scholarly journals A New Halogen-Free Parylene for High Performance and Reliability of Microelectronics in Harsh Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Frank Ke ◽  
Dustin England ◽  
Angie Summers ◽  
Lamar Young
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Conformal Coating ◽  
Conformal Coatings ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract The rapid growth and adoption of microelectronics around the world has resulted in an increased awareness of potential environmental issues related to their use and disposal. Halogens, which have had various uses in microelectronics over the years, are known to emit toxic and corrosive gases during the disposal of electronic waste. Many organizations have applied pressure to the electronics industry to eliminate halogens completely (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, and bromine) from their products. Among the various efforts toward environmentally friendly products, making electronics completely halogen-free has gained significant attention, particularly in Asia and Europe. This initiative even impacts conformal coatings worldwide, on which most electronics rely for their long-term protection, reliability, and high performance against water and other corrosive harsh environments. Among the various coating options, the parylene family of conformal coatings offers beneficial properties to the microelectronics, improved over many properties offered by common epoxies, acrylics, urethanes, and silicones. Although parylene N is the only commercially available parylene that does not contain any halogens, its barrier performance against moisture and other corrosive chemicals is not quite as robust as the other parylenes. To meet the industry’s current and future requirements, a new halogen-free parylene, ParyFree®, has been developed. This study introduces a new parylene type to the microelectronics industry and shares the characterization and qualification results of ParyFree® parylene conformal coating for the protection, reliability, and robust performance of microelectronics. Testing on the new coating includes IPX water resistance, corrosion resistance, and qualification per IPC-CC-830B.

A New Halogen-Free Parylene for High Performance & Reliability of Microelectronics in Harsh Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 000085-000090
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Frank Ke ◽  
Dustin England ◽  
Angie Summers ◽  
Lamar Young
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Conformal Coating ◽  
Conformal Coatings ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract The rapid growth and adoption of microelectronics around the world has resulted in an increased awareness of potential environmental issues related to their use and disposal. Halogens, which have had various uses in microelectronics over the years, are known to emit toxic and corrosive gases during the disposal of electronic waste. Many organizations have applied pressure to the electronics industry to eliminate halogens completely (e.g., fluorine, chlorine and bromine) from their products. Among the various efforts towards environmentally-friendly products, making electronics completely halogen-free has gained significant attention, particularly in Asia and Europe. This initiative even impacts conformal coatings worldwide, on which most electronics rely for their long-term protection, reliability and high performance against water and other corrosive harsh environments. Among the various coating options, the Parylene family of conformal coatings offers beneficial properties to the microelectronics, improved over many properties offered by common epoxies, acrylics, urethanes and silicones. While Parylene N is the only commercially available Parylene that does not contain any halogens, its barrier performance against moisture and other corrosive chemicals is not quite as robust as the other Parylenes. To meet the industry's current and future requirements, a new halogen-free Parylene, ParyFree®, has been developed. This paper introduces a new Parylene type to the microelectronics industry and shares the characterization and qualification results of ParyFree® Parylene conformal coating for the protection, reliability and robust performance of microelectronics. Testing on the new coating includes IPX water resistance, corrosion resistance and qualification per IPC-CC-830B.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Use Of Tai Chi Elements To Increase Respiratory Amplitude

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Mihai-Alexandru Citea ◽  
Marius Neculaes
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Abdominal Breathing ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Different Levels

High performance sport has a major impact on the physiological adaptations of the respiratory system. The importance of the optimal functioning of this system is essential to achieve top results in high performance sport but also in maintaining a long term health status. Science journals present numerous studies that highlight the benefits of practicing Tai Chi on the general population, with effects ranging from improving cardiac function, to influencing the immune system. The purpose of this study is to identify whether by practicing Tai Chi forms a athlete can change their breathing pattern and develop their respiratory amplitude. The subjects of the study were 22 fencing practitioners, accredited at the Iași Municipal Sports Club (C.S.M. Iași), aged between 14 and 18 years, with over 3 years of competitive activity. Materials and method: The study participants were evaluated initially and at the end of 7 months of practice. The frequency was 3 sessions per week, and the duration of each session was 20-30 minutes. The evaluation consisted in measuring the circumference of the thorax at 3 different levels: subaxillary, medial thorax (T6-T7) and lower rib (diaphragmatic) in maximal inspiration and expiration. Conclusions: A constant evolution is observed in most of the exposed cases. In cases where this evolution is not visible, a change in the breathing mode can be noticed, transforming from an upper rib breathing into a thoracic or abdominal breathing. With the exception of one case, all subjects had an improvement of the value in the lower rib level.

scholarly journals Hugoniot Data and Equation of State Parameters for an Ultra-High Performance Concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sauer ◽  
F. Bagusat ◽  
M.-L. Ruiz-Ripoll ◽  
C. Roller ◽  
M. Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Particle Velocities

AbstractThis work aims at the characterization of a modern concrete material. For this purpose, we perform two experimental series of inverse planar plate impact (PPI) tests with the ultra-high performance concrete B4Q, using two different witness plate materials. Hugoniot data in the range of particle velocities from 180 to 840 m/s and stresses from 1.1 to 7.5 GPa is derived from both series. Within the experimental accuracy, they can be seen as one consistent data set. Moreover, we conduct corresponding numerical simulations and find a reasonably good agreement between simulated and experimentally obtained curves. From the simulated curves, we derive numerical Hugoniot results that serve as a homogenized, mean shock response of B4Q and add further consistency to the data set. Additionally, the comparison of simulated and experimentally determined results allows us to identify experimental outliers. Furthermore, we perform a parameter study which shows that a significant influence of the applied pressure dependent strength model on the derived equation of state (EOS) parameters is unlikely. In order to compare the current results to our own partially reevaluated previous work and selected recent results from literature, we use simulations to numerically extrapolate the Hugoniot results. Considering their inhomogeneous nature, a consistent picture emerges for the shock response of the discussed concrete and high-strength mortar materials. Hugoniot results from this and earlier work are presented for further comparisons. In addition, a full parameter set for B4Q, including validated EOS parameters, is provided for the application in simulations of impact and blast scenarios.

scholarly journals Review on Development and Dental Applications of Polyetheretherketone-Based Biomaterials and Restorations

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludan Qin ◽  
Shuo Yao ◽  
Jiaxin Zhao ◽  
Chuanjian Zhou ◽  
Thomas W. Oates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Inert Surface ◽  
Oral Implant ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Dental Applications ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Orthopedic Applications

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an important high-performance thermoplastic. Its excellent strength, stiffness, toughness, fatigue resistance, biocompatibility, chemical stability and radiolucency have made PEEK attractive in dental and orthopedic applications. However, PEEK has an inherently hydrophobic and chemically inert surface, which has restricted its widespread use in clinical applications, especially in bonding with dental resin composites. Cutting edge research on novel methods to improve PEEK applications in dentistry, including oral implant, prosthodontics and orthodontics, is reviewed in this article. In addition, this article also discusses innovative surface modifications of PEEK, which are a focus area of active investigations. Furthermore, this article also discusses the necessary future studies and clinical trials for the use of PEEK in the human oral environment to investigate its feasibility and long-term performance.

Interpenetrating Gels as Conducting/Adhering Matrices Enabling High-Performance Silicon Anodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xia ◽  
Chengfei Xu ◽  
Pengfei Dai ◽  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Riming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Silicon Anodes ◽  
Weak Binding ◽  
Binding Forces

Three-dimensional (3D) conductive polymers are promising conductive matrices for electrode materials toward electrochemical energy storage. However, their fragile nature and weak binding forces with active materials could not guarantee long-term...

High performance inkjet-printed QLEDs with 18.3% EQE: improving interfacial contact by novel halogen-free binary solvent system

Nano Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Liming Xie ◽  
Changting Wei ◽  
Yuan-Qiu-Qiang Yi ◽  
Xiaolian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Interfacial Contact ◽  
Halogen Free

A High-Performance Free-Standing Zn Anode for Flexible Zinc-Ion Batteries

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Gao ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Zixuan Li ◽  
Jiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Energy Device ◽  
Zn Anode ◽  
Significant Attention

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted significant attention owing to their high safety, high energy density, and low cost. ZIBs have been studied as a potential energy device for portable and...

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