A Ceramic Clevis Sensor For Online Substance Concentration Measurement, Manufactured By Ceramic Injection Molding

The current research presents recent respective to the work development of a ceramic clevis sensor for online substance concentration measurements. The aim was to develop a robust and acid-resistant sensor device, which can be easily included in existing procedural pipeline systems. To archive those goals a lot of factors had to be checked. For the substance concentration measurements a capacitive sensor effect was chosen. With this method even low substance concentrations down to one-tenth of a per cent can be indentified. For the package material zirconium oxide (tetragonal zirconia polycrystal – TZP) was used. Zirconium oxide is a technical ceramic which is wear-resistant, acid-resistant, has a low thermal conductivity, is electrically isolating and can be uses in a ceramic injection molding (CIM) process. In the phase of the sensor design process multiple geometries for the sensor effect and integration space for the evaluation electronics had to be considered. A standardized DN 40 DIN 32676 flanged joint was also added for an unproblematic connection to the pipelines. All these needed geometries had to be integrated into one ceramic element. As a result of these requirements a 3D CAD model of the sensor element was designed. The CAD-file has shown that there was only the CIM technology left to comprehend developed sensor geometry. CIM is a low cost process for large-scale production which is distinguished by high size accuracy. In the CIM process the material shrinkage, this is caused by the needed debindering and sintering steps, had to be considered. The developed ceramic clevis sensor was successfully tested in multiple fluidic systems. It has left the test phase and is now ready for maturity phase.

Download Full-text

A Ceramic Tubular Probe For Online Substance Concentration Measurement, Manufactured By Ceramic Injection Molding

International Symposium on Microelectronics ◽

10.4071/isom-2012-wa32 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 (1) ◽

pp. 000604-000608

Author(s):

Matthias Hartmann ◽

Bertram Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Injection Molding ◽

Zirconium Oxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Tetragonal Zirconia ◽

Scale Production ◽

Ceramic Injection Molding ◽

Substance Concentration ◽

Sensor Effect ◽

Concentration Measurements

The current research presents recent respective to the work development of a ceramic tubular probe for online substance concentration measurements. The aim was to develop a robust and acid-resistant sensor device, which can be easily included in existing procedural pipeline systems. To archive those goals a lot of factors had to be checked. For the substance concentration measurements a capacitive sensor effect was chosen. With this method even low substance concentrations down to one-tenth of a per cent can be indentified. For the package material zirconium oxide (tetragonal zirconia polycrystal – TZP) was used. Zirconium oxide is a technical ceramic which is wear-resistant, acid-resistant, has a low thermal conductivity, is electrically isolating and can be uses in a ceramic injection molding (CIM) process. In the phase of the sensor design process multiple geometries for the sensor effect and integration space for the evaluation electronics had to be considered. A standardized DN 10 DIN 32676 flanged joint was also added for an unproblematic connection to the pipelines. All these needed geometries had to be integrated into one ceramic element. As a result of these requirements a 3D CAD model of the sensor element was designed. The CAD-file has shown that there was only the CIM technology left to comprehend developed sensor geometry. CIM is a low cost process for large-scale production which is distinguished by high size accuracy. In the CIM process the material shrinkage, this is caused by the needed debindering and sintering steps, had to be considered. The developed ceramic tubular probe was successfully tested in multiple fluidic systems. It has left the test phase and is now ready for maturity phase.

Download Full-text

PVB/PEG-Based Feedstocks for Injection Molding of Alumina Microreactor Components

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12081219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Julia Medesi ◽

Dorit Nötzel ◽

Thomas Hanemann

Keyword(s):

Injection Molding ◽

Large Scale ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Polyvinyl Butyral ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Scale Production ◽

Ceramic Injection Molding ◽

Functional Components

The ceramic injection molding (CIM) process is a cost-effective powder-based near net shape manufacturing process for large-scale production of complex-shaped ceramic functional components. This paper presents the rheological analysis of environmentally friendly CIM feedstock formulations based on the binder components polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyethylene gycol (PEG). The prepared PVB/PEG-based alumina molding compounds were investigated with respect to their PVB:PEG ratios as well as to their powder filling degrees in the range between 50 and 64 vol.%. Corresponding viscosities and shear stresses were determined for increasing shear rates to show the effects of increased PEG content and solid loadings on them. Two single reactor components were injection molded and subsequently joined in their green state for fabrication of an alumina microreactor. The intended purpose of the alumina microreactors is their potential application as wear-resistant and hydrothermal stable multifunctional devices (µ-mixer, µ-reactor, µ-analyzer) for continuous hydrothermal synthesis (CHTS) of metal oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water (sc-H2O) as the reaction medium.

Download Full-text

Additive manufacturing and injection molding process for mass-production of face shields during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-63872/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Elizete Kunkel ◽

Mayra Torres Vasques ◽

João Aléssio Juliano Perfeito ◽

Nataly Rabelo Mina Zambrana ◽

Tainara dos Santos Bina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Mass Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Low Cost ◽

Injection Molding Process ◽

Scale Production ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Quality Costs

Abstract Face shield is a personal protective equipment required for healthcare professionals to decrease the risk of contamination during the COVID-19. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most applied process of additive manufacturing due to its usability and low-cost. The injection molding (IM) is the fastest process for mass industrial production. The comparison between the FDM and IM process to produce plastic parts is well known, but this study is the first to perform a qualitative comparison of these processes for mass-production and distribution of face shields in a pandemic. The design of the face shield was developed in three prototyping cycles based on requirements of medical, Brazilian regulatory standards, manufacturing, and production. The FDM manufacturing of 35,000 face shields was carried out by a volunteer network using low-cost 3D printer and the IM manufacturing of 80,000 was carried out by partner companies. With the production of face shields through the FDM process, it was possible to make daily deliveries of small batches to local hospitals. A total of 80,000 face shields was produced in larger batches by the IM process and delivered to remote regions in Brazil. Considering the manufacturing resilience of the processes (quality, costs, and production time), in a situation such as the current COVID-19 pandemic with disturbances and uncertainties, both FDM and IM processes are suitable for mass production of face shields. The FDM process promotes a fast-daily production once a committed network of volunteers is formed in strategic regions. The IM process was the best option for large scale production of face shields and delivery to remote regions without the availability of 3D printers.

Download Full-text

Effects of Ag contents on the microstructure and SERS performance of self-grown Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2020-0058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 751-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xinxin Lian ◽

Yuanjiang Lv ◽

Haoliang Sun ◽

David Hui ◽

Guangxin Wang

Keyword(s):

Ag Nanoparticles ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Film Surface ◽

Time Domain Analysis ◽

Alloy Film ◽

Scale Production ◽

Alloy Films ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Ag Film

AbstractAg nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films with different Ag contents were prepared on polyimide by magnetron sputtering. The effects of Ag contents on the microstructure of self-grown Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films were investigated using XRD, FESEM, EDS and TEM. The Ag content plays an important role in the size and number of uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles spontaneously formed on the Mo–Ag alloy film surface, and the morphology of the self-grown Ag nanoparticles has changed significantly. Additionally, it is worth noting that the Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy films covered by a thin Ag film exhibits highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. The electric field distributions were calculated using finite-difference time-domain analysis to further prove that the SERS enhancement of the films is mainly determined by “hot spots” in the interparticle gap between Ag nanoparticles. The detection limit of the Ag film/Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy film for Rhodamine 6G probe molecules was 5 × 10−14 mol/L. Therefore, the novel type of the Ag film/Ag nanoparticles/Mo–Ag alloy film can be used as an ideal SERS-active substrate for low-cost and large-scale production.

Download Full-text

Thermoelectric Performance of Mechanically Mixed BixSb2-xTe3—ABS Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1706

Author(s):

Zacharias Viskadourakis ◽

Argiri Drymiskianaki ◽

Vassilis M. Papadakis ◽

Ioanna Ioannou ◽

Theodora Kyratsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Thermoelectric Performance ◽

Scale Production ◽

Bismuth Antimony Telluride ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Bi Doping

In the current study, polymer-based composites, consisting of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Bismuth Antimony Telluride (BixSb2−xTe3), were produced using mechanical mixing and hot pressing. These composites were investigated regarding their electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient, with respect to Bi doping and BixSb2-xTe3 loading into the composite. Experimental results showed that their thermoelectric performance is comparable—or even superior, in some cases—to reported thermoelectric polymer composites that have been produced using other complex techniques. Consequently, mechanically mixed polymer-based thermoelectric materials could be an efficient method for low-cost and large-scale production of polymer composites for potential thermoelectric applications.

Download Full-text

Ultrasonic measurement of clamping force for injection molding machine

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2018-0268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 388-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peng Zhao ◽

Yao Zhao ◽

Jianfeng Zhang ◽

Junye Huang ◽

Neng Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injection Molding ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Large Scale ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ultrasonic Method ◽

Injection Molding Process ◽

Propagation Time ◽

Clamping Force ◽

Molding Process

AbstractAn online and feasible clamping force measurement method is important in the injection molding process and equipment. Based on the sono-elasticity theory, anin situclamping force measurement method using ultrasonic technology is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model is established to describe the relationship between the ultrasonic propagation time, mold thickness, and clamping force. A series of experiments are performed to verify the proposed method. Experimental findings show that the measurement results of the proposed method agree well with those of the magnetic enclosed-type clamping force tester method, with difference squares less than 2 (MPa)2and errors bars less than 0.7 MPa. The ultrasonic method can be applied in molds of different thickness, injection molding machines of different clamping scales, and large-scale injection cycles. The proposed method offers advantages of being highly accurate, highly stable, simple, feasible, non-destructive, and low-cost, providing significant application prospects in the injection molding industry.

Download Full-text

Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

10.26434/chemrxiv.12745097 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽

Filippo Campana ◽

Fabio Marmottini ◽

Ferdinando Costantino ◽

Luigi Vaccaro

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Dimethyl Formamide ◽

Scale Production ◽

Green Solvents ◽

High Quality ◽

Color Code ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Metal Organic

<p>Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of <i>N,N</i>-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis. </p>

Download Full-text

Low-cost Large Scale Vermicompost Unit

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2115/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2115 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

Sonam Solanki ◽

Gunendra Mahore

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Key Innovation ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Long Run ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Term Maintenance

Abstract In the current process of producing vermicompost on a large-scale, the main challenge is to keep the worms alive. This is achieved by maintaining temperature and moisture in their living medium. It is a difficult task to maintain these parameters throughout the process. Currently, this is achieved by building infrastructure but this method requires a large initial investment and long-run maintenance. Also, these methods are limited to small-scale production. For large-scale production, a unit is developed which utilises natural airflow with water and automation. The main aim of this unit is to provide favourable conditions to worms in large-scale production with very low investment and minimum maintenance in long term. The key innovation of this research is that the technology used in the unit should be practical and easy to adopt by small farmers. For long-term maintenance of the technology lesser number of parts are used.

Download Full-text