMPORTANCE Type I IFNs mediate transcription of numerous antiviral genes, creating a remarkable antiviral state in the host. Viruses have evolved various mechanisms to evade this response. Our results indicated that HSV-1 encodes a ubiquitin-specific protease (UL36USP) as an antagonist to subvert type I IFN-mediated signaling. UL36USP was identified to significantly inhibit IFN-β-induced signaling independent of its deubiquitinase (DUB) activity. The underlying mechanism of UL36USP antagonizing type I IFN-mediated signaling was to specifically bind with IFNAR2 and disassociate JAK1 from IFNAR2. For the first time, we identify UL36USP as a crucial suppressor for HSV-1 to evade type I IFN-mediated signaling. Our findings also provide new insights into the innate immune evasion by HSV-1 and will facilitate our understanding of host-virus interplay.

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A Tug of War: DNA-Sensing Antiviral Innate Immunity and Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2019.02627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yingying Lin ◽

Chunfu Zheng

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Type I ◽

Dna Sensing ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Antiviral Innate Immunity

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Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication in an mTOR-Dependent Manner

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.02484-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (12) ◽

pp. 6060-6069 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Run-Xuan Shao ◽

Leiliang Zhang ◽

Lee F. Peng ◽

Eileen Sun ◽

Woo Jin Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Full Length ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Type I ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Ifn Treatment

ABSTRACT We and others have observed that hepatic levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) are significantly higher in persons with chronic hepatitis C, particularly those who are nonresponders to interferon (IFN) treatment, than in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between SOCS3 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication remains unclear. Given its putative role, we hypothesized that SOCS3 is permissive for viral replication. We therefore used the OR6 cell line, which harbors a genotype 1b full-length HCV replicon, and the genotype 2a full-length HCV strain JFH1 infection system to analyze the effects of SOCS3 overexpression and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown on HCV replication. We further analyzed the role of mTOR in the effects of SOCS3 by treating selected cells with rapamycin. OR6 cells and JFH1-infected Huh7.5.1 cells expressed significantly less SOCS3 than control cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HCV replication with the HCV protease inhibitor BILN 2061 restored SOCS3 protein levels. SOCS3 overexpression in OR6 cells and JFH1-infected Huh7.5.1 cells resulted in significantly lower HCV replication than that in the control cells, despite SOCS3-related inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and type I IFN signaling. In contrast, JFH1-infected cells with stable SOCS3 knockdown expressed higher levels of HCV proteins and RNA than did control cells. SOCS3-targeting shRNA also knocked down mTOR and phospho-mTOR. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effects of SOCS3. In independent investigations, SOCS3 unexpectedly suppressed HCV replication in an mTOR-dependent manner. These findings suggest that increased SOCS3 levels consistently observed in chronic IFN nonresponders may reflect a compensatory host antiviral response to persistent infection and that manipulation of SOCS3/mTOR may offer benefit against HCV infection.

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