scholarly journals For an ethics of experimentation. Moral arguments supporting 3Rs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Manti
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Ethical Competence ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Animal Psychology ◽  
Moral Arguments ◽  
Effective Development

A non-ideological approach to the moral questions posed by the use of animals for experimental purposes involves taking into account: i) the debate that has developed since the modern age on the ontological status of animals and on what is due to them or we must recognize; ii) the new frontiers of knowledge opened up by disciplines such as ethology, anthrozoology, animal psychology; iii) the arguments in support of or against experimentation with animals, referring also to new perspectives opened up by methodologies commonly defined as alternatives. Referring to the 3Rs, an important starting point is to critically consider the impasse generated by the conflict of interests between human and animal welfare or, in another respect, by the conflict of benefits for humans - costs for animals. Effective development of the 3Rs requires epistemological awareness and ethical competence as the assumption of responsibility by researchers and OPBA members for the well-being of humans and animals, giving reasons for the choices that are made.

scholarly journals Plant-based fructans for increased animal welfare: provision processes and remaining challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zimmermann ◽  
C. Visscher ◽  
M. Kaltschmitt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractFructans are carbohydrates consisting of fructose monomers linked by β-2,1- and/or β-2,6-glycosidic bonds with linear or branched structure. These carbohydrates belong to the group of prebiotic dietary fibre with health-promoting potential for humans and mammals due to their indigestibility and selective stimulation of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. This makes fructans interesting mainly for healthy food as well as animal feed applications. As a consequence of a growing public awareness for animal welfare, dietary fibre and thus fructans move into the focus as a fibre-rich feeding improving not only animals’ health but also their well-being. Against this background, this paper summarises the known effects of fructans focusing on pigs and highlights the state of the art in fructan production processes from plant material as well as selected current research lines. Additionally, an attempt is made to assess the potential of European fructan production for an application as animal feed. Based on this, challenges in the field of fructan production are addressed and alternative substrates for fructans are discussed and pointed out.

scholarly journals How can electric lighting contribute to human health and well-being?

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-522
Author(s):  
P Raynham
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Hypothetical Explanation

Electric light in buildings may provide some health benefits; however, for most people these benefits are likely to be small. It is possible for electric lighting to cause health problems, if there is too little light or there is glare, but for the most part there is good guidance available and these problems can be avoided. The quality of the lit environment can have a psychological impact and this may in turn impact well-being. A starting point for this is perceived adequacy of illumination. Related lighting metrics are examined and a hypothetical explanation is suggested.

scholarly journals A journey to a new stable state—further development of the postoperative recovery concept from day surgical perspective: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e037755
Author(s):  
Ulrica Nilsson ◽  
Maria Jaensson ◽  
Karin Hugelius ◽  
Erebouni Arakelian ◽  
Karuna Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Stable State ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Patients Experience

ObjectiveThis study aims to further develop the concept analysis by Allvin et al in 2007 and Lundmark et al in 2016 from the perspective of day-surgery patients. Also, to describe how patients experience postoperative recovery in relation to the identified dimensions and subdimensions and to interpret the findings in order to get a deeper understanding of the concept postoperative recovery.DesignDescriptive qualitative design with a theoretical thematic analysis.SettingSix day-surgery departments in Sweden.ParticipantsThirty-eight adult participants who had undergone day surgery in Sweden. Participants were purposively selected.ResultsFour dimensions—physical, psychological, social and habitual—were confirmed. A total of eight subdimensions were also confirmed, two from Allvin et al’s study and six from Lundmark et al’s study. Recovery included physical symptoms and challenges coping with and regaining control over symptoms and bodily functions. Both positive and negative emotions were present, and strategies on how to handle emotions and achieve well-being were established. Patients became dependent on others. They coped with and adapted to the recovery process and gradually stabilised, reaching a new stable state.ConclusionPostoperative recovery was described as a process with a clear starting point, and as a dynamic and individual process leading to an experience of a new stable state. The recovery process included physical symptoms, emotions and social and habitual consequences that challenges them. To follow-up and measure all four dimensions of postoperative recovery in order to support and understand the process of postoperative recovery is, therefore, recommended.

scholarly journals Risk Management in nursing homes: an Italian experience in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Furmenti ◽  
F Bert ◽  
M Rucci ◽  
U Fiandra ◽  
A Scarmozzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Background The ageing of the European population leads to an increasing demand for Long-Term Care services. The security and well-being of the elderly population hosted in nursing homes (NHs) needs an effective Risk Management policy, officially sanctioned in Italy by the so-called “Legge Gelli” n.24 (March 8th, 2017) and the Directive 2011/24/EU on the application of patients' rights in cross-border healthcare. In order to verify the effective application of common “best practices” in terms of Risk Management in NHs, a tool useful to analyse risk management attitudes in Northern Italy was conceived and applied in a sample of NHs. Methods The tool, developed in collaboration with the health insurance company SHAM Italia, is composed of 124 items (with a dichotomous answer -YES/NO) on topics related to various Risk Management practices. This tool was submitted in a face-to-face interview to several Directors (Health Directors or Nursing Coordinators) of NHs in the Piedmont Region. A list of randomly-chosen NHs was contacted: 4 of them were selected for the pilot study and compiled the questionnaire. Answers were gathered and analyzed through Microsoft Excel. Results Only the 25% of NHs has a Risk Management plan with objectives and indicators of effectiveness and uses Risk Analysis instruments for a pre- and post-” risk detection. Only one has employees working mainly on Risk Management alone. The 75% of the reported events were “Adverse Events”, and all the NHs (100%) have a protocol for a patient voluntary departure or for fall prevention or for bedsores prevention; while 50% have a protocol for prevention of aggressions towards operators or for patients' suicide prevention. Conclusions This work provides a starting point to face new challenges that are looming on the European Health-care Systems: the care for the elderlies needs to be perfected to reduce inefficiencies, cut useless costs and improve safety of patients in the NHs setting. Key messages Despite safety of older patients in nursing homes is not only important but mandatory in Italy, risk management tools for this setting are lacking in literature. A new tool applied in Italian nursing homes showed that risk management needs to be implemented in practice and these results can be extended to European context.

scholarly journals Development of an international standard set of patient-centred outcome measures for overall paediatric health: a consensus process

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320345
Author(s):  
Beatrix Algurén ◽  
Jessily P Ramirez ◽  
Matthew Salt ◽  
Nick Sillett ◽  
Stacie N Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delphi Process ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Paediatric Health

ObjectiveTo develop an Overall Pediatric Health Standard Set (OPH-SS) of outcome measures that captures what matters to young people and their families and recognising the biopsychosocial aspects of health for all children and adolescents regardless of health condition.DesignA modified Delphi process.SettingThe International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement convened an international Working Group (WG) comprised of 23 international experts from 12 countries in the field of paediatrics, family medicine, psychometrics as well as patient advisors. The WG participated in 11 video-conferences, through a modified Delphi process and 9 surveys between March 2018 and January 2020 consensus was reached on a final recommended health outcome standard set. By a literature review conducted in March 2018, 1136 articles were screened for clinician and patient-reported or proxy-reported outcomes. Further, 4315 clinical trials and 12 paediatric health surveys were scanned. Between November 2019 and January 2020, the final standard set was endorsed by a patient validation (n=270) and a health professional (n=51) survey.ResultsFrom a total of 63 identified outcomes, consensus was formed on a standard set of outcome measures that comprises 10 patient-reported outcomes, 5 clinician-reported measures, and 6 case-mix variables. The four developmental age-specific packages (ie, 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, 18–24 years) include either five or six measures with an average time for completion of 20 min.ConclusionsThe OPH-SS is a starting point to drive value-based paediatric healthcare delivery from a global perspective for enhancing child and adolescent physical health and psychosocial well-being.

Trauma-informed servant leadership in health and social care settings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Trauma Informed

Purpose Practitioners, organisations and policy makers in health and social care settings are increasingly recognising the need for trauma-informed approaches in organisational settings, with morbidity and financial burdens a growing concern over the past few years. Servant leadership has a unique focus on emotional healing, service to others as the first priority, in addition to the growth, well-being and personal and professional development of key stakeholders. This paper aims to discuss Trauma Informed Servant Leadership (TISL). Design/methodology/approach A targeted review of the servant leadership and trauma-informed care literature was conducted. Relevant studies, including systematic review and meta-analysis, were sourced, with the resulting interpretation informing the conceptual model. Findings Although there are general guidelines regarding how to go about instituting trauma-informed approaches, with calls for organisational leadership to adapt the often cited six trauma-informed principles, to date there has not been a leadership approach elucidated which takes as its starting point and core feature to be trauma informed. At the same time, there is a paucity of research elucidating trauma outcomes for service users or employees in the literature when a trauma-informed approach is used. However, there is a large body of evidence indicating that servant leadership has many of the outcomes at the employee level that trauma-informed approaches are attempting to attain. Thus, the author builds on a previous conceptual paper in which a model of servant leadership and servant leadership supervision are proposed to mitigate against compassion fatigue and secondary trauma in the health and social care sector. The author extends that research to this paper by recasting servant leadership as a trauma-informed model of leadership that naturally operationalises trauma-informed principles. Research limitations/implications A lack of primary data limits the extent to which conclusions can be drawn on the effectiveness of this conceptual model. However, the model is based on robust research across the differential components used; therefore, it can act as a framework for future empirical research designs to be studies at the organisational level. Both the servant leadership and trauma-informed literatures have been extended with the addition of this model. Practical implications TISL can complement the trauma-informed approach and may also be viable as an alternative to trauma-informed approaches. This paper offers guidelines to practitioners and organisations in health and social care on how to operationalise important trauma-informed principles through leadership. Social implications This conceptual model may help reduce the burden of trauma and re-traumatisation encountered by practitioners and service users in health and social care settings, impacting on morbidity. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is a novel approach, the first of its kind.

Parental Alienation Syndrome of contactbreuk : Waarom uit het oog niet uit het hart is. Kinderen verst(r)ikt in verbinding.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Claire Wiewauters ◽  
Kathleen Emmery
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Parental Alienation Syndrome ◽  
Welfare Work ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Kinderen En Jongeren

In dit artikel nemen we als focus de kwetsbare positie van het kind in de context rondom PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome). We vertrekken vanuit een postmoderne visie op de werkelijkheid waarbij de betekenisgeving binnen een relationeel kader een belangrijke plaats inneemt. Ook de ontwikkelingsleeftijd van kinderen vergt onze aandacht. We toetsen ons conceptueel kader aan een analyse van 60 chatgesprekken van kinderen en jongeren met de hulplijn Awel over de scheiding van hun ouders en het leven in een samengesteld gezin. We formuleren een aantal concrete voorstellen die ervoor moeten zorgen dat de ontwikkeling en het welzijn van kinderen en jongeren zoveel mogelijk gewaarborgd blijft wanneer contactbreuk bij en na scheiding optreedt. Hiermee bieden we een antwoord op de draaglast en het isolement van kinderen. We houden een pleidooi om het actorschap van kinderen te verhogen. We pleiten voor meer samenwerking tussen de betrokkenen bij welzijn en justitie. Abstract :  This article focuses on the vulnerable position of the child in the context of PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome).  Our starting point is a postmodern vision on reality in which meaning making plays an important role in relations.  We also pay attention to the developmental age of children. We test our conceptual framework with an analysis of 60 chat conversations of children and youngsters with the online service of the Flemish Child Helpline (‘Awel’) about the divorce of their parents and life in a newly composed family. We formulate several specific suggestions to make sure that the development and well‐being of children and youngsters is guaranteed as much as possible when contact is broken during and after the divorce. With this we offer a response to the burden and isolation of children. We make a plea to strengthen the agency of children and for more cooperation between the welfare work and legal actors that are involved.

Establishing national mental health and well‐being indicators for Scotland

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

The growing interest in the mental health and well‐being of populations raises questions about traditional measures of public mental health, which have largely focused on levels of psychiatric morbidity. This paper describes work in progress to identify a set of national mental health and well‐being indicators for Scotland that could be used to establish a summary mental health profile, as a starting point for monitoring future trends. The process in taking this work forward involves identifying a desirable set of indicators, scoping the data that are currently collected nationally in Scotland, identifying additional data needs, and ensuring existing data collection systems include mental health and well‐being. It is expected that an indicator set for adults will have been identified by 2007. The paper presents some of the conceptual and practical challenges involved in defining and measuring positive mental health and is presented here as a contribution to ongoing debates in this field.

scholarly journals Women, Water & Well-Being: A Case Study of ‘Kuttadampadam’ in Palakkad, Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
V Shinju ◽  
Aswathi Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Role Of Women

The natural resources are repository for the survival of all of us, so they must be used efficiently to meet the present needs while conserving them for future generations. An action to develop capacities from global to household levels for their sustainable management and regulation is required henceforth. Of these natural resources, water resources are most precious. If there is no water; there would be no life on earth. Since ‘water is the elixir of life’, water resource management has been considered as one of the most relevant areas of intervention. Understanding the gender dimensions of water resource management is a starting point for reversing the degradation of water resources. Women play an important role here since they have to access the water resources for almost all the activities on a daily basis. As the women are the strong social agents, effective and improved water preservation techniques could be achieved through their empowerment that may eventually lead to the well-being of the households in particular and of the community in general. Therefore, the major research question posed in this study is to analyze the role of women in the preservation and management of water, an inevitable, precious but diminishing natural resource. The study also intends to describe the relationship between the three ‘W's-Women, Water & Well-being. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are essential here as it is a contingent issue in the present scenario. Psychological dimensions were also explored since the issue is affecting the routine life of the community. The case study of women belonging to the Kuttadampadam region was done to explain the role of women in preserving water resources in the areas affecting severe water scarcity.

scholarly journals Les "modernes" religioses valencianes: entrebancs d'una recerca textual

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Maria Ángeles Herrero Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Women Religious ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
Women Of Letters

Resum: El catàleg titulat Lletraferides modernes. Catàleg de les escriptores valencianes dels segles XVI-XVIII (Herrero 2009) suposava un punt de partida en la compilació de «lletraferides» valencianes de l’Edat Moderna. Aquest ajudà a rescatar els seus noms, però el major handicap radica en la diversitat en la localització física dels textos. A través d’una visió dels diferents gèneres que empraren aquestes escriptores, en especial les religioses (poesia, mística, auto/biografia espiritual…), avancem algunes conclusions que permetran una anàlisi sociolingu?ística, literària i de gènere d’eixes obres.Paraules clau: Catàleg, Localizació textual,  Autores religioses, Valencianes, Modernes.Abstract: The catalogue entitled Lletraferides modernes. Catàleg de les escriptores valencianes dels segles XVI-XVIII (Herrero 2009) provided a starting point for the compilation of Valencian «women of letters» in the Modern Age. Although this catalogue helped to recover the names of these authors, the process is greatly hindered by the diversity of textual localisation. By considering the different genres these writers, particularly the religious authors, favoured (poetry, mystic, spiritual auto/biography,…), this paper aims to provide a number of conclusions for subsequent application in the sociolinguistic, literary and genre analysis of these works.Keywords: Catalogue, Textual localisation, Women religious authors, Valencian, Modern

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