Glucose Uptake Patterns in Exercised Skeletal Muscles of Elite Male Long-Distance and Short-Distance Runners

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh-Jun Tai
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance

Zinc and Copper Biochemical Indices of Antioxidant Status in Elite Athletes of Different Modalities

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josely C. Koury ◽  
Astrogildo V. de Oliveira ◽  
Emílson S. Portella ◽  
Cyntia F. de Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo C. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The purpose of this study was lo compare zinc and copper biochemical indices of antioxidant status and their relationship in elite athletes of different modalities: aerobic with high-impact (triathletes, n = 10 and long-distance runners, n = 12), anaerobic with high-impact (short-distance runners, n = 9), and anaerobic with low-impact (short-distance swimmers, n = 13). The influence of recent dietary intake and body composition was also evaluated. A venous blood sample was drawn 16-20 hr after competition for the following measurements: packed-cell volume and hemoglobin in blood; copper and zinc in plasma and erythrocytes; ceruloplasmin in plasma; superoxide dismutase activity and metal-lothionein in erythrocyles; and erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Zinc and copper intakes were not different in the athlete groups and did not affect the biochemical indices measured. Athletes of the long-distance high-impact aerobic modalities had higher indices of antioxidant protection (erythrocyte zinc, superoxide dismutase activity, and metallothionein) than those of the short-distance low-impact modalities, suggesting that there is adaptation of the antioxidant capacity to the specific training. Significant correlations were observed in all athletes between erythrocyte zinc, superoxide dismutase activity, and metallothionein consistent with the importance of an adequate zinc status in the response of antioxidant mechanisms to intense exercise.

Profile of creatine kinase isoenzymes in skeletal muscles of marathon runners.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F S Apple ◽  
M A Rogers ◽  
W M Sherman ◽  
D L Costill ◽  
F C Hagerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Isoenzyme Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Abstract The proportion of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme MB activity was increased in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from five long-distance runners, both 2 h before (mean 7.7%, SD 2.4%) and 30 min after (mean 7.2%, SD 1.2%) a marathon race, as compared with that in biopsies from five nonrunners (controls less than or equal to 1.0%). Further, mitochondrial CK and CK-BB isoenzymes were present in homogenates of the runners' skeletal muscle samples but not in those of the nonrunners. However, there were no substantial differences in the mean total CK activities per gram (wet wt.) of muscle tissue among premarathon samples, postmarathon samples, and nonrunners' samples (3148, 3365, and 3049 U/g, respectively). We conclude that the metabolically active gastrocnemius muscle of long-distance runners is qualitatively similar to the heart muscle in its CK isoenzyme composition.

scholarly journals Prediction of selected anthropometric parameters on straid length performance for college level men short and long distance runners

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Binthu Mathavan S. ◽  
A. Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
College Level ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significance Level

In this study totally 30 athletes were selected randomly from Pondicherry University who are all participated intercollegiate athletic tournament in short and long distance events, in this 15 athletes from short distance and 15 from long distance runners. Their age ranged from 17 to 28 years as per their university records, variables were restricted for this study anthropometric parameters such as Mid -thigh girth, calf mid girth, leg length, BMI as well straid length performance. Collection of data: (Straid length) before starting data collection 400 mts track were divided in to 5 half, then selected subjects were taken sufficient time before starting data collection for getting warming up them self-its for avoiding injuries as well minimize data error, after that they were commended to run 400mts running then researcher has taken random data from each half and converted mean value for analyse data. Statistics: collected data were used for analyse relationship between anthropometric parameters and straid length Pearson product moment co-relation were used with 0.05 significance level. Results: Long distance runners in this there is positive Relationship between Mid- Thigh Girth and Straid Length Performances as well Calf Girth and Straid Length Performances. But there is no relationship between Leg Length and Straid Length Performance as well Body Mass Index and Straid Length Performance. Short distance runners in this there is positive Relationship between Mid- Thigh Girth and Straid Length Performances, Calf Girth and Straid Length Performances as well BMI and Straid Length Performances. But there is no relationship between Leg Length and Straid Length Performance.

scholarly journals Increased Prevalence of the IL-6 -174C Genetic Polymorphism in Long Distance Swimmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigal Ben-Zaken ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Eias Kassem ◽  
Alon Eliakim
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractThe IL-6 -174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) functionally affects IL-6 activity, with the G-allele associated with increased IL-6 levels. The C-allele was found to be associated with exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism and athletic performance among elite swimmers and runners. The study sample included 180 track and field athletes and 80 swimmers. Track and field athletes were assigned to three sub-groups: long-distance runners, middle-distance runners and short-distance runners. Swimmers were assigned to two subgroups: long-distance swimmers and short-distance swimmers. The control group consisted of 123 non-athletic healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood following a standard protocol. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The CC genotype and C-allele frequency were significantly higher in the long-distance swimmers (18 and 43%, respectively) compared to the long-distance runners (3 and 14%, respectively, p < 0.001); middle-distance runners (4 and 22%, respectively, p < 0.001); and controls (5 and 19%, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, the CC genotype and C-allele frequency were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in long-distance swimmers compared to short-distance swimmers (18 versus 5% and 43 versus 29% for the CC genotype and C-allele frequency, respectively). The higher frequency of the C-allele and CC genotype among long-distance swimmers suggests that the rarity of exercise-associated rhabdomyolysis among swimmers is probably related to other sports-specific or water-related protective mechanisms. It is possible that swimming selection in talented endurance athletes who are C-allele carriers represents an example of genetically-dependent sports selection.

Personality Assessment of The Elite Women Long Distance Runners of India

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Annu Annu ◽  
◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Malkeet Kaur ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals K → μ+μ− as a clean probe of short-distance physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Dery ◽  
Mitrajyoti Ghosh ◽  
Yuval Grossman ◽  
Stefan Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Element ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Final States ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ckm Matrix ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract The K → μ+μ− decay is often considered to be uninformative of fundamental theory parameters since the decay is polluted by long-distance hadronic effects. We demonstrate that, using very mild assumptions and utilizing time-dependent interference effects, ℬ(KS → μ+μ−)ℓ=0 can be experimentally determined without the need to separate the ℓ = 0 and ℓ = 1 final states. This quantity is very clean theoretically and can be used to test the Standard Model. In particular, it can be used to extract the CKM matrix element combination $$ \mid {V}_{ts}{V}_{td}\sin \left(\beta +{\beta}_s\right)\mid \approx \mid {A}^2{\lambda}^5\overline{\eta}\mid $$ ∣ V ts V td sin β + β s ∣ ≈ ∣ A 2 λ 5 η ¯ ∣ with hadronic uncertainties below 1%.

Blood lactate and glycerol after 400-m and 3,000-m runs in sprint and long distance runners

1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Ohkuwa ◽  
Yoshinobu Kato ◽  
Koichi Katsumata ◽  
Takayuki Nakao ◽  
Miharu Miyamura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Leszczyńska ◽  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Y-Balance Test Performance by maturation status in youth distance runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0008
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Micah C. Garcia ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Jason T. Long ◽  
Kevin R. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle Strength ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Distance running is a popular interscholastic sport, but also has an associated high risk of running-related injuries. Recent literature suggests that functional tests may help to identify athletes at increased risk of injury. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is an objective measure used to assess functional muscle strength and balance and to expose asymmetries between tested limbs. Purpose: To determine if YBT performance was associated with maturation status in healthy, youth distance runners. We hypothesized that mid-pubertal (MP) runners would demonstrate less functional reach distance than pre-pubertal (PrP) or post-pubertal (PoP) runners. Methods: A convenience sample of 142 (Females: n=79, Males: n=63) uninjured youth runners (ages 13.5±2.7 years; weekly running distance: 18.2±20.4 km) were recruited from the local community. All runners met inclusion criteria, indicating that they were between 9 and 19 years old and participated in long-distance running activities such as school/club track and field, cross country, road races, trail running, and/or soccer. The runners completed a modified Pubertal Maturational Observation Scale (PMOS), then were screened for right (R) and left (L) anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) reach distances (cm) normalized by lower limb length (cm). Composite reach distance was calculated by the sum of the three reach distances divided by three times the limb length multiplied by 100 for R and L limbs. ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to compare maximum normalized reach distances for the three directions and composite reach distance by maturation status and sex. Results: Overall, 31.7% were classified as PrP status, 26.1% as MP, and 42.3% as PoP, with similar percentages by sex ( p=0.84). The only significant mean difference was found for R ANT maximum normalized reach distance between PrP and PoP ( p=0.02), indicating a greater normalized reach in PrP athletes. No significant mean differences were found for R or L PM and PL maximum normalized reach distances, or for R or L composite reach distances, by maturation status or when stratified by maturation and sex ( p>0.05). Conclusions: In this sample of youth runners, the YBT was only a discriminator of anterior reach distance between pre-pubertal and post-pubertal runners. As decreased anterior reach is associated with reduced quadriceps muscle strength and anterior knee pain, reduced anterior reach in post-pubertal runners may potentially signify an increased risk of sustaining a running-related injury. Thus, preventive efforts to ensure good functional quadriceps muscle strength may be merited.

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