scholarly journals Enzyme Inhibition by Molluscicidal Components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. in the Nervous Tissue of Snail Lymnaea acuminata

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preetee Jaiswal ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
V. K. Singh ◽  
D. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Lymnaea Acuminata

This study was designed to investigate the effects of molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) on certain enzymes in the nervous tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck (Lymnaeidae). In vivo and in vitro treatments of trimyristin and myristicin (active molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt.) significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicates that both the trimyristin and myristicin caused competitive noncompetitive inhibition of AChE. Trimyristin caused uncompetitive and competitive/noncompetitive inhibitions of ACP and ALP, respectively whereas the myristicin caused competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of ACP and ALP, respectively. Thus results from the present study suggest that inhibition of AChE, ACP, and ALP by trimyristin and myristicin in the snail Lymnaea acuminata may be the cause of the molluscicidal activity of Myristica fragrans.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) leaves on Salmonella typhimurium and Mus musculus.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem Akinboro ◽  
Kamaruzaman Bin Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Zaini Asmawi ◽  
Taofeek A Yekeen
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Natural plant extracts offer a promising hope in the prevention/treatment of cancer arising from genetic mutations. This study evaluated in vitro and in vivo mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of Myristica fragrans (AFMF) leaves on TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium and Mus musculus (Male Swiss albino mice), respectively. The antioxidant activity of AFMF against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, followed by its phytochemical elucidation using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography technique (UPLC). The mutagenicity of AFMF at 4, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg/well was

Screening for PPAR γ agonist from Myristica fragrans Houtt seeds for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes by in vitro and in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri Lestari ◽  
JK Hwang ◽  
Sri Hartini Kariadi ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Trihanggono Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Effect of pH and inhibitors on beta-amyloid fibril assembly

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
Beverly E. Maleeff ◽  
Timothy K. Hart ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Ronald Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Fibril ◽  
Peptide Fragment ◽  
Hydrophobic Peptides ◽  
Amyloid Fibril Formation ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's disease is characterized post-mortem in part by abnormal extracellular neuritic plaques found in brain tissue. There appears to be a correlation between the severity of Alzheimer's dementia in vivo and the number of plaques found in particular areas of the brain. These plaques are known to be the deposition sites of fibrils of the protein β-amyloid. It is thought that if the assembly of these plaques could be inhibited, the severity of the disease would be decreased. The peptide fragment Aβ, a precursor of the p-amyloid protein, has a 40 amino acid sequence, and has been shown to be toxic to neuronal cells in culture after an aging process of several days. This toxicity corresponds to the kinetics of in vitro amyloid fibril formation. In this study, we report the biochemical and ultrastructural effects of pH and the inhibitory agent hexadecyl-N-methylpiperidinium (HMP) bromide, one of a class of ionic micellar detergents known to be capable of solubilizing hydrophobic peptides, on the in vitro assembly of the peptide fragment Aβ.

Kinetics of Various 99mTc-Sn-Pyrophosphate Compounds in the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schümichen ◽  
B. Mackenbrock ◽  
G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Short Half Life ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
In Vitro Stability

SummaryThe bone-seeking 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compound (compound A) was diluted both in vitro and in vivo and proved to be unstable both in vitro and in vivo. However, stability was much better in vivo than in vitro and thus the in vitro stability of compound A after dilution in various mediums could be followed up by a consecutive evaluation of the in vivo distribution in the rat. After dilution in neutral normal saline compound A is metastable and after a short half-life it is transformed into the other 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compound A is metastable and after a short half-life in bone but in the kidneys. After dilution in normal saline of low pH and in buffering solutions the stability of compound A is increased. In human plasma compound A is relatively stable but not in plasma water. When compound B is formed in a buffering solution, uptake in the kidneys and excretion in urine is lowered and blood concentration increased.It is assumed that the association of protons to compound A will increase its stability at low concentrations while that to compound B will lead to a strong protein bond in plasma. It is concluded that compound A will not be stable in vivo because of a lack of stability in the extravascular space, and that the protein bond in plasma will be a measure of its in vivo stability.

Acquired Haemophilia: Functional Study of Antibodies to Factor VIII

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Allain ◽  
A Gaillandre ◽  
D Frommel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Antibody Function ◽  
Native Plasma

SummaryFactor VIII complex and its interaction with antibodies to factor VIII have been studied in 17 non-haemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor. Low VIII:C and high VIIIR.Ag levels were found in all patients. VIII:WF levels were 50% of those of VTIIRrAg, possibly related to an increase of poorly aggregated and electrophoretically fast moving VIIIR:Ag oligomers.Antibody function has been characterized by kinetics of VIII :C inactivation, saturability by normal plasma and the slope of the affinity curve. Two major patterns were observed:1) Antibodies from 6 patients behaved similarly to those from haemophiliacs by showing second order inhibition kinetics, easy saturability and steep affinity slope (> 1).2) Antibodies from other patients, usually with lower titres, inactivated VIII :C according to complex order kinetics, were not saturable, and had a less steep affinity slope (< 0.7). In native plasma, or after mixing with factor VIII concentrate, antibodies of the second group did not form immune complexes with the whole factor VIII molecular complex. However, dissociation procedures did release some antibodies from apparently low molecular weight complexes formed in vivo or in vitro. For appropriate management of non-haemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor, it is important to determine the functional properties of their antibodies to factor VIII.

In vitro/in vivo correlations in the kinetics of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) delivery systems of GnRH peptides

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
H. Berger ◽  
K. Fechner ◽  
N. Heinrich ◽  
D. Lorenz ◽  
E. Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals SIMILARITY OF THE KINETICS OF INVERTASE ACTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. II

1932 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Wilkes ◽  
Elizabeth T. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The pH-activity relationship of invertase has been studied in vivo and in vitro under identical external environmental conditions. 2. The effect of changing (H+) upon the sucroclastic activity of living cells of S. cerevisiae and of invertase solutions obtained therefrom has been found, within experimental error, to be identical. 3. The region of living yeast cells in which invertase exerts its physiological activity changes its pH freely and to the same extent as that of the suspending medium. It is suggested that this may indicate that this intracellular enzyme may perform its work somewhere in the outer region of the cell. 4. In using live cells containing maltase, no evidence of increased sucroclastic activity around pH 6.9, due to the action of Weidenhagen's α-glucosidase (maltase), was found.

In vivo assessment of human vaginal oxygen and carbon dioxide levels during and post menses

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna R. Hill ◽  
Marianne E. Brunner ◽  
Deborah C. Schmitz ◽  
Catherine C. Davis ◽  
Janine A. Flood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Virulence Factor ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Insertion Process

Previous in vitro and in vivo animal studies showed that O2and CO2concentrations can affect virulence of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of this work was to measure O2and CO2levels in the vaginal environment during tampon wear using newly available sensor technology. Measurements by two vaginal sensors showed a decrease in vaginal O2levels after tampon insertion. These decreases were independent of the type of tampons used and the time of measurement (mid-cycle or during menstruation). These results are not in agreement with a previous study that concluded that oxygenation of the vaginal environment during tampon use occurred via delivery of a bolus of O2during the insertion process. Our measurements of gas levels in menses showed the presence of both O2and CO2in menses. The tampons inserted into the vagina contained O2and CO2levels consistent with atmospheric conditions. Over time during tampon use, levels of O2in the tampon decreased and levels of CO2increased. Tampon absorbent capacity, menses loading, and wear time influenced the kinetics of these changes. Colonization with S. aureus had no effect on the gas profiles during menstruation. Taken collectively, these findings have important implications on the current understanding of gaseous changes in the vaginal environment during menstruation and the potential role(s) they may play in affecting bacterial virulence factor production.

Measurements of the jejunal unstirred layer in normal subjects and patients with celiac disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. G487-G491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Strocchi ◽  
G. Corazza ◽  
J. Furne ◽  
C. Fine ◽  
A. Di Sario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Unstirred Layer ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Kinetics Of

Normal intestinal absorption of nutrients requires efficient luminal mixing to deliver solute to the brush border. Lacking such mixing, the buildup of thick unstirred layers over the mucosa markedly retards absorption of rapidly transported compounds. Using a technique based on the kinetics of maltose hydrolysis, we measured the unstirred layer thickness of the jejunum of normal subjects and patients with celiac disease, as well as that of the normal rat. The jejunum of humans and rats was perfused with varying maltose concentrations, and the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) of maltose hydrolysis were determined from double-reciprocal plots. The true Km of intestinal maltase was determined on mucosal biopsies. Unstirred layer thickness was calculated from the in vivo Vmax and apparent Km and the in vitro Km of maltase. The average unstirred layer thickness of 11 celiac patients (170 micron) was seven times greater than that of 3 controls (25 micron). The unstirred layer of each celiac exceeded that of the controls. A variety of factors could account for the less efficient luminal stirring observed in celiacs. Although speculative, villous contractility could be an important stirring mechanism that would be absent in celiacs with villous atrophy. This speculation was supported by the finding of a relatively thick unstirred layer (mean: 106 micron) in rats, an animal that lacks villous contractility. Because any increase in unstirred layer slows transport of rapidly absorbed compounds, poor stirring appears to represent a previously unrecognized defect that could contribute to malabsorption in celiac disease and, perhaps, in other intestinal disorders.

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