Low-Cost Adhesives for Temporary Substrate Support

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 1-60
Author(s):  
John Moore ◽  
Jared Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Substrate Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Green Factory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Simple Materials

Temporary adhesives are a key part to 3DIC integration. Choosing the right adhesive is critical as it defines your process, tooling needs, and by virtue of its chemistry, will control throughput and yield. Although several products and tooling exist in the market, few offer a clear path to achieve HVM at an affordable cost. [1] A wide range in materials and processes are available, most which can be tailored to a specific design or tooling objective. Multiple options in adhesives allow grinding and polishing to <20um, protection during backside processing (e.g. TSVs), thermal resistance to >400C, [2] CVD acceptance (Fig. 1), and rapid removal with cleans on a film frame (Fig. 2). Using batch processing, throughput is increased by a factor of 5 while cost is reduced by 50%, suggesting a COO that is 10% relative to current practice. Instituting simple materials and processes matched to a customer's design will provide benefits beyond cost savings, including “green factory” certification. This presentation reviews several current practices in the market and contrasts these options with alternative low-cost adhesives and processes that are tuned to a customer's product design and tooling. Examples include excerpts from handling thin substrates in semiconductor, solar, and TFT/LCD fabrication lines.

Choosing the Right Test (Influenza) Versus Respiratory Viral Panel With Faster Turnaround Time and Cost Savings

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S142-S143
Author(s):  
Bo Lin ◽  
Manan Christian ◽  
Margarita Kogan ◽  
Alejandro Zuretti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Respiratory infections are very common in hospital patients. Viral pathogens including influenza (Flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are frequent causes. Respiratory viral panels (RVPs) have been routinely ordered in our institution with a turnaround time (TAT) of 48 hours at a cost of approximately $170/test. Meanwhile, Flu and RSV PCR are offered in house with a TAT of only 40 minutes and much lower cost ($40/test) than RVP. Here, we examined the optimization of use of these tests in our medical center. Methods Results of the specimens sent for RVP testing as well as their results from Flu/RSV PCR and the negative result rate were reviewed. The TAT and costs were compared between RVP and Flu/RSV PCR. Results We reviewed 69 specimens from MICU sent for RVP during 10/1/2018 to 1/31/2019. Total negative specimen rate was 74%. The specimens identified positive for Flu or RSV by RVP were also positive for in-house Flu/RSV PCR. Therefore, we have recommended clinicians to order in-house highly sensitive and specific Flu/RSV PCR first for faster TAT and cost saving. Since the recommendation, the number of RVP orders has dropped from 660 (January 2018) to 131 (January 2019), with savings of more than $80,000 in 1 month. Conclusion In-house Flu/RSV PCR test is highly sensitive and specific for identifying the common viral pathogens in patients with respiratory infection. It is fast and relatively low cost compared to RVP and should be considered as an effective first-line test.

Sensitivity of Network-Level BMS MR&R Policies to Variations in Cost, Transition Probability, and Discount Factor

1998 ◽  
Vol 1642 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Adams ◽  
P. Robert Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Bridge Management ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Bridge Management System ◽  
The Cost

A sensitivity analysis of the recommendations obtained from the maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R) optimization model of the Pontis bridge management system (BMS) to changes in Wisconsin’s estimates of MR&R costs, transition probabilities, and discount factor is presented. The scope includes the MR&R actions for 25 bridge elements in Wisconsin. The analysis is based on scenarios of cost and transition probabilities that represent a range of low- to high-cost projects and slow to fast element deterioration. The potential cost savings per element from adopting special policies on extreme high- and low-cost projects were estimated. The analysis identified the MR&R actions that are sensitive to changes in cost or transition probability, the MR&R actions that are never recommended, and the cost and transition scenarios for which the optimal policy is to do nothing until failure. The optimal policies recommended by the BMS and the current practice at Wisconsin District 1 were compared. Recommendations for improving Wisconsin’s MR&R cost database are presented.

scholarly journals Study of novel solar assisted heating system

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110086
Author(s):  
Gareth Davies ◽  
John Blower ◽  
Richard Hall ◽  
Graeme Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Collector Plate ◽  
Wide Range

The potential for energy, carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and cost savings when using low emissivity (low-ε) transpired solar collectors (TSCs), combined with heat pumps in a range of configurations, has been investigated using computer modelling. Low-ε TSCs consist of metal solar collector plates with a spectrally sensitive surface, perforated with holes. Ambient air is drawn through the holes and heated by convection from the solar collector plate, increasing the air temperature by up to 25 K. The heated air can be used for e.g. space heating, or pre-heating water in buildings. The models developed have been used to compare the performance of low-ε TSC/heat pump heating systems in small and large buildings, at a range of locations. The model results showed savings in energy, CO2e and costs of up to 16.4% when using low-ε TSCs combined with an exhaust air heat pump compared with using the exhaust air heat pump alone. Practical application: If the UK is to meet its target of reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, it will be necessary to adopt low or zero carbon heating technologies. The novel low emissivity transpired solar collector device investigated can contribute to this. Its advantages include: (i) utilising solar radiation; (ii) readily integrated with existing heating systems e.g. heat pumps; (iii) significant energy, CO2e emissions and cost savings; (iv) low cost device; (v) minimal energy input i.e. one small fan; (vi) can be retrofitted to existing buildings; (vii) its benefits were applicable at all of the (wide range of) locations tested.

Design of an Inertial Measuring Unit for Control of Robotic Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Škultéty ◽  
Elena Pivarčiová ◽  
Ladislav Karrach
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Robotic Application

Industrial robots are increasingly used to automate technological processes, such as machining, welding, paint coating, assembly, etc. Automation rationalizes material flows, integrates production facilities and reduces the need for manufacturing inventory, provides cost savings for human maintenance. Technology development and growing competition have an influence on production growth and increase of product quality, and thus the new possibilities in innovation of industrial robot are searched for. One of the possibilities is applying of an inertial navigation system into robot control. This article focuses on new trends in manufacturing technology: design of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for a robotic application control. The Arduino platform is used for the IMU as a hardware solution. The advantage of this platform is low cost and wide range of sensors and devices that are compatible with this platform. For scanning, the MEMS sensor MPU6050 is used, which includes a 3-axis gyroscope and an accelerometer in one chip. New trends in manufacturing facilities, especially robotics innovation and automation, will enable the productivity to grow in production processes.

Advances in Research of Botanical Insecticide

2015 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Wei Wu ◽  
Guo De Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Li Hua Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Materials

Botanical insecticides have advantages of wide range of sources, easily made with local materials, low-cost, cost savings, useful and safe to people, animals and crops, etc. The compound of botanical insecticide is an effective way to improve the efficacy of such pesticides. With the development of green agriculture, it will gain more and more attention.

scholarly journals Optimized Skip-Stop Metro Line Operation Using Smart Card Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peitong Zhang ◽  
Zhanbo Sun ◽  
Xiaobo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Smart Card ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Passenger Demand ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
The Right

Skip-stop operation is a low cost approach to improving the efficiency of metro operation and passenger travel experience. This paper proposes a novel method to optimize the skip-stop scheme for bidirectional metro lines so that the average passenger travel time can be minimized. Different from the conventional “A/B” scheme, the proposed Flexible Skip-Stop Scheme (FSSS) can better accommodate spatially and temporally varied passenger demand. A genetic algorithm (GA) based approach is then developed to efficiently search for the optimal solution. A case study is conducted based on a real world bidirectional metro line in Shenzhen, China, using the time-dependent passenger demand extracted from smart card data. It is found that the optimized skip-stop operation is able to reduce the average passenger travel time and transit agencies may benefit from this scheme due to energy and operational cost savings. Analyses are made to evaluate the effects of that fact that certain number of passengers fail to board the right train (due to skip operation). Results show that FSSS always outperforms the all-stop scheme even when most passengers of the skipped OD pairs are confused and cannot get on the right train.

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Durak ◽  
M. Kitapgi ◽  
B. E. Caner ◽  
R. Senekowitsch ◽  
M. T. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

It is better an approximate answer to the right question than the exact answer to the wrong question : the case of the psychometric analysis of the ASQ:SE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Anunciacao ◽  
janet squires ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Exact Answer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
The Right

One of the main activities in psychometrics is to analyze the internal structure of a test. Multivariate statistical methods, including Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are frequently used to do this, but the growth of Network Analysis (NA) places this method as a promising candidate. The results obtained by these methods are of valuable interest, as they not only produce evidence to explore if the test is measuring its intended construct, but also to deal with the substantive theory that motivated the test development. However, these different statistical methods come up with different answers, providing the basis for different analytical and theoretical strategies when one needs to choose a solution. In this study, we took advantage of a large volume of published data (n = 22,331) obtained by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), and formed a subset of 500 children to present and discuss alternative psychometric solutions to its internal structure, and also to its subjacent theory. The analyses were based on a polychoric matrix, the number of factors to retain followed several well-known rules of thumb, and a wide range of exploratory methods was fitted to the data, including EFA, PCA, and NA. The statistical outcomes were divergent, varying from 1 to 6 domains, allowing a flexible interpretation of the results. We argue that the use of statistical methods in the absence of a well-grounded psychological theory has limited applications, despite its appeal. All data and codes are available at https://osf.io/z6gwv/.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

The Right to Bodily Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.

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