Optical Cavity Interrogation for MEMS Accelerometers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001649-001670
Author(s):  
Michael Kranz ◽  
Tracy Hudson ◽  
Brian Grantham ◽  
Michael Whitley
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Mems Accelerometers ◽  
Mass Displacement

MEMS accelerometers utilizing electrostatic, piezoelectric, and magnetic proof mass displacement readout approaches have achieved success in both commercial- and defense-related applications. However, there is a desire for improved acceleration resolution suitable for navigation-grade applications. Optical readout of mechanical displacements has demonstrated high levels of resolution in macro-scale applications including precision movement and placement systems. In addition, optical techniques are common in high performance inertial sensors such as fiber optic gyros and ring laser gyros. Incorporating optical readout approaches into MEMS acceleration devices may yield sufficient resolution to achieve navigation-grade performance. Therefore, the U.S. Army AMRDEC is developing MEMS accelerometers based on optical cavity resonance readout. In the device, an optical cavity is formed between a MEMS proof mass and a reference reflector. A tunable laser excites the cavity on the edge of its resonance peak. Small displacements of the cavity from its rest position are detected by frequency shifts of the resonance, leading to high-resolution proof mass displacement detection and therefore high acceleration resolutions. This paper will present modeling associated with the design concept, as well predictions of device geometries and performance with the goal of achieving less than 1 micro-g bias instability and a velocity random walk of better than 0.2 micro-g/rt.Hz.

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF HIGH-LOADING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES WITH MULTISCALE ALIGNMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOYEON PARK ◽  
KUN (KELVIN) FU
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multiscale Structures ◽  
Printing Direction

Polymer nanocomposites have advantages in mechanical, electrical, and optical properties compared to individual components. These unique properties of the nanocomposites have attracted attention in many applications, including electronics, robotics, biomedical fields, automotive industries. To achieve their high performance, it is crucial to control the orientation of nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. For example, the electric conductivity will be maximized in the ordered direction of conductive nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Conventional fabrication methods are commonly used to obtain polymer nanocomposites with the controlled alignment of nanomaterials using electric or magnetic fields, fluid flow, and shear forces. Such approaches may be complex in preparing a manufacturing system, have low fabrication rate, and even limited structure scalability and complexity required for customized functional products. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), also called 3D printing, has been developed as a major fabrication technology for nanocomposites with aligned reinforcements. AM has the ability to control the orientation of nanoparticles and offers a great way to produce the composites with cost-efficiency, high productivity, scalability, and design flexibility. Herein, we propose a manufacturing process using AM for the architected structure of polymer nanocomposites with oriented nanomaterials using a polylactic acid polymer as the matrix and graphite and CNTs as fillers. AM can achieve the aligned orientation of the nanofillers along the printing direction. Thus, it enables the fabrication of multifunctional nanocomposites with complex shapes and higher precision, from micron to macro scale. This method will offer great opportunities in the advanced applications that require complex multiscale structures such as energy storage devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) and structural electronic devices (e.g., circuits and sensors).

scholarly journals Opto-Mechanical Inertial Sensors (OMIS) for High Temporal Resolution Gravimetry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Kumanchik ◽  
Felipe Guzman ◽  
Claus Braxmaier
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Free Spectral Range ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Free Falling

<p>Gravity field measurement by free-falling atoms has the potential for very high stability<br>over time as the measurement exposes a direct, fundamental relationship between mass<br>and acceleration. However, the measurement rate of the current state-of-the-art limits<br>the performance at short timescales (greater than 1 Hz). Classical inertial sensors operate<br>at much faster response times and are thus natural companions for free-falling atom<br>sensors. Such a hybrid device would gain the ultra-high stability of the free-falling atom<br>sensor while greatly extending the bandwidth to higher frequency using the classical<br>sensor. This requires the stable bandwidth of both devices to overlap sufficiently. We<br>have developed opto-mechanical inertial sensors (OMIS) with good long term stability for<br>just this purpose. The sensors are made of highly stable fused silica material, feature a<br>monolithic optical cavity for displacement readout, and utilize a laser diode stabilized to<br>a molecular reference. With no temperature control and only the thermal shielding<br>provided by the vacuum chamber, this device is stable down to 0.1 Hz which overlaps<br>with the bandwidth of free-falling atom sensors. The OMIS are self-calibrating by<br>converting the fundamental resonances of a molecular gas into length using the<br>free-spectral range of the optical cavity,  <em>FSR = c/2nL</em>,  and then sampling the OMIS<br>mechanical damping rate and resonance frequency using a nearby piezo. This<br>acceleration calibration is potentially transferable to a companion free-falling atom<br>sensor. Readout is performed by modulating the cavity length of the OMIS with one<br>cavity mirror being the OMIS itself and the other being a high frequency resonator. The<br>high frequency resonator is driven by a nearby piezo well above the response rate of the<br>OMIS and acts like an ultrastable quartz clock. The resulting highly stable tone is<br>demodulated by the readout electronics. For the low finesse optical cavity used here, this<br>yields a displacement resolution of 2x10<sup>-13</sup> m/√Hz and a high frequency acceleration<br>resolution of 400 n<em>g</em> /√Hz. At 0.1 Hz the acceleration resolution is 1.5 μ<em>g</em> /√Hz limited by<br>the stability of our vibration isolation stage. The OMIS dimensions are about 30 mm x 30<br>mm x 5 mm and can be fiber coupled to enable co-location with other sensors or as<br>standalone devices for future gravimetry both on Earth and in space</p>

Accelerated Discovery and Design of Nano-Material Applications in Nuclear Power by Using High Performance Scientific Computing

2015 ◽  
pp. 83-118
Author(s):  
Liviu Popa-Simil
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Scientific Computing ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Nano Material ◽  
And Performance

The accelerated development of nano-sciences and nano-material systems and technologies is made possible through the use of High Performance Scientific Computing (HPSC). HPSC exploration ranges from nano-clusters to nano-material behavior at mezzo-scale and specific macro-scale products. These novel nano-materials and nano-technologies developed using HPSC can be applied to improve nuclear devices' safety and performance. This chapter explores the use of HPSC.

Design of a Hybrid Acoustic Device Based on Proof-Mass Actuators

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Braghin ◽  
Francesco Castelli-Dezza ◽  
Simone Cinquemani ◽  
Ferruccio Resta
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Sound Reproduction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Magnetostrictive Actuator ◽  
Acoustic Device

The paper deals with the design of a device for sound reproduction to be fixed to a supporting surface. The device is made up of two different types of acoustic actuators based on different technologies that allow good sound reproduction in the range of frequencies from 20Hz to 20kHz. The generation of sound at high frequencies is demanded to a magnetostrictive actuator, while a more traditional magnetodynamics actuator is used to generate sound at low frequencies. The coupling between these two actuators leads to a device having small overall dimensions and high performance.

scholarly journals Hybrid Spider Silk with Inorganic Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Aleksandra P. Kiseleva ◽  
Grigorii O. Kiselev ◽  
Valeria O. Nikolaeva ◽  
Gulaim Seisenbaeva ◽  
Vadim Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Silk Fibers ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Performance Functional ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Functional Components

High-performance functional biomaterials are becoming increasingly requested. Numerous natural and artificial polymers have already demonstrated their ability to serve as a basis for bio-composites. Spider silk offers a unique combination of desirable aspects such as biocompatibility, extraordinary mechanical properties, and tunable biodegradability, which are superior to those of most natural and engineered materials. Modifying spider silk with various inorganic nanomaterials with specific properties has led to the development of the hybrid materials with improved functionality. The purpose of using these inorganic nanomaterials is primarily due to their chemical nature, enhanced by large surface areas and quantum size phenomena. Functional properties of nanoparticles can be implemented to macro-scale components to produce silk-based hybrid materials, while spider silk fibers can serve as a matrix to combine the benefits of the functional components. Therefore, it is not surprising that hybrid materials based on spider silk and inorganic nanomaterials are considered extremely promising for potentially attractive applications in various fields, from optics and photonics to tissue regeneration. This review summarizes and discusses evidence of the use of various kinds of inorganic compounds in spider silk modification intended for a multitude of applications. It also provides an insight into approaches for obtaining hybrid silk-based materials via 3D printing.

scholarly journals Quantifying High-Performance Material Microstructure Using Nanomechanical Tools with Visual and Frequency Analysis

Scanning ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Sandoz-Rosado ◽  
Michael R. Roenbeck ◽  
Kenneth E. Strawhecker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Organization Strategy ◽  
Stiffness Scanning

High-performance materials like ballistic fibers have remarkable mechanical properties owing to specific patterns of organization ranging from the molecular scale, to the micro scale and macro scale. Understanding these strategies for material organization is critical to improving the mechanical properties of these high-performance materials. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to detect changes in material composition at an extremely high resolution with transverse-stiffness scanning. New methods for direct quantification of material morphology were developed, and applied as an example to these AFM scans, although these methods can be applied to any spatially-resolved scans. These techniques were used to delineate between subtle morphological differences in commercial ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers that have different processing conditions and mechanical properties as well as quantify morphology in commercial Kevlar®, a high-performance material with an entirely different organization strategy. Both frequency analysis and visual processing methods were used to systematically quantify the microstructure of the fiber samples in this study. These techniques are the first step in establishing structure-property relationships that can be used to inform synthesis and processing techniques to achieve desired morphologies, and thus superior mechanical performance.

High-performance diode lasers based on coupledlarge-optical-cavity design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Gordeev ◽  
A.S. Payusov ◽  
Yu.M. Shernyakov ◽  
S.A. Mintairov ◽  
N.A. Kalyuzhnyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Diode Lasers ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Cavity Design

Design and Calibration of MIMU Based on Chip Size Micro Inertial Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
Yun Xu ◽  
Xin Hua Zhu ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Bias Stability ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
On Chip

With rapid development of micro fabrication technology, the performance of MIMU has gradually improved. The MIMU introduced in this paper is based on the silicon micro machined gyroscope of type MSG7000D and accelerometer of type MSA6000. The volume of it is 3×3×3cm3, the mass is 68.5g and the power consumption is less than 1w. The experimental result shows that the bias stability of the gyroscope and accelerometer for each axis of the designed MIMU is less than 10°/h and 0.5mg respectively. For the non orthogonality in three axes of the structure, MIMU needs to be calibrated. After calibration, the measurement accuracy has improved by an order of magnitude. The designed MIMU can satisfy the requirement of high performance, low cost, light weight and small size for strap-down navigation system, thus it can be widely applied not only to the field of vehicles integrated navigation, attitude measurement but also to the fields of personal goods such as mobile, game consoles and so on.

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